Consolidation settlements above deep tunnels in fractured crystalline rock: Part 2-Numerical analysis of the Gotthard highway tunnel case study

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Volumn 45, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1211-1225

  Zangerl, C ^a,b   Eberhardt, E ^a,c   Evans, K F ^a   Loew, S ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b alpS Zentrum fur Naturgefahren Management   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Brittle fault zones; Coupled hydro mechanical behaviour; Distinct element method; Gotthard tunnel; Poroelasticity; Rock mass consolidation; Subsidence; Tunnel drainage

Indexed keywords

CONTINUUM MECHANICS; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; GROUNDWATER; NUMERICAL MODELS; ROCK MECHANICS; SUBSIDENCE; TUNNELS;

BRITTLE FAULT ZONE; COUPLED HYDRO MECHANICALS; COUPLED HYDRO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; DISTINCT ELEMENT METHODS; GOTTHARD TUNNEL; HYDROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR; PORO-ELASTICITY; ROCK MASS CONSOLIDATION; ROCK-MASS; TUNNEL DRAINAGE;

DRAINAGE;

CONSOLIDATION; CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; CRYSTALLINE ROCK; DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD; DISPLACEMENT; FAULT ZONE; GROUND CONDITIONS; GROUND SETTLEMENT; NUMERICAL MODEL; SUBSIDENCE; TUNNELING; UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION;

CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; GOTTHARD TUNNEL; SWITZERLAND;

EID: 55749092917     PISSN: 13651609     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.02.005     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Zangerl C. Analysis of surface subsidence in crystalline rocks above the Gotthard highway tunnel, Switzerland. PhD thesis, ETH Zurich; 2003. 190p.
2. Itasca. UDEC-universal distinct element code, version 3.1. Minneapolis: Itasca Consulting Group; 2000.
3. Zangerl C., Eberhardt E., and Loew S. Ground settlements above tunnels in fractured crystalline rock: numerical analysis of coupled hydro-mechanical mechanisms. Hydrogeol J 11 1 (2003) 162-173
4. Zangerl C., Loew S., and Eberhardt E. Structure, geometry and formation of brittle discontinuities in anisotropic crystalline rocks of the Central Gotthard Massif, Switzerland. Eclogae Geol Helv 99 (2006) 271-290
5. Zangerl C, Evans KF, Eberhardt E, Loew S. Normal stiffness of fractures in granitic rock: a compilation of laboratory and in-situ experiments. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2008, in press, doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.02.001.
6. Bandis S.C., Lumsden A.C., and Barton N.R. Fundamentals of rock joint deformation. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 20 6 (1983) 249-268
7. Evans K.F., Kohl T., Rybach L., and Hopkirk R.J. The effects of fracture normal compliance on the long term circulation behaviour of a Hot Dry Rock reservoir: a parameter study using the new fully-coupled code FRACTure. Trans Geotherm Resources Council 16 (1992) 449-456
8. Jung R. Hydraulic in situ investigations of an artificial fracture in the Falkenberg granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 26 3-4 (1989) 301-308
9. Yoshinaka R., Yoshida J., Arai H., and Arisaka S. Scale effects on shear strength and deformability of rock joints. In: Pinto da Cunha A. (Ed). Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on scale effects in rock masses, Lisbon (1993), Balkema, Rotterdam 143-149
10. Barton N. The shear strength of rock and rock joints. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 13 9 (1976) 255-279
11. Byerlee J.D. Friction of rocks. Pure Appl Geophys 116 4-5 (1978) 615-626
12. Ehrbar H., and Pfenniger I. Umsetzung der Geologie in technische Massnahmen im Tavetscher Zwischenmassiv Nord. In: Loew S., and Wyss R. (Eds). Vorerkundung, und Prognose der Basistunnels am Gotthard und am Lötschberg, Zurich (1999), Balkema, Rotterdam 381-394
13. Luetzenkirchen VH. Structural geology and hydrogeology of brittle fault zones in the central and eastern Gotthard massif, Switzerland. PhD thesis, ETH Zurich; 2003. 264p.
14. Kastrup U., Zoback M.L., Deichmann N., Evans K.F., Giardini D., and Michael A.J. Stress field variations in the Swiss Alps and the northern Alpine foreland derived from inversion of fault plane solutions. J Geophys Res 109 B01402 (2004) 10.1029/2003JB002550
15. VIPS. VISAGE-vectorial implementation of structural analysis and geotechnical engineering, version 8.7. Bracknell, UK: Vector International Processing Systems Limited; 2003.
16. Eberhardt E., Evans K., Zangerl C., and Loew S. Consolidation settlements above deep tunnels in fractured crystalline rock: numerical analysis of coupled hydromechanical mechanisms. In: Stephansson O., et al. (Ed). Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes in geo-system (2004), Elsevier, Amsterdam 759-764
17. Ebneter F. Geodätische Überwachung Sedrun-Faido. Geologie und Geotechnik der Basistunnels am Gotthard und am Lötschberg. In: Loew S. (Ed). Proceedings of the symposium geologie AlpTransit, Zürich (2006), vdf Hochschulverlag AG, Zürich
18. Jones M., and Mathiesen E. Pore pressure change and compaction in North Sea chalk hydrocarbon reservoirs. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 30 7 (1993) 1205-1208
19. Mossop A., and Segall P. Subsidence at the Geysers geothermal field, N. California from comparison of GPS and levelling surveys. Geophys Res Lett 24 14 (1997) 1839-1842