메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 753-761

Venous air embolism during surgery, especially cesarean delivery

Author keywords

Cesarean delivery; Venous air embolism

Indexed keywords

AIR EMBOLISM; CESAREAN SECTION; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA; OBSTETRICS; PATIENT MONITORING; PEROPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREGNANCY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY;

EID: 56049121988     PISSN: 10118934     EISSN: 15986357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.5.753     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (22)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 33751399396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide embolism induced by endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting during coronary artery bypass grafting
    • Mommerot A, Perrault LP. Carbon dioxide embolism induced by endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting during coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132: 1502.
    • (2006) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.132 , pp. 1502
    • Mommerot, A.1    Perrault, L.P.2
  • 2
    • 33846248322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of spontaneous venous embolism with carbon dioxide during laparoscopic surgery in a pig
    • Staffieri F, Lacitignola L, De Siena R, Crovace A. A case of spontaneous venous embolism with carbon dioxide during laparoscopic surgery in a pig. Vet Anaesth Analg 2007; 34: 63-6.
    • (2007) Vet Anaesth Analg , vol.34 , pp. 63-66
    • Staffieri, F.1    Lacitignola, L.2    De Siena, R.3    Crovace, A.4
  • 3
    • 0034810897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of nitrous oxide anesthesia on venous gas embolism with carbon dioxide and helium during pneumoperitoneum
    • Kama NA. Influence of nitrous oxide anesthesia on venous gas embolism with carbon dioxide and helium during pneumoperitoneum. Surg Endosc 2001; 15: 1237-8.
    • (2001) Surg Endosc , vol.15 , pp. 1237-1238
    • Kama, N.A.1
  • 5
    • 33646468921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic changes induced by recreational scuba diving
    • Boussuges A, Blanc F, Carturan D. Hemodynamic changes induced by recreational scuba diving. Chest 2006; 129: 1337-43.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 1337-1343
    • Boussuges, A.1    Blanc, F.2    Carturan, D.3
  • 7
    • 0033872067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral arterial gas embolism by helium: An unusual case successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen and lidocaine
    • Mitchell SJ, Benson M, Vadlamudi L, Miller P. Cerebral arterial gas embolism by helium: an unusual case successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen and lidocaine. Ann Emerg Med 2000; 35: 300-3.
    • (2000) Ann Emerg Med , vol.35 , pp. 300-303
    • Mitchell, S.J.1    Benson, M.2    Vadlamudi, L.3    Miller, P.4
  • 8
    • 0028085241 scopus 로고
    • Venous and paradoxical air embolism in the sitting position. A prospective study with transoesphageal echocardiography
    • Papadopoulos G, Kuhly P, Brock M, Rudolph KH, Link J, Eyrich K. Venous and paradoxical air embolism in the sitting position. A prospective study with transoesphageal echocardiography. Acta Neurochir (wien) 1994; 126: 140-3.
    • (1994) Acta Neurochir (wien) , vol.126 , pp. 140-143
    • Papadopoulos, G.1    Kuhly, P.2    Brock, M.3    Rudolph, K.H.4    Link, J.5    Eyrich, K.6
  • 9
    • 0026628713 scopus 로고
    • Fifty percent nitrous oxide does not increase the risk of venous air embolism in neurosurgical patients operated upon in the sitting position
    • Losasso TJ, Muzzi DA, Dietz NM, Cucchiara RF. Fifty percent nitrous oxide does not increase the risk of venous air embolism in neurosurgical patients operated upon in the sitting position. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: 21-30.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 21-30
    • Losasso, T.J.1    Muzzi, D.A.2    Dietz, N.M.3    Cucchiara, R.F.4
  • 10
    • 0018252893 scopus 로고
    • Clinical considerations concerning detection of venous air embolism
    • Albin MS, Carroll RG, Maroon JC. Clinical considerations concerning detection of venous air embolism. Neurosurgery 1978; 3: 380-4.
    • (1978) Neurosurgery , vol.3 , pp. 380-384
    • Albin, M.S.1    Carroll, R.G.2    Maroon, J.C.3
  • 11
    • 0018871490 scopus 로고
    • Air embolism in hip surgery
    • Michel R. Air embolism in hip surgery. Anaesthesia 1980; 35: 858-62.
    • (1980) Anaesthesia , vol.35 , pp. 858-862
    • Michel, R.1
  • 12
    • 0036069373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transoesophageal echocardiography shows high risk of gas embolism during laparoscopic hepatic resection under carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum
    • Schmandra TC, Mierdl S, Bauer H, Gutt C, Hanisch E. Transoesophageal echocardiography shows high risk of gas embolism during laparoscopic hepatic resection under carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 870-6.
    • (2002) Br J Surg , vol.89 , pp. 870-876
    • Schmandra, T.C.1    Mierdl, S.2    Bauer, H.3    Gutt, C.4    Hanisch, E.5
  • 13
    • 33645311826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographic diagnosis of air embolism associated with central venous catheter placement: Case report and review of the literature
    • Maddukuri P, Downey BC, Blander JA, Pandian NG, Patel AG. Echocardiographic diagnosis of air embolism associated with central venous catheter placement: case report and review of the literature. Echocardiography 2006; 23: 315-8.
    • (2006) Echocardiography , vol.23 , pp. 315-318
    • Maddukuri, P.1    Downey, B.C.2    Blander, J.A.3    Pandian, N.G.4    Patel, A.G.5
  • 15
    • 33745262383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Images in clinical medicine: Venous air embolism
    • Cuvelier A, Muir JF. Images in clinical medicine: venous air embolism. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: e26.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354
    • Cuvelier, A.1    Muir, J.F.2
  • 16
    • 0032911413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic air embolism after lung trauma
    • Ho AM, Ling E. Systemic air embolism after lung trauma. Anesthesiology 1999; 90: 564-75.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , pp. 564-575
    • Ho, A.M.1    Ling, E.2
  • 18
    • 0345276303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The entrance of air by the open mouths of the veins, considered as cause of danger and death after parturition
    • Cormack JR. The entrance of air by the open mouths of the veins, considered as cause of danger and death after parturition. London Med J 1850; 2: 928.
    • London Med , vol.J 1850 , Issue.2 , pp. 928
    • Cormack, J.R.1
  • 20
    • 13344271908 scopus 로고
    • Fatal air embolism during term labor and the puerperium
    • Waldrop GS. Fatal air embolism during term labor and the puerperium. Obstet Gynecol 1953; 1: 454-9.
    • (1953) Obstet Gynecol , vol.1 , pp. 454-459
    • Waldrop, G.S.1
  • 23
    • 0025319228 scopus 로고
    • Precordial Doppler diagnosis of haemodynamically compromising air embolism during caesarean section
    • Fong J, Gadalla F, Gimbel AA. Precordial Doppler diagnosis of haemodynamically compromising air embolism during caesarean section. Can J Anaesth 1990; 37: 262-4.
    • (1990) Can J Anaesth , vol.37 , pp. 262-264
    • Fong, J.1    Gadalla, F.2    Gimbel, A.A.3
  • 24
    • 0025782321 scopus 로고
    • Precordial Doppler diagnosis of haemodynamically compromising air embolism during caesarean section
    • Lang S. Precordial Doppler diagnosis of haemodynamically compromising air embolism during caesarean section. Can J Anaesth 1991; 38: 255-6.
    • (1991) Can J Anaesth , vol.38 , pp. 255-256
    • Lang, S.1
  • 25
    • 0028843903 scopus 로고
    • Gas embolism complicating obstetric or gynecologic procedures. Case reports and review of the literature
    • Mushkat Y, Luxman D, Nachum Z, David MP, Melamed Y. Gas embolism complicating obstetric or gynecologic procedures. Case reports and review of the literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1995; 63: 97-103.
    • (1995) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , vol.63 , pp. 97-103
    • Mushkat, Y.1    Luxman, D.2    Nachum, Z.3    David, M.P.4    Melamed, Y.5
  • 26
    • 0031967538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete recovery after near-fatal venous air embolism during cesarean section
    • Epps SN, Robbins AJ, Marx GF. Complete recovery after near-fatal venous air embolism during cesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 1998; 7: 131-3.
    • (1998) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.7 , pp. 131-133
    • Epps, S.N.1    Robbins, A.J.2    Marx, G.F.3
  • 27
    • 0036184123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal air embolism during cesarean delivery for placenta previa
    • Kostash MA, Mensink F. Lethal air embolism during cesarean delivery for placenta previa. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 753-4.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 753-754
    • Kostash, M.A.1    Mensink, F.2
  • 28
    • 33645064810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary arterial air embolus occurring during cesarean delivery
    • Nims M, Hallonguist H, Camann W. Coronary arterial air embolus occurring during cesarean delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth 2006; 15: 166-9.
    • (2006) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.15 , pp. 166-169
    • Nims, M.1    Hallonguist, H.2    Camann, W.3
  • 30
    • 0025224798 scopus 로고
    • Are Doppler-detected emboli during cesarean section air emboli?
    • Fong J, Gadalla F, Pierri MK, Druzin M. Are Doppler-detected emboli during cesarean section air emboli? Anesth Analg 1990; 71: 254-7.
    • (1990) Anesth Analg , vol.71 , pp. 254-257
    • Fong, J.1    Gadalla, F.2    Pierri, M.K.3    Druzin, M.4
  • 31
    • 0024844614 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of venous air embolism during cesarean section is unchanged by the use of a 5 to 10o head-up tilt
    • Karuparthy VR, Downing JW, Husain FJ, Knape KG, Blanchard J, Solomon D. Incidence of venous air embolism during cesarean section is unchanged by the use of a 5 to 10o head-up tilt. Anesth Analg 1989; 69: 620-3.
    • (1989) Anesth Analg , vol.69 , pp. 620-623
    • Karuparthy, V.R.1    Downing, J.W.2    Husain, F.J.3    Knape, K.G.4    Blanchard, J.5    Solomon, D.6
  • 32
    • 0025910980 scopus 로고
    • Venous emboli occurring caesarean section: The effect of patient position
    • Fong J, Gadalla F, Druzin M. Venous emboli occurring caesarean section: the effect of patient position. Can J Anaesth 1991; 38: 191-5.
    • (1991) Can J Anaesth , vol.38 , pp. 191-195
    • Fong, J.1    Gadalla, F.2    Druzin, M.3
  • 33
    • 0025164161 scopus 로고
    • Venous air embolism during cesarean delivery
    • Handler JS, Bromage PR. Venous air embolism during cesarean delivery. Reg Anesth 1990; 15: 170-3.
    • (1990) Reg Anesth , vol.15 , pp. 170-173
    • Handler, J.S.1    Bromage, P.R.2
  • 34
    • 0024339463 scopus 로고
    • Precordial Doppler monitoring and pulse oximetry during cesarean delivery: Detection of venous air embolism
    • Vartikar JV, Johnson MD, Datta S. Precordial Doppler monitoring and pulse oximetry during cesarean delivery: detection of venous air embolism. Reg Anesth 1989; 14: 145-8.
    • (1989) Reg Anesth , vol.14 , pp. 145-148
    • Vartikar, J.V.1    Johnson, M.D.2    Datta, S.3
  • 35
    • 0027217796 scopus 로고
    • Venous air embolism during cesarean section: More common than previously thought
    • Lew TW, Tay DH, Thomas E. Venous air embolism during cesarean section: more common than previously thought. Anesth Analg 1993; 77: 448-52.
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.77 , pp. 448-452
    • Lew, T.W.1    Tay, D.H.2    Thomas, E.3
  • 38
    • 0018625616 scopus 로고
    • The lung as a filter for microbubbles
    • Butler BD, Hills BA. The lung as a filter for microbubbles. J Appl Physiol 1979; 47: 537-43.
    • (1979) J Appl Physiol , vol.47 , pp. 537-543
    • Butler, B.D.1    Hills, B.A.2
  • 39
    • 0022252978 scopus 로고
    • Transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli
    • Butler BD, Hills BA. Transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59: 543-7.
    • (1985) J Appl Physiol , vol.59 , pp. 543-547
    • Butler, B.D.1    Hills, B.A.2
  • 40
    • 0002661210 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary gas embolism in pregnancy and the puerperium
    • Nelson PK. Pulmonary gas embolism in pregnancy and the puerperium. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1960; 15: 449-81.
    • (1960) Obstet Gynecol Surv , vol.15 , pp. 449-481
    • Nelson, P.K.1
  • 41
    • 0018304369 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange abnormalities produced by venous gas emboli
    • Hlastala MP, Bobertson HT, Ross BK. Gas exchange abnormalities produced by venous gas emboli. Respir Physiol 1979; 36: 1-17.
    • (1979) Respir Physiol , vol.36 , pp. 1-17
    • Hlastala, M.P.1    Bobertson, H.T.2    Ross, B.K.3
  • 42
    • 0032712327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodilution during venous gas embolization improves gas exchange, without altering V(A)/Q or pulmonary blood flow distributions
    • Deem S, McKinney S, Polissar NL, Hedges RG, Swenson ER. Hemodilution during venous gas embolization improves gas exchange, without altering V(A)/Q or pulmonary blood flow distributions. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 1861-72.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 1861-1872
    • Deem, S.1    McKinney, S.2    Polissar, N.L.3    Hedges, R.G.4    Swenson, E.R.5
  • 43
    • 0034439953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary air embolism
    • Souders JE. Pulmonary air embolism. J Clin Monit Comput 2000; 16: 375-83.
    • (2000) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.16 , pp. 375-383
    • Souders, J.E.1
  • 44
    • 0017644020 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pulmonary gas embolism on circulation and respiration in the dog. IV. Origin of arterial hypoxemia during pulmonary gas embolism
    • Verstappen FT, Bernards JA, Kreuzer F. Effects of pulmonary gas embolism on circulation and respiration in the dog. IV. Origin of arterial hypoxemia during pulmonary gas embolism. Pflugers Arch 1977; 370: 71-5.
    • (1977) Pflugers Arch , vol.370 , pp. 71-75
    • Verstappen, F.T.1    Bernards, J.A.2    Kreuzer, F.3
  • 46
    • 0021748337 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of damage by air emboli to lung microvessels in anesthetized sheep
    • Albertine KH, Wiener-Kronish JP, Koike K, Staub NC. Quantification of damage by air emboli to lung microvessels in anesthetized sheep. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57: 1360-8.
    • (1984) J Appl Physiol , vol.57 , pp. 1360-1368
    • Albertine, K.H.1    Wiener-Kronish, J.P.2    Koike, K.3    Staub, N.C.4
  • 47
    • 0019405703 scopus 로고
    • Venous air emboli in sheep: Reversible increase in lung microvascular permeability
    • Ohkuda K, Nakahara K, Binder A, Staub NC. Venous air emboli in sheep: reversible increase in lung microvascular permeability. J Appl Physiol 1981; 51: 887-94.
    • (1981) J Appl Physiol , vol.51 , pp. 887-894
    • Ohkuda, K.1    Nakahara, K.2    Binder, A.3    Staub, N.C.4
  • 49
  • 50
    • 0024008520 scopus 로고
    • Precordial Doppler is not obsolete for venous air embolism monitoring
    • Gibby GL. Precordial Doppler is not obsolete for venous air embolism monitoring. Anesthesiology 1988; 68: 829.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.68 , pp. 829
    • Gibby, G.L.1
  • 51
    • 0019379207 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of Doppler monitoring for the detection of venous air embolism
    • Gildenberg PL, O'Brien RP, Britt WJ, Frost EA. The efficacy of Doppler monitoring for the detection of venous air embolism. J Neurosurg 1981; 54: 75-8.
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.54 , pp. 75-78
    • Gildenberg, P.L.1    O'Brien, R.P.2    Britt, W.J.3    Frost, E.A.4
  • 52
    • 33646204052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precordial Doppler probe placement for optimal detection of venous air embolism during craniotomy
    • Schubert A, Deogaonkar A, Drummond JC. Precordial Doppler probe placement for optimal detection of venous air embolism during craniotomy. Anesth Analg 2006; 102: 1543-7.
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.102 , pp. 1543-1547
    • Schubert, A.1    Deogaonkar, A.2    Drummond, J.C.3
  • 53
    • 0022387186 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of end-tidal nitrogen in venous air embolism detection in dogs
    • Matjasko J, Petrozza P, Mackenzie CF. Sensitivity of end-tidal nitrogen in venous air embolism detection in dogs. Anesthesiology 1985; 63: 418-23.
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.63 , pp. 418-423
    • Matjasko, J.1    Petrozza, P.2    Mackenzie, C.F.3
  • 54
    • 0025274124 scopus 로고
    • Detection of venous air embolism in dogs by emission spectrometry
    • Russell GB, Richard RB, Snider MT. Detection of venous air embolism in dogs by emission spectrometry. J Clin Monit 1990; 6: 18-23.
    • (1990) J Clin Monit , vol.6 , pp. 18-23
    • Russell, G.B.1    Richard, R.B.2    Snider, M.T.3
  • 55
    • 0021800208 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the sensitivity of pulmonary artery pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and end-tidal nitrogen in the detection of venous air embolism in the dog
    • Drummond JC, Prutow RJ, Scheller MS. A comparison of the sensitivity of pulmonary artery pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and end-tidal nitrogen in the detection of venous air embolism in the dog. Anesth Analg 1985; 64: 668-92.
    • (1985) Anesth Analg , vol.64 , pp. 668-692
    • Drummond, J.C.1    Prutow, R.J.2    Scheller, M.S.3
  • 56
    • 0023237262 scopus 로고
    • Venous air embolism, hypotension, and end-tidal nitrogen
    • Matjasko MJ, Hellman J, Mackenzie CF. Venous air embolism, hypotension, and end-tidal nitrogen. Neurosurgery 1987; 21: 378-82.
    • (1987) Neurosurgery , vol.21 , pp. 378-382
    • Matjasko, M.J.1    Hellman, J.2    Mackenzie, C.F.3
  • 57
    • 0026681112 scopus 로고
    • Detection and hemodynamic consequences of venous air embolism. Does nitrous oxide make a difference?
    • Losasso TJ, Black S, Muzzi DA, Michenfelder JD, Cucchiara RF. Detection and hemodynamic consequences of venous air embolism. Does nitrous oxide make a difference? Anesthesiology 1992; 77: 148-52.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 148-152
    • Losasso, T.J.1    Black, S.2    Muzzi, D.A.3    Michenfelder, J.D.4    Cucchiara, R.F.5
  • 58
    • 0030029712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic changes during cesarean section: A review
    • Burton A, Camann W. Electrocardiographic changes during cesarean section: a review. Int J Obstet Anesth 1996; 5: 47-53.
    • (1996) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.5 , pp. 47-53
    • Burton, A.1    Camann, W.2
  • 61
    • 0031964243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on the incidence of venous air embolism and on the cardiovascular response to the sitting position during neurosurgery
    • Giebler R, Kollenberg B, Pohlen G, Peters J. Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on the incidence of venous air embolism and on the cardiovascular response to the sitting position during neurosurgery. Br J Anaesth 1998; 80: 30-5.
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.80 , pp. 30-35
    • Giebler, R.1    Kollenberg, B.2    Pohlen, G.3    Peters, J.4
  • 62
    • 0023896913 scopus 로고
    • PEEP does not affect left atrial-right atrial pressure difference in neurosurgical patients
    • Zasslow MA, Pearl RG, Larson CP, Silverberg G, Shuer LF. PEEP does not affect left atrial-right atrial pressure difference in neurosurgical patients. Anesthesiology 1988; 68: 760-3.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.68 , pp. 760-763
    • Zasslow, M.A.1    Pearl, R.G.2    Larson, C.P.3    Silverberg, G.4    Shuer, L.F.5
  • 63
    • 2942661375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transthoracic echocardiography using second harmonic imaging with Valsalva manoeuvre for the detection of right to left shunts
    • Clarke NR, Timperley J, Kelion AD, Banning AP. Transthoracic echocardiography using second harmonic imaging with Valsalva manoeuvre for the detection of right to left shunts. Eur J Echocardiogr 2004; 5: 176-81.
    • (2004) Eur J Echocardiogr , vol.5 , pp. 176-181
    • Clarke, N.R.1    Timperley, J.2    Kelion, A.D.3    Banning, A.P.4
  • 64
    • 0028116201 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of venous air embolism in paediatric neurosurgical procedures performed in the sitting position by combined use of MAST suit and PEEP
    • Meyer PG, Cuttaree H, Charron B, Jarreau MM, Perie AC, Sainte-Rose C. Prevention of venous air embolism in paediatric neurosurgical procedures performed in the sitting position by combined use of MAST suit and PEEP. Br J Anaesth 1994; 73: 795-800.
    • (1994) Br J Anaesth , vol.73 , pp. 795-800
    • Meyer, P.G.1    Cuttaree, H.2    Charron, B.3    Jarreau, M.M.4    Perie, A.C.5    Sainte-Rose, C.6
  • 65
    • 0024788161 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary hemodynamics, extravascular lung water and residual gas bubbles following low dose venous gas embolism in dogs
    • Butler BD, Conkin J, Luehr S. Pulmonary hemodynamics, extravascular lung water and residual gas bubbles following low dose venous gas embolism in dogs. Aviat Space Environ Med 1989; 60: 1178-82.
    • (1989) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.60 , pp. 1178-1182
    • Butler, B.D.1    Conkin, J.2    Luehr, S.3
  • 66
    • 0014812034 scopus 로고
    • Neuroanesthetic adjuncts for surgery in the sitting position. II. The antigravity suit
    • Martin JT. Neuroanesthetic adjuncts for surgery in the sitting position. II. The antigravity suit. Anesth Analg 1970; 49: 588-93.
    • (1970) Anesth Analg , vol.49 , pp. 588-593
    • Martin, J.T.1
  • 67
    • 0015350051 scopus 로고
    • How effective is the G suit in neurosurgical operations?
    • Tinker JH, Vandam LD. How effective is the G suit in neurosurgical operations? Anesthesiology 1972; 36: 609-11.
    • (1972) Anesthesiology , vol.36 , pp. 609-611
    • Tinker, J.H.1    Vandam, L.D.2
  • 68
    • 0001492268 scopus 로고
    • Body position in relation to venous air embolism and the associated cardiovascular-respiratory changes
    • Oppenheimer MJ, Durant TM, Lynch P. Body position in relation to venous air embolism and the associated cardiovascular-respiratory changes. Am J Med Sci 1953; 225: 362-73.
    • (1953) Am J Med Sci , vol.225 , pp. 362-373
    • Oppenheimer, M.J.1    Durant, T.M.2    Lynch, P.3
  • 70
    • 0024335727 scopus 로고
    • Venous gas embolism: Time course of residual pulmonary intravascular bubbles
    • Butler BD, Luehr S, Katz J. Venous gas embolism: time course of residual pulmonary intravascular bubbles. Undersea Biomed Res 1989; 16: 21-9.
    • (1989) Undersea Biomed Res , vol.16 , pp. 21-29
    • Butler, B.D.1    Luehr, S.2    Katz, J.3
  • 71
    • 0029944925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of controlled ventilation with 100% oxygen, 50% oxygen in nitrogen, and 50% oxygen in nitrous oxide on responses to venous air embolism in pigs
    • Kyttä J, Tanskanen P, Randell T. Comparison of the effects of controlled ventilation with 100% oxygen, 50% oxygen in nitrogen, and 50% oxygen in nitrous oxide on responses to venous air embolism in pigs. Br J Anaesth 1996; 77: 658-61.
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.77 , pp. 658-661
    • Kyttä, J.1    Tanskanen, P.2    Randell, T.3
  • 72
    • 0031110644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary responses to intravenous infusion of soluble and relatively insoluble gases
    • Roberts MW, Mathiesen KA, Ho HS, Wolfe BM. Cardiopulmonary responses to intravenous infusion of soluble and relatively insoluble gases. Surg Endosc 1997; 11: 341-6.
    • (1997) Surg Endosc , vol.11 , pp. 341-346
    • Roberts, M.W.1    Mathiesen, K.A.2    Ho, H.S.3    Wolfe, B.M.4
  • 73
    • 0024338074 scopus 로고
    • Air embolism in the sitting position. Oxygen/nitrogen versus oxygen/laughing gas
    • Knüttgen D, Stölzle U, Köning W, Müller MR, Doehn M. Air embolism in the sitting position. Oxygen/nitrogen versus oxygen/laughing gas. Anaesthesist 1989; 38: 490-7.
    • (1989) Anaesthesist , vol.38 , pp. 490-497
    • Knüttgen, D.1    Stölzle, U.2    Köning, W.3    Müller, M.R.4    Doehn, M.5
  • 75
    • 0023695075 scopus 로고
    • Positioning the air aspiration pulmonary artery catheter introducer sheath by intravascular electrocardiography
    • Bowdle TA, Artru AA. Positioning the air aspiration pulmonary artery catheter introducer sheath by intravascular electrocardiography. Anesthesiology 1988 ; 69: 276-9.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.69 , pp. 276-279
    • Bowdle, T.A.1    Artru, A.A.2
  • 76
    • 0026094271 scopus 로고
    • Acute right heart failure: Pathophysiology, recognition, and pharmacological management
    • Calvin JE Jr. Acute right heart failure: pathophysiology, recognition, and pharmacological management. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1991; 5: 507-13.
    • (1991) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.5 , pp. 507-513
    • Calvin Jr., J.E.1
  • 77
    • 0019351279 scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of failure in acute right ventricular hypertension: Hemodynamic and biochemical correlations
    • Vlahakes GJ, Turley K, Hoffman JI. The pathophysiology of failure in acute right ventricular hypertension: hemodynamic and biochemical correlations. Circulation 1981; 63: 87-95.
    • (1981) Circulation , vol.63 , pp. 87-95
    • Vlahakes, G.J.1    Turley, K.2    Hoffman, J.I.3
  • 78
    • 0024361865 scopus 로고
    • The cardiopulmonary and renal hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine in canine pulmonary embolism
    • Angle MR, Molloy DW, Penner B, Jones D, Prewitt RM. The cardiopulmonary and renal hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine in canine pulmonary embolism. Chest 1989; 95: 1333-7.
    • (1989) Chest , vol.95 , pp. 1333-1337
    • Angle, M.R.1    Molloy, D.W.2    Penner, B.3    Jones, D.4    Prewitt, R.M.5
  • 79
    • 0012652322 scopus 로고
    • Milrinone, dobutamine, and nitroprusside: Comparative effects on hemodynamics and myocardial energetics in patients with severe congestive heart failure
    • Monrad ES, Baim DS, Smith HS, Lanoue AS. Milrinone, dobutamine, and nitroprusside: comparative effects on hemodynamics and myocardial energetics in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Circulation 1986; 73: III168-74.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.73
    • Monrad, E.S.1    Baim, D.S.2    Smith, H.S.3    Lanoue, A.S.4
  • 80
    • 0022352504 scopus 로고
    • Dobutamine: A hemodynamic evaluation in pulmonary embolism shock
    • Jardin F, Genevray B, Brun-Ney D, Margairaz A. Dobutamine: a hemodynamic evaluation in pulmonary embolism shock. Crit Care Med 1985; 13: 1009-12.
    • (1985) Crit Care Med , vol.13 , pp. 1009-1012
    • Jardin, F.1    Genevray, B.2    Brun-Ney, D.3    Margairaz, A.4
  • 81
    • 1842472012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal systemic air embolism during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography
    • Nayagam J, Ho KM, Liang J. Fatal systemic air embolism during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography. Anaesth Intensive Care 2004; 32: 260-4.
    • (2004) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.32 , pp. 260-264
    • Nayagam, J.1    Ho, K.M.2    Liang, J.3
  • 82
    • 0022005570 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral air embolism resulting from invasive medical procedures. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen
    • Murphy BP, Harford FJ, Cramer FS. Cerebral air embolism resulting from invasive medical procedures. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Ann Surg 1985; 201: 242-5.
    • (1985) Ann Surg , vol.201 , pp. 242-245
    • Murphy, B.P.1    Harford, F.J.2    Cramer, F.S.3
  • 83
    • 0026082546 scopus 로고
    • Venous air emboli with 15N2: Pulmonary excretion and physiologic responses in dogs
    • Russell GB, Snider MT, Richard RB, Loomis JL. Venous air emboli with 15N2: pulmonary excretion and physiologic responses in dogs. Undersea Biomed Res 1991; 18: 37-45.
    • (1991) Undersea Biomed Res , vol.18 , pp. 37-45
    • Russell, G.B.1    Snider, M.T.2    Richard, R.B.3    Loomis, J.L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.