메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 415-420

Evaluation of trace metals in tobacco of local and imported cigarette brands used in pakistan by spectrophotometer through microwave digestion

Author keywords

Cigarette; Microwave digestion; Pakistan; Spectrophotometer; Trace metal

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; COBALT; COPPER; LEAD; MANGANESE; TRACE METAL; ZINC;

EID: 55949087181     PISSN: 03881350     EISSN: 18803989     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2131/jts.33.415     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (25)
  • 1
    • 18144419716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of cadmium and lead in different cigarette brands in Jordan
    • Adnan, M.M., Feras, Q.A. and Qasem, M.J. (2005): Determination of cadmium and lead in different cigarette brands in Jordan. J. Environ. Monit. Assess., 104, 163-170.
    • (2005) J. Environ. Monit. Assess , vol.104 , pp. 163-170
    • Adnan, M.M.1    Feras, Q.A.2    Qasem, M.J.3
  • 2
    • 14744295081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of trace metals in water and sediment from Tyume River and its effects on an irrigated farmland
    • Awofolu, O.R., Mbolekwa, Z., Mtshemla, V. and Fatoki, O.S. (2005): Levels of trace metals in water and sediment from Tyume River and its effects on an irrigated farmland. Water S. A., 31(1), 87-94.
    • (2005) Water S. A , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-94
    • Awofolu, O.R.1    Mbolekwa, Z.2    Mtshemla, V.3    Fatoki, O.S.4
  • 5
    • 0025051034 scopus 로고
    • Social and behavioral factors associated with high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents
    • Biglan, A., Metzler, C.W., Wirt, R., Ary, D., Noell, J., Ochs, L., French, C. and Hood, D. (1990): Social and behavioral factors associated with high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents. J. Behavior. Med., 13, 245-61.
    • (1990) J. Behavior. Med , vol.13 , pp. 245-261
    • Biglan, A.1    Metzler, C.W.2    Wirt, R.3    Ary, D.4    Noell, J.5    Ochs, L.6    French, C.7    Hood, D.8
  • 6
    • 26344440860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal toxicology
    • Ballantyne, B, Marrs, T. and Syversen, T. eds, pp, London, Macmillan Reference Ltd, Donfrancesco, A, Deb, G, De Si o, L, Cozza, R
    • Dock, L. and Vahter, M. (1999): Metal toxicology. In: General and Applied Toxicology (Ballantyne, B., Marrs, T. and Syversen, T. eds.), pp 2049-2078, London, Macmillan Reference Ltd., Donfrancesco, A., Deb, G., De Si o, L., Cozza, R.
    • (1999) General and Applied Toxicology , pp. 2049-2078
    • Dock, L.1    Vahter, M.2
  • 7
    • 27144501168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollution impacts of cigarette consumption on indoor air quality in Nigeria
    • Ebisike, K., Ayejuyo, O.O., Sonibare, J.A., Ogunkunle, O.A. and Ojumu, T.V. (2004): Pollution impacts of cigarette consumption on indoor air quality in Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci., 4, 623-629.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Sci , vol.4 , pp. 623-629
    • Ebisike, K.1    Ayejuyo, O.O.2    Sonibare, J.A.3    Ogunkunle, O.A.4    Ojumu, T.V.5
  • 8
    • 0020660246 scopus 로고
    • Lead and cadmium levels in blood samples from the general population of Sweden
    • Elinder, C.G., Friberg, L., Lind, B. and Jawaid, M. (1983): Lead and cadmium levels in blood samples from the general population of Sweden. J. Environ. Res., 30, 233-253.
    • (1983) J. Environ. Res , vol.30 , pp. 233-253
    • Elinder, C.G.1    Friberg, L.2    Lind, B.3    Jawaid, M.4
  • 9
    • 21844450900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxicity of inhaled manganese: Public health danger in the shower
    • Eisner, R.J.F. and Spangler, J.G. (2005): Neurotoxicity of inhaled manganese: public health danger in the shower? J. Med. Hypotheses., 65, 607-616.
    • (2005) J. Med. Hypotheses , vol.65 , pp. 607-616
    • Eisner, R.J.F.1    Spangler, J.G.2
  • 10
    • 2042418998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does environmental exposure to manganese pose a health risk to healthy adults
    • Finley, J.W. (2004): Does environmental exposure to manganese pose a health risk to healthy adults? J. Nutr. Rev., 62, 148-153.
    • (2004) J. Nutr. Rev , vol.62 , pp. 148-153
    • Finley, J.W.1
  • 11
    • 4143062086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke
    • Fowles, J. and Dybing, E. (2003): Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke. J. Tob. Control., 12, 424-430.
    • (2003) J. Tob. Control , vol.12 , pp. 424-430
    • Fowles, J.1    Dybing, E.2
  • 12
    • 0026590477 scopus 로고
    • Sexual behavior, smoking and HIV-1 infection in Haitian women
    • Halsey, N.A., Coberly, J.S. and Halt, E. (1992): Sexual behavior, smoking and HIV-1 infection in Haitian women. JAMA., 267, 2062-2066.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 2062-2066
    • Halsey, N.A.1    Coberly, J.S.2    Halt, E.3
  • 16
    • 43149083870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical process control procedure for controlling moisture content in tobacco
    • Mukhopadhyay, A.R. (2001): Statistical process control procedure for controlling moisture content in tobacco. J. Total Quality Management., 12, 299-306.
    • (2001) J. Total Quality Management , vol.12 , pp. 299-306
    • Mukhopadhyay, A.R.1
  • 18
    • 27144550868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium determination in cigarettes available in Nigeria
    • Nnorom, I.C., Osibanjo, O. and OJI-Nnorom, C.G. (2005): Cadmium determination in cigarettes available in Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4, 1128-1132.
    • (2005) Afr. J. Biotechnol , vol.4 , pp. 1128-1132
    • Nnorom, I.C.1    Osibanjo, O.2    OJI-Nnorom, C.G.3
  • 20
    • 20544443703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manganese acts to stimulate luteinizing hormone secretion: A potential influence on female pubertal development
    • Pine, M., Lee, B., Dearth, R., Hiney, J.K. and Dees, W.L. (2005): Manganese acts to stimulate luteinizing hormone secretion: A potential influence on female pubertal development. J. Toxicol. Sci., 85, 880-885.
    • (2005) J. Toxicol. Sci , vol.85 , pp. 880-885
    • Pine, M.1    Lee, B.2    Dearth, R.3    Hiney, J.K.4    Dees, W.L.5
  • 21
    • 55949090209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, 2004, World population prospects: the 2004 revision and world urbanization prospects. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat
    • Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. (2004): World population prospects: the 2004 revision and world urbanization prospects. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat.
  • 22
    • 1842421097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Santon, A., Albergoni, V., Stumiolo, G.C. and Irato, P. (2004): Evaluation of MT expression and detection of apoptotic cells in LEC rat kidneys. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Basis Dis., 1688, 223-231.
    • Santon, A., Albergoni, V., Stumiolo, G.C. and Irato, P. (2004): Evaluation of MT expression and detection of apoptotic cells in LEC rat kidneys. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Basis Dis., 1688, 223-231.
  • 23
    • 0003448477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Health Consequences of Smoking
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking:A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004.
    • (2004) A Report of the Surgeon General
  • 24
    • 55949132801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO (2002): The World Health Report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life. (Geneva, Switzerland: W.H.O).
    • WHO (2002): The World Health Report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life. (Geneva, Switzerland: W.H.O).
  • 25
    • 1642367415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excessive zinc intake elevates systemic blood pressure levels in normotensive rats-potential role of superoxide-induced oxidative stress
    • Yanagisawa, H., Sato, M., Nodera, M. and Wada, O. (2004): Excessive zinc intake elevates systemic blood pressure levels in normotensive rats-potential role of superoxide-induced oxidative stress. J. Hypertens., 22, 543-550.
    • (2004) J. Hypertens , vol.22 , pp. 543-550
    • Yanagisawa, H.1    Sato, M.2    Nodera, M.3    Wada, O.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.