Early intravenous unfractionated heparin and mortality in septic shock

Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 36, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 2973-2979

  Zarychanski, Ryan ^a,b,c   Doucette, Steven ^a   Fergusson, Dean ^c   Roberts, Daniel ^a   Houston, Donald S ^b   Sharma, Satendra ^a   Gulati, Harlena ^c,d   Kumar, Anand ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b CANCERCARE MANITOBA   (Canada)

^c OTTAWA HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d Department of Anesthesiology   (United States)

Author keywords

Anticoagulants; Heparin; Mortality; Sepsis; Septic shock

Indexed keywords

HEPARIN; HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR; INOTROPIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CANADA; CLINICAL EVALUATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EARLY INTERVENTION; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEPTIC SHOCK; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; THERAPY EFFECT; CLINICAL TRIAL; HOSPITALIZATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY;

ANTICOAGULANTS; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEPARIN; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, INTRAVENOUS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SHOCK, SEPTIC;

EID: 56049115814     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: 15300293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31818b8c6b     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al: Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:1303-1310
2. Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J, et al: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults. A mul-ticenter prospective study in intensive care units. French ICU Group for Severe Sepsis. JAMA 1995; 274:968-974
3. Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, et al: The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1546-1554
4. Warren BL, Eid A, Singer P, et al: Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose anti-thrombin III in severe sepsis: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 286:1869-1878
5. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al: Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:699-709
6. Dellinger RP: Cardiovascular management of septic shock. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 946-955
7. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992; 101:1644-1655
8. Esmon CT: Introduction: Are natural anticoagulants candidates for modulating the inflammatory response to endotoxin? Blood 2000; 95:1113-1116
9. Jagneaux T, Taylor DE, Kantrow SP: Coagulation in sepsis. Am J Med Sci 2004; 328: 196-204
10. Abraham E, Laterre PF, Garg R, et al: Dro-trecogin alfa (activated) for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1332-1341
11. Laterre PF, Abraham E, Janes JM, et al: ADDRESS (ADministration of DRotrecogin alfa [activated] in Early stage Severe Sepsis) long-term follow-up: One-year safety and efficacy evaluation. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 1457-1463
12. Nadel S, Goldstein B, Williams MD, et al: Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with severe sepsis: A multicentre phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 369: 836-843
13. Eichacker PQ, Parent C, Kalil A, et al: Risk and the efficacy of antiinflammatory agents: Retrospective and confirmatory studies of sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:1197-1205
14. Carr J: The anti-inflammatory action of hep-arin: Heparin as an antagonist to histamine, bradykinin and prostaglandin E1. Thromb Res 1979; 16:507-516
15. Hocking D, Ferro TJ, Johnson A: Dextran sulfate and heparin sulfate inhibit platelet-activating factor-induced pulmonary edema. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72:179-185
16. Lantz M, Thysell H, Nilsson E, et al: On the binding of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to heparin and the release in vivo of the TNF-binding protein I by heparin. J Clin Invest 1991; 88:2026-2031
17. Lever R, Hoult JR, Page CP: The effects of heparin and related molecules upon the adhesion of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes to vascular endothelium in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 129:533-540
18. Meri S, Pangburn MK: A mechanism of activation of the alternative complement pathway by the classical pathway: Protection of C3b from inactivation by covalent attachment to C4b. Eur J Immunol 1990; 20: 2555-2561
19. Pernerstorfer T, Hollenstein U, Hansen J, et al: Heparin blunts endotoxin-induced coagulation activation. Circulation 1999; 100: 2485-2490
20. Gans H: Mechanism of heparin protection in endotoxin shock. Surgery 1975; 77:602-606
21. Filkins JP, Di Luzio NR: Heparin protection in endotoxin shock. Am J Physiol 1968; 214: 1074-1077
22. Griffin MP, Gore DC, Zwischenberger JB, et al: Does heparin improve survival in experimental porcine gram-negative septic shock? Circ Shock 1990; 31:343-349
23. Yang S, Hauptman JG: The efficacy of hepa-rin and antithrombin III in fluid-resuscitated cecal ligation and puncture. Shock 1994; 2:433-437
24. Gaskins RA Jr, Dalldorf FG: Experimental me- ningococcal septicemia. Effect of heparin therapy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1976; 100:318-324
25. Corrigan JJ Jr, Kiernat JF: Effect of heparin in experimental gram-negative septicemia. J Infect Dis 1975; 131:138-143
26. Davidson BL, Geerts WH, Lensing AW: Low-dose heparin for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:1036-1037
27. Polderman KH, Girbes AR: Drug intervention trials in sepsis: Divergent results. Lancet 2004; 363:1721-1723
28. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al: APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985; 13:818- 829
29. Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, et al: Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1589-1596
30. Glynn RJ, Schneeweiss S, Sturmer T: Indications for propensity scores and review of their use in pharmacoepidemiology. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 98:253-259
31. Luellen JK, Shadish WR, Clark MH: Propensity scores: An introduction and experimental test. Eval Rev 2005; 29:530-558
32. Parsons LS: SUGI 26: Reducing Bias in a Propensity Score Matched-Pair Sample Using Greedy Matching Techniques. The SAS Institute 2001; Available at: http://www2.sas.com/ proceedings/sugi26/p214-26.pdf. Accessed November 14, 2007
33. Breslow NW, Day NE: Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume 1. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC Scientific Publications No. 32), 1980, pp 138-146
34. Abraham E, Reinhart K, Opal S, et al: Efficacy and safety of tifacogin (recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor) in severe sepsis: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290:238-247
35. Schiffer ER, Reber G, De Moerloose P, et al: Evaluation of unfractionated heparin and re-combinant hirudin on survival in a sustained ovine endotoxin shock model. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:2689-2699
36. Schultz DR, Becker EL: The alteration of endotoxin by postheparin plasma and its purified fractions. I. Comparison of the ability of guinea pig postheparin and normal plasma to detoxify endotoxin. J Immunol 1967; 98: 473-481
37. Suissa S: Immortal time bias in observational studies of drug effects. Pharmacoepi-demiol Drug Saf 2007; 16:241-249
38. Connors AF Jr, Speroff T, Dawson NV, et al: The effectiveness of right heart catheteriza-tion in the initial care of critically ill patients. SUPPORT Investigators. JAMA 1996; 276:889-897