Relationship between service ecology, special observation and self-harm during acute in-patient care: City-128 study

British Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 193, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 395-401

  Bowers, Len ^a   Whittington, Richard ^b   Nolan, Peter ^c   Parkin, David ^a   Curtis, Sarah ^d   Bhui, Kamaldeep ^d   Hackney, Diane ^e   Allan, Teresa ^a   Simpson, Alan ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c STAFFORDSHIRE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e Independent Service User Researcher   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUTOMUTILATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; HEALTH PROGRAM; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; HUMAN; MALE; NURSING STAFF; PATIENT CARE; PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT;

ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; INPATIENTS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTALLY ILL PERSONS; NURSING STAFF, HOSPITAL; PATIENT CARE; PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT, HOSPITAL; PSYCHIATRIC NURSING; SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR;

EID: 55949135246     PISSN: 00071250     EISSN: 14721465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037721     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bowers L, Park A. Special observation in the care of psychiatric in-patients: a literature review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2001; 22: 769-86.
2. Goh SE, Salmons PH, Whittington RM. Hospital suicides: are there preventable factors? Profile of the psychiatric hospital suicide. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 154: 247-9.
3. Cutcliffe J, Barker P. Considering the care of the suicidal client and the case for 'engagement and inspiring hope' or observations'. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2002; 9: 611-21.
4. Gournay K, Bowers L. Suicide and self-harm in in-patient psychiatric units: a study of nursing issues in 31 cases. J Adv Nurs 2000; 32: 124-31.
5. National Confidential Inquiry. Avoidable Deaths: Five Year Report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental illness. University of Manchester, 2006.
6. Bowers L, Jarrett M, Clark N, Kiyimba F, McFarlane L. Absconding: nurses' views and reactions. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 1999; 6: 219-24.
7. Bowers L, Simpson A, Alexander J. Patient-staff conflict. Results of a survey on acute psychiatric wards. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2003; 38: 402-8.
8. Bongar B. The Suicidal Patient: Clinical and Legal Standards of Care. American Psychiatric Association, 1991.
9. Bowers L, Douzenis A, Galeazzi G, Forghieri M, Tsopelas C, Simpson A, Allan T. Disruptive and dangerous behaviour by patients on acute psychiatric wards in three European centres. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2005; 40: 822-8.
10. Bowers L, Flood C, Brennen G, LiPang M, Oladapo P. Preliminary outcomes of a trial to reduce conflict and containment on acute psychiatric wards: city nurses. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2006; 13, 165-72.
11. Bowers L, Allan T. The Attitude to Personality Disorder Questionnaire: psychometric properties and results. J Personal Disord 2006; 20: 281-93.
12. Moos R. Ward Atmosphere Scale Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, 1974.
13. Bass B, Avolio B. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Mind Garden, 1995.
14. Anderson N, West M. Team Climate Inventory (TCI): User's Guide. nferNelson, 1999.
15. Maslach C, Jackson S. The Maslach Burnout Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press, 1981.
16. Bowers L, Simpson A, Alexander J, Ryan C, Carr-walker P. Cultures of psychiatry and the professional socialization process: the case of containment methods for disturbed patients. Nurse Educ Today 2004; 24: 435-42.
17. Bowers L, Whittington R, Nolan P, Parkin D, Curtis S, Bhui K, Hackney D, Allan A, Simpson A, Flood C. The City 128 Study of Observation and Outcomes on Acute Psychiatric Wards. Report to the NHS SDO Programme. TSO (The Stationery Office), 2007.
18. Noble M, Wright G, Dibben C, Smith G, McLennan D, Anttila C, Barnes H, Covizzi I, Mokhtar C, Noble M, Avenell D, Gardner J, Lloyd M. The English Indices of Deprivation 2004. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2004.
19. Congdon P. Suicide and parasuicide in London: a small-area study. Urban Stud 1996; 33: 137-58.
20. Whitley E, Gunnell D, Dorling D, Davey-Smith G. Ecological study of social fragmentation, poverty, and suicide. BMJ 1999; 319: 1034-7.
21. Ukoumunne OC, Gulliford M, Chinn S, Sterne J, Burney P. Methods for evaluating area-wide and organisation-based interventions in health and health care: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 1999; 3: iii-92.
22. Kiely J. Some conceptual problems in multivariable analysis of perinatal mortality. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1991; 5: 243-57.
23. Goldstein H, Browne W, Rasbash J. Partitioning variation in multilevel models. Understanding Stat 2007; 1: 223-31.
24. Bowers L, Gournay K, Duffy D. Suicide and self-harm in inpatient psychiatric units: a national survey of observation policies. J Adv Nurs 2000; 32: 437-44.
25. Richmond I, Dandridge L, Jones K. Changing nursing practice to prevent elopement. J Nurs Care Qual 1991; 6: 73-81.
26. Moran JC. An alternative to constant observation: the behavioural checklist, perspectives in psychiatric care. J Nurs Psychotherapists 1979; 17: 114-7.
27. Bowers L, Simpson A, Alexander J, Ryan C, Carr-Walker P. Student psychiatric nurses' approval of containment measures: relationship to perception of aggression and attitudes to personality disorder. Int J Nurs Stud 2007; 44: 357-64.
28. Department of Health. Safer Services. National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. TSO (The Stationery Office), 1999.
29. Bowers L. Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder: Response and Role of the Psychiatric Team. Routledge, 2002.
30. Morgan HG, Priest P. Suicide and other unexpected deaths among psychiatric in-patients. The Bristol confidential inquiry. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158: 368-74.
31. Neeleman J, Wilson-Jones C, Wessely S. Ethnic density and deliberate self-harm: small area study in south-east London. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55: 85-90.
32. Johnston A, Cooper J, Webb R, Kapur N. Individual- and area-level predictors of self-harm repetition. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 189: 416-21.
33. Rehkopf D, Buka S. The association between suicide and the socio-economic characteristics of geographical areas. Psychol Med 2006; 36: 145-57.
34. Gunnell D, Peters T, Kammerling R, Brooks J. Relation between parasuicide, suicide, psychiatric admissions, and socio-economic deprivation. BMJ 1995; 311: 226-30.
35. Hawton K, Harris L, Hodder K, Simkin S, Gunnell D. The influence of the economic and social environment on deliberate self-harm and suicide: an ecological and person-based study. Psychol Med 2001; 31: 827-36.
36. Agerbo E, Mortensen P, Eriksson T, Qin P, Westergaard-Nielsen N. Risk of suicide in relation to income level in people admitted to hospital with mental illness: nested case control study. BMJ 2001; 322: 334-5.
37. Bennewith O, Gunnell D, Peters T, Hawton K, House A. Variations in the hospital management of self-harm in adults in England: observational study. BMJ 2004; 328: 1108-9.
38. Bowers, L, Allan, T, Simpson, A, Nijman, H, Warren, J. Adverse incidents, patient flow and nursing workforce variables on acute psychiatric wards: The Tompkins Acute Ward Study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2005; 53: 75-84.
39. Department of Health. Safety First. Five-Year Report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental illness. Department of Health, 2001.
40. King EA, Baldwin DS, Sinclair JMA, Baker NG, Campbell MJ, Thompson C. The Wessex Recent In-Patient Suicide Study, I. Case-control study of 234 recently discharged psychiatric patient suicides. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 531-6.
41. Healthcare Commission. Count Me In 2007. The Results of the 2007 National Census of Inpatients in Mental Health and Learning Disability Services in England and Wales. Healthcare Commission, 2007.