Vascular access in oncology patients

CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians

Volumn 58, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 323-346

  Gallieni, Maurizio ^a,b   Pittiruti, Mauro ^c,d   Biffi, Roberto ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b SAN PAOLO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^c CNR   (Italy)

^d CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^e EUROPEAN INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CAPECITABINE; CHLORHEXIDINE PLUS SULFADIAZINE; ENOXAPARIN; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; FONDAPARINUX; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; MACROGOL; MINOCYCLINE PLUS RIFAMPICIN; POLITEF; POLYURETHAN; SILICONE; TITANIUM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UROKINASE; WARFARIN; XIMELAGATRAN;

ARTERY INJURY; BACTEREMIA; BLEEDING; BLOOD VESSEL INJURY; CANCER PATIENT; CANNULATION; CATHETER CARE; CATHETER COMPLICATION; CATHETER INFECTION; CATHETER OCCLUSION; CATHETERIZATION; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG COATING; DRUG INFUSION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HEMATOTHORAX; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; LOW DRUG DOSE; MONOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NEOPLASM; NURSING CARE; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PATIENT EDUCATION; PERIPHERALLY INSERTED CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; PHLEBITIS; PNEUMOTHORAX; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; THORAX DRAINAGE; THROMBOSIS; TREATMENT PLANNING; ULTRASOUND; VASCULAR ACCESS; VASCULAR ACCESS DEVICE; VEIN THROMBOSIS;

CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; CATHETERIZATION; CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS; CATHETERIZATION, PERIPHERAL; CATHETERS, INDWELLING; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 55849093229     PISSN: 00079235     EISSN: 15424863     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3322/CA.2008.0015     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Ryder MA. Peripheral access options. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 1995;4:395-427.
2. Scott WL. Central venous catheters. An overview of Food and Drug Administration activities. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 1995;4:377-393.
3. Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario. Nursing Best Practice Guidelines. Project: Assessment and Device Selection for Vascular Access. Available at: www.rnao.org/bestpractices. Accessed July 14, 2008.
4. Bishop L, Dougherty L, Bodenham A, et al. Guidelines on the insertion and management of central venous access devices in adults. Int J Lab Hematol 2007;29:261-278.
5. Royal College of Nursing IV Therapy Forum. Standards for Infusion Therapy. London, UK: Royal College of Nursing; 2005. Available at: http://www.rcn.org.uk/_data/assets/pdf_file/0005/78593/002179.pdf. Accessed August 15, 2008.
6. Infusion Nurses Society. Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice. J Infus Nurs 2006;29(suppl):S1-S92.
7. Barton AJ, Danek G, Johns P, Coons M. Improving patient outcomes through CQI: vascular access planning. J Nurs Care Qual 1998;13:77-85.
8. Boland A, Haycox A, Bagust A, Fitzsimmons L. A randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Hickman line insertions in adult cancer patients by nurses. Health Technol Assess 2003;7:1-99.
9. Goossens GA, Vrebos M, Stas M, et al. Central vascular access devices in oncology and hematology considered from a different point of view: how do patients experience their vascular access ports? J Infus Nurs 2005;28:61-67.
10. Ryder M. Evidence-based practice in the management of vascular access devices for home parenteral nutrition therapy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006;30:S82-S93, S98-S99.
11. Raad I, Davis S, Becker M, et al. Low infection rate and long durability of nontunneled silastic catheters. A safe and cost-effective alternative for long-term venous access. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:1791-1796.
12. Whitman ED. Complications associated with the use of central venous access devices. Curr Probl Surg 1996;33:309-378.
13. Galloway S, Bodenham A. Long-term central venous access. Br J Anaesth 2004;92:722-734.
14. Horattas MC, Trupiano J, Hopkins S, et al. Changing concepts in long-term central venous access: catheter selection and cost savings. Am J Infect Control 2001;29:32-40.
15. Safdar N, Maki DG. Risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection with peripherally inserted central venous catheters used in hospitalized patients. Chest 2005;128:489-495.
16. Maki DG, Kluger DM, Crnich CJ. The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: a systematic review of 200 published prospective studies. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:1159-1171.
17. Pratt RJ, Pellowe CM, Wilson JA, et al. epic2: National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. J Hosp Infect 2007;65(suppl):S1-S64.
18. Pittiruti M, Migliorini I, Emoli A, et al. Preventing central venous catheter related infections: catheter site selection and insertion technique significantly affect the chances of adequate catheter site care [abstract]. Intensive Care Med 2007;33(suppl):S13.
19. Pratt RJ, Pellowe C, Loveday HP, et al. The epic project: developing national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare associated infections. Phase I: Guidelines for preventing hospital-acquired infections. Department of Health (England). J Hosp Infect 2001;47(suppl):S3-S82.
20. Randolph AG, Cook DJ, Gonzales CA, Andrew M. Benefit of heparin in peripheral venous and arterial catheters: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 1998;316:969-975.
21. Biffi R, De Braud F, Orsi F, et al. A randomized, prospective trial of central venous ports connected to standard open-ended or Groshong catheters in adult oncology patients. Cancer 2001;92:1204-1212.
22. Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51:1-36.
23. Dezfulian C, Lavelle J, Nallamothu BK, et al. Rates of infection for single-lumen versus multilumen central venous catheters: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2003;31:2385-2390.
24. Farkas JC, Liu N, Bleriot JP, et al. Singleversus triple-lumen central catheter-related sepsis: a prospective randomized study in a critically ill population. Am J Med 1992;93:277-282.
25. Knutstad K, Hager B, Hauser M. Radiologic diagnosis and management of complications related to central venous access. Acta Radiol 2003;44:508-516.
26. Grove JR, Pevec WC. Venous thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheters. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2000;11:837-840.
27. Schierholz JM, Rump AF, Pulverer G, Beuth J. Anti-infective catheters: novel strategies to prevent nosocomial infections in oncology. Anticancer Res 1998;18:3629-3638.
28. Crnich CJ, Halfmann JA, Crone WC, Maki DG. The effects of prolonged ethanol exposure on the mechanical properties of polyurethane and silicone catheters used for intravascular access. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005;26:708-714.
29. Curelaru I, Gustavsson B, Hansson AH, et al. Material thrombogenicity in central venous catheterization II. A comparison between plain silicone elastomer, and plain polyethylene, long, antebrachial catheters. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1983;27:158-164.
30. Linder LE, Curelaru I, Gustavsson B, et al. Material thrombogenicity in central venous catheterization: a comparison between soft, antebrachial catheters of silicone elastomer and polyurethane. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1984;8:399-406.
31. Hockenhull JC, Dwan K, Boland A, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of central venous catheters treated with anti-infective agents in preventing bloodstream infections: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2008;12:1-154.
32. Zürcher M, Tramèr M, Walder B. Colonization and bloodstream infection with single- versus multilumen central venous catheters: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 2004;99:177-182.
33. Turcotte S, Dubé S, Beauchamp G. Peripherally inserted central venous catheters are not superior to central venous catheters in the acute care of surgical patients on the ward. World J Surg 2006;30:1605-1619.
34. Cortelezzi A, Moia M, Falanga A, et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in patients with haematological malignancies with central venous catheters: a prospective multicentre study. Br J Haematol 2005;129:811-817.
35. Pittiruti M, Malerba M, Carriero C, et al. Which is the easiest and safest technique for central venous access? A retrospective survey of more than 5,400 cases. J Vasc Access 2000;1:100-107.
36. Randolph AG, Cook DJ, Gonzales CA, Pribble CG. Ultrasound guidance for placement of central venous catheters: a meta-analysis of the literature. Crit Care Med 1996;24:2053-2058.
37. Hind D, Calvert N, McWilliams R, et al. Ultrasonic locating devices for central venous cannulation: meta-analysis. BMJ 2003;327:361.
38. Calvert N, Hind D, McWilliams R, et al. Ultrasound for central venous cannulation: economic evaluation of cost-effectiveness. Anaesthesia 2004;59:1116-1120.
39. Lefrant JY, Cuvillon P, Bénézet JF, et al. Pulsed Doppler ultrasonography guidance for catheterization of the subclavian vein: a randomized study. Anesthesiology 1998;88:1195-1201.
40. Bold RJ, Winchester DJ, Madary AR, et al. Prospective, randomized trial of Doppler-assisted subclavian vein catheterization. Arch Surg 1998;133:1089-1093.
41. NICE. Technology Appraisal No. 49: Guidance on the use of ultrasound locating devices for placing central venous catheters. Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/Ultrasound_49_GUIDANCE.pdf#null. Accessed August 15, 2008.
42. Wigmore TJ, Smythe JF, Hacking MB, et al. Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre. Br J Anaesth 2007;99:662-665.
43. Slama M, Novara A, Safavian A, et al. Improvement of internal jugular vein cannulation using an ultrasound-guided technique. Intensive Care Med 1997;23:916-919.
44. Karakitsos D, Labropoulos N, De Groot E, et al. Real-time ultrasound-guided catheterisation of the internal jugular vein: a prospective comparison with the landmark technique in critical care patients. Crit Care 2006;10:R162.
45. Leung J, Duffy M, Finckh A. Real-time ultrasonographically-guided internal jugular vein catheterization in the emergency department increases success rates and reduces complications: a randomized, prospective study. Ann Emerg Med 2006;48:540-547.
46. Orsi F, Grasso RF, Arnaldi P, et al. Ultrasound guided versus direct vein puncture in central venous port placement. J Vasc Access 2000;1:73-77.
47. Verghese ST, McGill WA, Patel RI, et al. Ultrasound-guided internal jugular venous cannulation in infants: a prospective comparison with the traditional palpation method. Anesthesiology 1999;91:71-77.
48. Gallieni M. Central vein catheterization of dialysis patients with real time ultrasound guidance. J Vasc Access 2000;1:10-14.
49. Hamilton HC, Foxcroft DR. Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection in patients requiring long-term intravenous therapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;3:CD004084.
50. Schwarz RE, Coit DG, Groeger JS. Transcutaneously tunneled central venous lines in cancer patients: an analysis of device-related morbidity factors based on prospective data collection. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7:441-449.
51. III. NKF-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Access: update 2000. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;37(suppl):S137-S181.
52. Chu KS, Hsu JH, Wang SS, et al. Accurate central venous port-A catheter placement: intravenous electrocardiography and surface landmark techniques compared by using transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg 2004;98:910-914.
53. McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1123-1133.
54. Merrer J, De Jonghe B, Golliot F, et al. Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001;286:700-707.
55. Sznajder JI, Zveibil FR, Bitterman H, et al. Central vein catheterization. Failure and complication rates by three percutaneous approaches. Arch Intern Med 1986;146:259-261.
56. Lucey B, Varghese JC, Haslam P, Lee MJ. Routine chest radiographs after central line insertion: mandatory postprocedural evaluation or unnecessary waste of resources? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1999;22:381-384.
57. Lanza C, Russo M, Fabrizzi G. Central venous cannulation: are routine chest radiographs necessary after B-mode and colour Doppler sonography check? Pediatr Radiol 2006;36:1252-1256.
58. Bradley M, Williams C, Walshaw MJ. The value of routine expiratory chest films in the diagnosis of pneumothorax. Arch Emerg Med 1991;8:115-116.
59. Giacomini M, Iapichino G, Armani S, et al. How to avoid and manage a pneumothorax. J Vasc Access 2006;7:7-14.
60. Soulsby T. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax: do we comply with them and do they work? J Accid Emerg Med 1998;15:317-321.
61. Sahn SA, Heffner JE. Spontaneous pneumothorax. N Engl J Med 2000;342:868-874.
62. Martin T, Fontana G, Olak J, Ferguson M. Use of pleural catheter for the management of simple pneumothorax. Chest 1996;110:1169-1172.
63. Vescia S, Baumgärtner AK, Jacobs VR, et al. Management of venous port systems in oncology: a review of current evidence. Ann Oncol 2008;19:9-15.
64. Biffi R, de Braud F, Orsi F, et al. Totally implantable central venous access ports for long-term chemotherapy. A prospective study analyzing complications and costs of 333 devices with a minimum follow-up of 180 days. Ann Oncol 1998;9:767-773.
65. Yildizeli B, Laçin T, Batirel HF, Yüksel M. Complications and management of long-term central venous access catheters and ports. J Vasc Access 2004;5:174-178.
66. Araújo C, Silva JP, Antunes P, et al. A comparative study between two central veins for the introduction of totally implantable venous access devices in 1201 cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008;34:222-226.
67. Jensen MO. Anatomical basis of central venous catheter fracture. Clin Anat 2008;21:106-110.
68. Kassner E. Evaluation and treatment of chemotherapy extravasation injuries. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2000;17:135-148.
69. Ener RA, Meglather y SB, Styler M. Extravasation of systemic hemato-oncological therapies. Ann Oncol 2004;15:858-862.
70. Bozkurt AK, Uzel B, Akman C, et al. Intrathoracic extravasation of antineoplastic agents: case report and systematic review. Am J Clin Oncol 2003;26:121-123.
71. Richards MJ, Edwards JR, Culver DH, et al. Nosocomial infections in combined medical-surgical intensive care units in the United States. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:510-515.
72. Bouza E, Burillo A, Muñoz P. Catheter-related infections: diagnosis and intravascular treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002;8:265-274.
73. Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sherertz RJ, et al. Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:1249-1272.
74. Raad I, Hanna H, Maki D. Intravascular catheter-related infections: advances in diagnosis, prevention, and management. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:645-657.
75. O'Grady NP, Alexander M, Dellinger EP, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 2002;51(RR-10):1-29.
76. Deshpande KS, Hatem C, Ulrich HL, et al. The incidence of infectious complications of central venous catheters at the subclavian, internal jugular, and femoral sites in an intensive care unit population. Crit Care Med 2005;33:13-20.
77. Kuter DJ. Thrombotic complications of central venous catheters in cancer patients. Oncologist 2004;9:207-216.
78. Campisi C, Biffi R, Pittiruti M. Catheter-related central venous thrombosis: the development of a nationwide consensus paper in Italy. JAVA 2007;12:38-46.
79. Lindblad B, Sternby NH, Bergqvist D. Incidence of venous thromboembolism verified by necropsy over 30 years. BMJ 1991;302:709-711.
80. Verso M, Agnelli G. Venous thromboembolism associated with long-term use of central venous catheters in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3665-3675.
81. Biffi R, Pozzi S, Agazzi A, et al. Use of totally implantable central venous access ports for high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: results of a monocentre series of 376 patients. Ann Oncol 2004;15:296-300.
82. Zuha R, Price T, Powles R, Treleaven J. Paradoxical emboli after central venous catheter removal. Ann Oncol 2000;11:885-886.
83. Heaton DC, Han DY, Inder A. Minidose (1 mg) warfarin as prophylaxis for central vein catheter thrombosis. Intern Med J 2002;32:84-88.
84. Monreal M, Alastrue A, Rull M, et al. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in cancer patients with venous access devices - prophylaxis with a low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin). Thromb Haemost 1996;75:251-253.
85. Karthaus M, Kretzschmar A, Kröning H, et al. Dalteparin for prevention of catheter-related complications in cancer patients with central venous catheters: final results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Ann Oncol 2006;17:289-296.
86. Chan A, Iannucci A, Dager WE. Systemic anticoagulant prophylaxis for central catheter-associated venous thrombosis in cancer patients. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:635-641.
87. Agnelli G, Verso M. Therapy Insight: venous-catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2006;3:214-222.
88. Fagnani D, Franchi R, Porta C, et al. Thrombosis-related complications and mortality in cancer patients with central venous devices: an observational study on the effect of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Ann Oncol 2007;18:551-555.
89. van Rooden CJ, Schippers EF, Barge RM, et al. Infectious complications of central venous catheters increase the risk of catheter-related thrombosis in hematology patients: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2655-2660.
90. Pector JC. Vascular access problems. Support Care Cancer 1998;6:20-22.
91. Keohane PP, Jones BJ, Attrill H, et al. Effect of catheter tunnelling and a nutrition nurse on catheter sepsis during parenteral nutrition. A controlled trial. Lancet 1983;2:1388-1390.
92. Dougherty L. Maintaining vascular access devices: the nurse's role. Support Care Cancer 1998;6:23-30.
93. Arch P. Port navigation: let the journey begin. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2007;11:485-488.
94. Maki DG, Ringer M. Risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with small peripheral venous catheters. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:845-854.
95. Gallieni M. Transparent film for intravascular catheter exit-site dressings. J Vasc Access 2004;5:69-75.
96. Ho KM, Litton E. Use of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing to prevent vascular and epidural catheter colonization and infection: a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58:281-287.
97. Kuo YS, Schwartz B, Santiago J, et al. How often should a port-A-cath be flushed? Cancer Invest 2005;23:582-585.
98. Cancer Nurses Society of Australia. Central Venous Access Devices: Principles for Nursing Practice and Education. Summary and Recommendations. Available at: http://www.cnsa.org.au/documents/ CNSA%20CVAD%20Principles%20Summary.pdf. Accessed July 21, 2008.
99. Bow EJ, Kilpatrick MG, Clinch JJ. Totally implantable venous access ports systems for patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tissue malignancies: A randomized controlled clinical trial examining the safety, efficacy, costs, and impact on quality of life. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1267.
100. Chenecky C. Satisfaction versus dissatisfaction with venous access devices in outpatient oncology: a pilot study. Oncol Nurs Forum 2001;28:1613-1616.
101. Koonings PP, Given FT Jr. Long-term experience with a totally implanted catheter system in gynecologic oncologic patients. J Am Coll Surg 1994;178:164-166.
102. McCready D, Broadwater R, Ross M, et al. A case-control comparison of durability and cost between implanted reservoir and percutaneous catheters in cancer patients. J Surg Res 1991;51:377-381.
103. Mueller BU, Skelton J, Callender DP. A prospective randomized trial comparing the infectious and noninfectious complications of an externalized catheter versus a subcutaneously implanted device in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:1943-1948.
104. Broadwater JR, Henderson MA, Bell JL. Outpatient percutaneous central venous access in cancer patients. Am J Surg 1990;160:676-680.
105. Schuman E, Brady A, Gross G, Hayes J. Vascular access options for outpatient cancer therapy. Am J Surg 1987;153:487-489.
106. Folprecht G, Köhne CH. The role of new agents in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Oncology 2004;66:1-17.
107. Mackean M, Planting A, Twelves C, et al. Phase I and pharmacologic study of intermittent twice-daily oral therapy with capecitabine in patients with advanced and/or metastatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:2977-2985.
108. Efficacy of intravenous continuous infusion of fluorouracil compared with bolus administration in advanced colorectal cancer. Meta-analysis Group In Cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:301-308.
109. Chau I, Norman AR, Cunningham D, et al. A randomised comparison between 6 months of bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin and 12 weeks of protracted venous infusion fluorouracil as adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2005;16:549-557.
110. Twelves C, Gollins S, Grieve R, Samuel L. A randomised cross-over trial comparing patient preference for oral capecitabine and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin regimens in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2006;17:239-245.