Observations of the southern East Madagascar Current and undercurrent and countercurrent system

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 113, Issue 8, 2008, Pages

  Nauw, J J ^a,c   van Aken, H M ^a   Webb, A ^b   Lutjeharms, J R E ^b   de Ruijter, W P M ^c  

^a ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SEA RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^c UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; FLOW OF WATER; JETS; NUTRIENTS; OCEAN CURRENTS; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;

ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; COUNTERCURRENT; GEOSTROPHIC FLOW; INTERMEDIATE WATER; OCEANIC CURRENT; OUTFLOW; OXYGEN; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; SEA SURFACE SALINITY; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UNDERCURRENT; VESSEL; WATER MASS;

AGULHAS CURRENT; INDIAN OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN (SOUTH); INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS; MADAGASCAR; MOZAMBIQUE CHANNEL;

EID: 56049126919     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JC004639     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Beal, L. M., and H. L. Bryden (1997), Observations of an Agulhas Undercurrent, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 44, 1715-1724.
2. Beal, L. M., and H. L. Bryden (1999), The velocity and vorticity structure of the Agulhas Current at 32°, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5151-5176.
3. Beal, L. M., A. Ffield, and A. L. Gordon (2000), Spreading of Red Sea overflow waters in the Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8549-8564.
4. Biastoch, A., and W. Krauss (1999), The role of mesoscale eddies in the source regions of the Agulhas Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 29, 2303-2317.
5. Chapman, P., S. F. Di Marco, R. E. Davis, and A. C. Coward (2003), Flow at intermediate depths around Madagascar based on ALACE float trajectories, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 1957-1986.
6. de Ruijter, W. P. M., H. Ridderinkhof, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, M. W. Schouten, and C. Veth (2002), Observations of the flow in the Mozambique Channel, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(10), 1502, doi:10.1029/ 2001GL013714.
7. de Ruijter, W. P. M., H. M. van Aken, E. J. Beier, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, P. M. Matano, and M. W. Schouten (2004), Eddies and dipoles around South Madagascar: Formation, pathways and large-scale impact, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 51, 383-400.
8. de Ruijter, W. P. M., H. Ridderinkhof, and M. W. Schouten (2005), Variability of the southwest Indian Ocean, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Ser A, 363, 63-76.
9. de Ruijter, W. P. M.,G.-J. A. Brummer, S. S. Drijfhout, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, F. Peeters, H. Ridderinkhof, and H. van Aken (2006), Observations of the inter-ocean exchange around South Africa, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(9), 97, doi:10.1029/2006EO090002.
10. DiMarco, S. F., P. Chapman, and W. D. Nowlin Jr. (2000), Satellite observations of upwelling on the continental shelf south of Madagascar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3965-3968.
11. DiMarco, S. F., P. Chapman, W. D. Nowlin Jr., P. Hacker, K. Donohue, M. Luther, G. C. Johnson, and J. Toole (2002), Volume transport and property distributions of the Mozambique Channel, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49, 1481-1511.
12. Donohue, K. A., and J. M. Toole (2003), A near-synoptic survey of the Southwest Indian Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 50, 1893-1931.
13. Donohue, K. A., E. Firing, and L. M. Beal (2000), Comparison of three velocity section of the Agulhas Current and the Agulhas Undercurrent, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 28,585-28,593.
14. Duncan, C. P. (1970), The Agulhas Current, Ph.D. thesis, 76 pp., Univ. of Hawaii, Manoa.
15. Egbert, G. D., and S. Y. Erofeeva (2002), Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 183-204.
16. Fedorov, K. N. (1986), The physical nature and structure of oceanic fronts, in Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 333 pp., Springer, Berlin.
17. Fischer, J., and M. Visbeck (1993), Deep velocity profiling with self-contained ADCPs, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 764-773.
18. Gründlingh, M. L. (1985), Occurrence of Red Sea water in the southwestern Indian Ocean, 1981, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 15, 207-212.
19. Gründlingh, M. L. (1997), Cyclogenesis in the Mozambique Ridge Current, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 34, 89-103.
20. Gründlingh, M. L. (1993), On the winter flow in the southern Mozambique Channel, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 40, 409-418.
21. Hacker, P., E. Firing, W. D. Wilson, and R. Molinari (1996), Direct observations of the current structure east of the Bahamas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1127-1130.
22. Hanawa, K., and L. D. Talley (2001), Mode waters, in Ocean Circulation and Climate, Observing and Modelling the Global Ocean, edited by G. Siedler, J. Church, and J. Gould, Int. Geophys. Ser, 77, 373-387, Elsevier, San Diego, Calif.
23. Harris, T. F. W. (1972), Sources of the Agulhas Current in the spring of 1964, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 19, 633-650.
24. Jost, V., S. Bakan, and K. Fennig (2002), HOAPS - A new satellite-derived freshwater flux climatology, Meteorol. Z., 11, 61-70.
25. King, B. A., E. Firing, and T. M. Joyce (2001), Shipboard observations during WOCE, in Ocean Circulation and Climate, Observing and Modelling the Global Ocean, edited by G. Siedler, J. Church, and J. Gould, Int. Geophys. Ser., 77, 99-122, Elsevier, San Diego, Calif.
26. Lutjeharms, J. R. E. (1988a), On the role of the East Madagascar Current as a source of the Agulhas Current, S. Afr. J. Sci., 84, 236-238.
27. Lutjeharms, J. R. E. (1988b), Remote sensing corroboration of retroflection of the East Madagascar Current, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 35, 2045-2050.
28. Lutjeharms, J. R. E., N. D. Bang, and C. P. Duncan (1981), Characteristics of the currents east and south of Madagascar, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 28A, 879-899.
29. Machu, E., J. R. E. Lutjeharms, A. M. Webb, and H. M. van Aken (2002), First hydrographic evidence of the southeast Madagascar upwelling cell, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(21),2009, doi:10.1029/2002GL015381.
30. Matano, R. P., C. G. Simionato, and P. T. Strub (1999), Modeling the wind-driven variability of the South Indian Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 217-230.
31. Matano, R. P., E. J. Beier, and P. T. Strub (2002), Large-scale forcing of the Agulhas variability: The seasonal cycle, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1220-1241.
32. Nauw, J. J., H. M. van Aken, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, and W. P. M. de Ruijter (2005), Intrathermocline eddies in the southern Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C03006, doi:10.1029/2005JC002917.
33. New, A. L., S. G. Alderson, D. A. Smeed, and K. L. Stansfield (2007), On the circulation of water masses across the Mascarene Plateau in the South Indian Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 54, 42-74.
34. Palastanga, V., P. J. van Leeuwen, M. W. Schouten, and W. P. M. de Ruijter (2007), Flow structure and variability in the subtropical Indian Ocean: Instability of the South Indian Ocean Countercurrent, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C01001, doi:10.1029/2005JC003395.
35. Penven, P., J. R. E. Lutjeharms, and P. Florenchie (2006), Madagascar: A pacemaker for the Agulhas Current system?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17609, doi:10.1029/2006GL026854.
36. Perigaud, C., and J. P. McCreary Jr. (2003), Influence of interannual rainfall anomalies on sea level variations in the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C10), 3335, doi:10.1029/2003JC001857.
37. Phillips, H. E., S. E. Wijffels, and M. Fing (2005), Interannual variability in the freshwater content of the Indonesian-Australian Basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03603, doi:10.1029/2004GL021755.
38. Quadfasel, D. R., and J. C. Swallow (1986), Evidence for 50-dayperiod planetary waves in the South Equatorial current of the Indian Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 33, 1307-1312.
39. Quartly, G. D., and M. A. Srokosz (2002), SST observations of the Agulhas and East Madagascar retroflections by the TRMM microwave imager, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1585-1592.
40. Quartly, G. D., and M. A. Srokosz (2004), Eddies in the southern Mozambique Channel, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 51, 69-83.
41. Quartly, G. D., J. J. H. Buck, and M. A. Srokosz (2005), Eddy variability east of Madagascar, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. A, 363, 77-79.
42. Quartly, G. D., J. J. H. Buck, M. A. Srokosz, and A. C. Coward (2006), Eddies around Madagascar - The retroflection re-considered, J. Mar. Syst., 63, 115-129.
43. Ridderinkhof, H., and W. P. M. de Ruijter (2003), Moored current observations in the Mozambique Channel, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 50, 1933-195.
44. Schott, F., M. Fieux, J. Kindle, J. Swallow, and R. Zantopp (1988), The boundary currents East and North of Madagascar: 2. Direct measurements and model comparisons, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 4963-4974.
45. Schott, F. A., R. Zantopp, L. Stramma, M. Dengler, J. Fischer, and W. Wibaux (2004), Circulation and Deep-Water export at the western exit of the subpolar North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 817-843.
46. Schouten, W., W. P. M. de Ruijter, P. J. van Leeuwen, and H. Ridderinkhof (2003), Eddies and variability in the Mozambique Channel, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 50, 1987-2003.
47. Send, U. (1994), Accuracy of current profile measurements - Effect of tropical and midlatitude internal waves, J. Geophys. Res., 99(C8), 16,229-16,236.
48. Sharma, G. S. (1976), Water characteristics and current structure at 65°E during the southwest monsoon, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 32, 284-296.
49. Shenoi, S. S. C., P. K. Saji, and A. M. Almeida (1999), Near-surface circulation and kinetic energy in the tropical Indian Ocean derived from Lagrangian drifters, J. Mar. Res., 57, 885-907.
50. Siedler, G., M. Rouault, and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (2006), Structure and origin of the subtropical South Indian Ocean Countercurrent, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24609, doi:10.1029/2006GL027399.
51. Stramma, L., and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1997), The flow field of the subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5513-5530.
52. Stramma, L., M. Rhein, P. Brandt, M. Dengler, C. Böning, and M. Walter (2005), Upper ocean circulation in the western tropical Atlantic in boreal fall 2000, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 52, 221-240.
53. Swallow, J., and R. T. Pollard (1988), Flow of bottom water through the Madagascar Basin, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 35, 1437-1440.
54. Swallow, J., M. Fieux, and F. Schott (1988), The boundary currents East and North of Madagascar: 1. Geostrophic currents and transports, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 4951-4962.
55. Tchernia, P. (1980), Descriptive Regional Oceanography, 253 pp., Elsevier, New York.
56. Tomczak, M., and J. S. Godfrey, (1994), Regional Oceanography: An Introduction, 422 pp., Elsevier, New York.
57. van Aken, H. M., H. Ridderinkhof, and W. P. M. de Ruijter (2004), North Atlantic deep water in the south-western Indian Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 51, 755-776.
58. Visbeck, M. (2002), Deep velocity profiling using Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler: Bottom track and inverse solutions, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 794-807.
59. Weijer, W. (2008), Normal modes of the Mascarene Basin, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 55, 128-136.
60. Wyrtki, K. (1973), Physical oceanography of the Indian Ocean. In: B. Zeitzschel (Ed.), The Biology of the Indian Ocean, pp. 18-36, Springer, New York.
61. You, Y. (1997), Seasonal variations of thermocline circulation and ventilation in the Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,391-10,422.