Georgia's year of turmoil

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 154-168

  Lanskoy, Miriam ^a   Areshidze, Giorgi ^b  

^a National Endowment for Democracy   (United States)

^b PSI ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 56049115837     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Steve Crabtree and Neu Esipova, "Former Soviet Populations Value Democracy," 1 May 2008; available at www.gallup.com/poll/106930/Former- Soviet-Populations-Value-Democracy.aspx.
2. Thomas Goltz, "Letter from Eurasia: The Hidden Russian Hand," Foreign Policy, 22 September 1993;
3. Fiona Hill and Pamela Jewett, Back in the USSR: Russian Intervention in the Republics of the Former Soviet Union (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994).
4. The results of the fraudulent parliamentary election of November 2003 were annulled only with respect to party lists, and the 85 members representing single-mandate constituencies ("majoritarians") who were elected in November 2003 remained in the new Parliament. Moreover, 20 UNM single-mandate MPs formed a separate faction (called "Majoritarians") so that the New Rights-Industrialists, with 17 members, would not have the rights of the largest minority faction.
5. Arkady Ostrovsky, "How to Be a Founding Father," Financial Times, 9 July 2004.
6. World Bank, Doing Business 2007: How to Reform (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2006).
7. Robert E. Christiansen, "Property Rights, Institutions and Growth: Will Georgia Make the Transition?" Presentation delivered at Cato Conference, Tbilisi, Georgia, 26 October 2006.
8. Saakashvili says that he is pursuing a project of cultural transformation, which is a far more sweeping program than merely free elections. See Gideon Rachman, "Lunch with the FT: Mikheil Saakashvili," Financial Times, 25 April 2008.
9. For mote about the Georgian government's vision of itself as a vehicle for revolutionary social transformation, see Vicken Cheterian, "Georgia's Rose Revolution: Change or Repetition? Tension between State-Building and Modernization Projects," Nationalities Papers 36 (September 2008): 689-712.
10. There is a detailed analysis of the constitutional amendments and their implications in Irakly Areshidze, Democracy and Autocracy in Eurasia: Georgia in Transition (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2007) 197-210.
11. Ghia Nodia and Alvaro Pinto Scholtbach, The Political Landscape of Georgia-Political Parties: Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects (Delft: Eburon, 2006), 50-59.
12. Nodia and Scholtbach, Political Landscape of Georgia.
13. ISFED/GORBI, "Results of the Public Opinion Poll on Self-Govemment Issues in Georgia," 19 December 2005; available at www.isfed.ge/old/ statement_eng.htm.
14. See "Manifesto of National Council of the General Public Movement," available at www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id= 16044&searcht=. Membership in the UNC fluctuated between the founding of the opposition alliance in October and the parliamentary election in May 2008 when the New Rights Party participated as part of the UNC while the Republican and Labor parties competed independently.
15. Human Rights Watch, "Crossing the Line: Georgia's Violent Dispersal of Protestors and Raid on Imedi Television," December 2007; available at http://hrw.org/reports/2007/georgia1207.
16. The united opposition spent about US$465,000 on the campaign, whereas Saakashvili's campaign spent $14.4 million. See "Gel 721,000 spent on Gachechiladze Election Campaign," Civil Georgia, 21 February 2008; available at www.civil.ge/eng/article. php?id= 17163&search=saakashvili percent20and percent20campaign percent20funds.
17. Statement of the NDI Pre-Election Delegation to Georgia's 2008 Parliamentary Election, 2 May 2008; ODIHR, "Statement of Preliminary Findings, Georgian Parliamentary Elections," 22 May 2008; available at www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2008/05/31268_ en.pdf. (No final report has been made.)
18. Daniel Fried, Assistant Secretary of State, Testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Committee, "The Caucasus: Frozen Conflicts and Closed Borders," 18 June 2008.
19. Fried, "The Caucasus."