메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 1166-1178

The effects of strength training on finger strength and hand dexterity in healthy elderly individuals

Author keywords

Age; Finger; Force production; Strength training; Synergy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FINGER; HAND FUNCTION; HAND MUSCLE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE TRAINING; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; TASK PERFORMANCE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; HAND; HAND STRENGTH; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; PHYSIOLOGY; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

EID: 55449100880     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00054.2008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (77)
  • 3
    • 0036231738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of strength training on control of force in older men and women
    • Bellew JW. The effect of strength training on control of force in older men and women. Aging Clin Exp Res 14: 35-41, 2002.
    • (2002) Aging Clin Exp Res , vol.14 , pp. 35-41
    • Bellew, J.W.1
  • 7
    • 0017191493 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional force analysis of finger joints in selected isometric hand functions
    • Chao EY, Opgrande JD, Axmear FE. Three-dimensional force analysis of finger joints in selected isometric hand functions. J Biomech 9: 387-396, 1976.
    • (1976) J Biomech , vol.9 , pp. 387-396
    • Chao, E.Y.1    Opgrande, J.D.2    Axmear, F.E.3
  • 8
    • 33750315845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related directional bias of fingertip force
    • Cole KJ. Age-related directional bias of fingertip force. Exp Brain Res 175: 285-291, 2006.
    • (2006) Exp Brain Res , vol.175 , pp. 285-291
    • Cole, K.J.1
  • 9
    • 0031822190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tactile impairements cannot explain the effect of age on a grasp and lift
    • Cole KJ, Rotella DL, Harper JG. Tactile impairements cannot explain the effect of age on a grasp and lift. Exp Brain Res 121: 263-269, 1998.
    • (1998) Exp Brain Res , vol.121 , pp. 263-269
    • Cole, K.J.1    Rotella, D.L.2    Harper, J.G.3
  • 10
    • 0033560903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for age-related changes of fingertip forces during precision gripping and lifting in adults
    • Cole KJ, Rotella DL, Harper JG. Mechanisms for age-related changes of fingertip forces during precision gripping and lifting in adults. J Neurosci 19: 3238-3247, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 3238-3247
    • Cole, K.J.1    Rotella, D.L.2    Harper, J.G.3
  • 11
    • 0034163347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of fatigue on multifinger co-ordination in force production tasks in humans
    • Danion F, Latash ML, Li ZM, Zatsiorsky VM. The effect of fatigue on multifinger co-ordination in force production tasks in humans. J Physiol 523: 523-532, 2000.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.523 , pp. 523-532
    • Danion, F.1    Latash, M.L.2    Li, Z.M.3    Zatsiorsky, V.M.4
  • 12
    • 0028413346 scopus 로고
    • Coordination of index finger movements
    • Darling WG, Cole KJ, Miller GF. Coordination of index finger movements. J Biomech 27: 479-491, 1994.
    • (1994) J Biomech , vol.27 , pp. 479-491
    • Darling, W.G.1    Cole, K.J.2    Miller, G.F.3
  • 13
    • 0031015933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in the twitch contractile properties of human thenar motor units
    • Doherty TJ, Brown WF. Age-related changes in the twitch contractile properties of human thenar motor units. J Appl Physiol 82: 93-101, 1997.
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.82 , pp. 93-101
    • Doherty, T.J.1    Brown, W.F.2
  • 14
    • 0018383366 scopus 로고
    • The effect of weightlifting exercise related to muscle fiber composition and muscle cross-sectional area in humans
    • Dons B, Bollerup K, Bonde-Petersen F, Hancke S. The effect of weightlifting exercise related to muscle fiber composition and muscle cross-sectional area in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 40: 95-106, 1979.
    • (1979) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.40 , pp. 95-106
    • Dons, B.1    Bollerup, K.2    Bonde-Petersen, F.3    Hancke, S.4
  • 15
    • 0023681322 scopus 로고
    • Muscle strength and its development: New perspectives
    • Enoka RM. Muscle strength and its development: New perspectives. Sports Med 6: 146-168, 1988.
    • (1988) Sports Med , vol.6 , pp. 146-168
    • Enoka, R.M.1
  • 16
    • 0030774562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural strategies in the control of muscle force
    • Enoka RM. Neural strategies in the control of muscle force. Muscle Nerve Suppl 5: S66-S69, 1997.
    • (1997) Muscle Nerve Suppl , vol.5
    • Enoka, R.M.1
  • 17
    • 0032214195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticospinal excitability is specifically modulated by motor imagery: A magnetic stimulation study
    • Fadiga L, Buccino G, Craighero L, Fogassi L, Gallese V, Pavesi G. Corticospinal excitability is specifically modulated by motor imagery: a magnetic stimulation study. Neuropsychologia 37: 147-158, 1999.
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.37 , pp. 147-158
    • Fadiga, L.1    Buccino, G.2    Craighero, L.3    Fogassi, L.4    Gallese, V.5    Pavesi, G.6
  • 18
    • 46649087024 scopus 로고
    • The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement
    • Fitts PM. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J Exp Psychol 47: 381-391, 1954.
    • (1954) J Exp Psychol , vol.47 , pp. 381-391
    • Fitts, P.M.1
  • 19
    • 0034067975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age differences in the expression of manual asymmetry
    • Francis KL, Spirduso W. Age differences in the expression of manual asymmetry. Exp Aging Res 26: 169-180, 2000.
    • (2000) Exp Aging Res , vol.26 , pp. 169-180
    • Francis, K.L.1    Spirduso, W.2
  • 20
    • 0034783773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue
    • Gandevia SC. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 81: 1725-1789, 2001.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 1725-1789
    • Gandevia, S.C.1
  • 21
    • 20944433066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor variability within a multi-effector system: Experimental and analytical studies of multi-finger production of quick force pulses
    • Goodman SR, Shim JK, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Motor variability within a multi-effector system: experimental and analytical studies of multi-finger production of quick force pulses. Exp Brain Res 163: 75-85, 2005.
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res , vol.163 , pp. 75-85
    • Goodman, S.R.1    Shim, J.K.2    Zatsiorsky, V.M.3    Latash, M.L.4
  • 22
    • 45549106619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do synergies improve accuracy? A study of speed-accuracy trade-offs during finger force production
    • Gorniak S, Duarte M, Latash ML. Do synergies improve accuracy? A study of speed-accuracy trade-offs during finger force production. Motor Control 12: 151-172, 2008.
    • (2008) Motor Control , vol.12 , pp. 151-172
    • Gorniak, S.1    Duarte, M.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 23
    • 34247569491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchies of synergies: An example of the two-hand, multi-finger tasks
    • Gorniak S, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Hierarchies of synergies: an example of the two-hand, multi-finger tasks. Exp Brain Res 179: 167-180, 2007.
    • (2007) Exp Brain Res , vol.179 , pp. 167-180
    • Gorniak, S.1    Zatsiorsky, V.M.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 24
    • 0026511276 scopus 로고
    • Changes in hand function in the aging adult as determined by the Jebsen Test of Hand Function
    • Hackel ME, Wolfe GA, Bang SM, Canfield JS. Changes in hand function in the aging adult as determined by the Jebsen Test of Hand Function. Phys Ther 72: 373-377, 1992.
    • (1992) Phys Ther , vol.72 , pp. 373-377
    • Hackel, M.E.1    Wolfe, G.A.2    Bang, S.M.3    Canfield, J.S.4
  • 25
    • 0027897691 scopus 로고
    • Finger joint force minimization in pianists using optimization techniques
    • Harding DC, Brandt KD, Hillberry BM. Finger joint force minimization in pianists using optimization techniques. J Biomech 26: 1403-1412, 1993.
    • (1993) J Biomech , vol.26 , pp. 1403-1412
    • Harding, D.C.1    Brandt, K.D.2    Hillberry, B.M.3
  • 26
    • 0035160319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low- or high-intensity strength training partially restores impaired quadriceps force accuracy and steadiness in aged adults
    • Hortobagyi T, Tunnel D, Moody J, Beam S, De Vita P. Low- or high-intensity strength training partially restores impaired quadriceps force accuracy and steadiness in aged adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56: 38-47, 2001.
    • (2001) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.56 , pp. 38-47
    • Hortobagyi, T.1    Tunnel, D.2    Moody, J.3    Beam, S.4    De Vita, P.5
  • 27
    • 0020606604 scopus 로고
    • Muscle performance, morphology and metabolic capacity during strength training and detraining: A one leg model
    • Houston ME, Froese EA, Valeriote SP, Green HJ, Ranney DA. Muscle performance, morphology and metabolic capacity during strength training and detraining: a one leg model. Eur J Appl Physiol 51: 25-35, 1983.
    • (1983) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.51 , pp. 25-35
    • Houston, M.E.1    Froese, E.A.2    Valeriote, S.P.3    Green, H.J.4    Ranney, D.A.5
  • 29
  • 31
    • 34547219426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength training improves the tri-digit finger-pinch force control of older adults
    • Keogh JW, Morrison S, Barrett R. Strength training improves the tri-digit finger-pinch force control of older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88: 1055-1063, 2007.
    • (2007) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.88 , pp. 1055-1063
    • Keogh, J.W.1    Morrison, S.2    Barrett, R.3
  • 32
    • 0026482066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kilbreath Gandevia SC SL. Independent control of the digits: changes in perceived heaviness over a wide range of force. Exp Brain Res 91: 539-542, 1992.
    • Kilbreath Gandevia SC SL. Independent control of the digits: changes in perceived heaviness over a wide range of force. Exp Brain Res 91: 539-542, 1992.
  • 33
    • 0028101353 scopus 로고
    • Limited independent flexion of the thumb and fingers in human subjects
    • Kilbreath SL, Gandevia SC. Limited independent flexion of the thumb and fingers in human subjects. J Physiol 479: 487-497, 1994.
    • (1994) J Physiol , vol.479 , pp. 487-497
    • Kilbreath, S.L.1    Gandevia, S.C.2
  • 34
    • 19444365651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice reduces motor unit discharge variability in a hand muscle and improves manual dexterity in old adults
    • Kornatz KW, Christou EA, Enoka RM. Practice reduces motor unit discharge variability in a hand muscle and improves manual dexterity in old adults. J Appl Physiol 98: 2072-2080, 2005.
    • (2005) J Appl Physiol , vol.98 , pp. 2072-2080
    • Kornatz, K.W.1    Christou, E.A.2    Enoka, R.M.3
  • 35
    • 0033037776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of the intrinsic muscles to grip and pinch strength
    • Kozin SH, Porter S, Clark P, Thoder JJ. The contribution of the intrinsic muscles to grip and pinch strength. J Hand Surg 24A: 64-72, 1999.
    • (1999) J Hand Surg , vol.24 A , pp. 64-72
    • Kozin, S.H.1    Porter, S.2    Clark, P.3    Thoder, J.J.4
  • 36
    • 0036784955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonuniform activation of the agonist muscle does not covary with index finger acceleration in old adults
    • Laidlaw DH, Hunter SK, Enoka RM. Nonuniform activation of the agonist muscle does not covary with index finger acceleration in old adults. J Appl Physiol 93: 1400-1410, 2002.
    • (2002) J Appl Physiol , vol.93 , pp. 1400-1410
    • Laidlaw, D.H.1    Hunter, S.K.2    Enoka, R.M.3
  • 37
    • 84912218162 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of finger control, based on electromyograms and location analysis
    • Landsmeer JMF, Long C. The mechanism of finger control, based on electromyograms and location analysis. Acta Anat (Basel) 60: 330-347, 1965.
    • (1965) Acta Anat (Basel) , vol.60 , pp. 330-347
    • Landsmeer, J.M.F.1    Long, C.2
  • 38
    • 0028921023 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ageing on the motor unit
    • Larsson L, Ansved T. Effects of ageing on the motor unit. Prog Neurobiol 45: 397-458, 1995.
    • (1995) Prog Neurobiol , vol.45 , pp. 397-458
    • Larsson, L.1    Ansved, T.2
  • 39
    • 0036383397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finger coordination in persons with Down syndrome: Atypical patterns of coordination and the effects of practice
    • Latash ML, Kang N, Patterson D. Finger coordination in persons with Down syndrome: atypical patterns of coordination and the effects of practice. Exp Brain Res 146: 345-355, 2002.
    • (2002) Exp Brain Res , vol.146 , pp. 345-355
    • Latash, M.L.1    Kang, N.2    Patterson, D.3
  • 40
    • 0037059596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central mechanisms of finger interaction during one- and two-hand force production at distal and proximal phalanges
    • Latash ML, Li S, Danion F, Zatsiorsky VM. Central mechanisms of finger interaction during one- and two-hand force production at distal and proximal phalanges. Brain Res 924: 198-208, 2002b.
    • (2002) Brain Res , vol.924 , pp. 198-208
    • Latash, M.L.1    Li, S.2    Danion, F.3    Zatsiorsky, V.M.4
  • 41
    • 0034750096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of motor variability in marginally redundant multifinger force production tasks
    • Latash ML, Scholz JF, Danion F, Schöner G. Structure of motor variability in marginally redundant multifinger force production tasks. Exp Brain Res 141: 153-165, 2001.
    • (2001) Exp Brain Res , vol.141 , pp. 153-165
    • Latash, M.L.1    Scholz, J.F.2    Danion, F.3    Schöner, G.4
  • 42
    • 0036208257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor control strategies revealed in the structure of motor variability
    • Latash ML, Scholz JP, Schöner G. Motor control strategies revealed in the structure of motor variability. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 30: 26-31, 2002.
    • (2002) Exerc Sport Sci Rev , vol.30 , pp. 26-31
    • Latash, M.L.1    Scholz, J.P.2    Schöner, G.3
  • 45
    • 0031907634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Force sharing among fingers as a model of the redundancy problem
    • Li ZM, Latash ML, Zatsiorsky VM. Force sharing among fingers as a model of the redundancy problem. Exp Brain Res 119: 276-286, 1998.
    • (1998) Exp Brain Res , vol.119 , pp. 276-286
    • Li, Z.M.1    Latash, M.L.2    Zatsiorsky, V.M.3
  • 46
    • 0033979194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of the extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles to the moments in finger joints
    • Li ZM, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Contribution of the extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles to the moments in finger joints. Clin Biomech 15: 203-211, 2000.
    • (2000) Clin Biomech , vol.15 , pp. 203-211
    • Li, Z.M.1    Zatsiorsky, V.M.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 47
    • 0014308133 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic-extrinsic muscle control of the fingers
    • Long C. Intrinsic-extrinsic muscle control of the fingers. J Bone Jt Surg 50A: 973-984, 1965.
    • (1965) J Bone Jt Surg , vol.50 A , pp. 973-984
    • Long, C.1
  • 50
    • 0029028097 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills
    • Pascual-Leone A, Nguyet D, Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto JP, Cammarota A, Hallett M. Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills. J Neurophysiol 74: 1037-1045, 1995.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.74 , pp. 1037-1045
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Nguyet, D.2    Cohen, L.G.3    Brasil-Neto, J.P.4    Cammarota, A.5    Hallett, M.6
  • 51
    • 0031659944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ABILHAND: A Rasch-built measure of manual ability
    • Penta M, Thonnard JL, Tesio L. ABILHAND: a Rasch-built measure of manual ability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79: 1038-1042, 1998.
    • (1998) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.79 , pp. 1038-1042
    • Penta, M.1    Thonnard, J.L.2    Tesio, L.3
  • 52
    • 0031468575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speed/accuracy trade-offs in target-directed movements
    • Plamondon R, Alimi AM. Speed/accuracy trade-offs in target-directed movements. Behav Brain Sci 20: 1-31, 1997.
    • (1997) Behav Brain Sci , vol.20 , pp. 1-31
    • Plamondon, R.1    Alimi, A.M.2
  • 56
    • 8844232689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo human muscle structure and function: Adaptations to resistance training in old age
    • Reeves ND, Narici MV, Maganaris CN. In vivo human muscle structure and function: adaptations to resistance training in old age. Exp Physiol 89: 675-689, 2004.
    • (2004) Exp Physiol , vol.89 , pp. 675-689
    • Reeves, N.D.1    Narici, M.V.2    Maganaris, C.N.3
  • 57
    • 33646082265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myotendinous plasticity to ageing and resistance exercise in humans
    • Reeves ND, Narici MV, Maganaris CN. Myotendinous plasticity to ageing and resistance exercise in humans. Exp Physiol 91: 483-498, 2006.
    • (2006) Exp Physiol , vol.91 , pp. 483-498
    • Reeves, N.D.1    Narici, M.V.2    Maganaris, C.N.3
  • 58
    • 0027613576 scopus 로고
    • Gender- and age-specific changes in motor speed and eye-hand coordination in adults: Normative values for the Finger Tapping and Grooved Pegboard tests
    • Ruff RM, Parker SB. Gender- and age-specific changes in motor speed and eye-hand coordination in adults: normative values for the Finger Tapping and Grooved Pegboard tests. Percept Mot Skills 76: 1219-1230, 1993.
    • (1993) Percept Mot Skills , vol.76 , pp. 1219-1230
    • Ruff, R.M.1    Parker, S.B.2
  • 59
    • 0023065959 scopus 로고
    • Influence of exercise and training on motor unit activation
    • Sale DG. Influence of exercise and training on motor unit activation. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 15: 95-151, 1987.
    • (1987) Exerc Sport Sci Rev , vol.15 , pp. 95-151
    • Sale, D.G.1
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0033006455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The uncontrolled manifold concept: Identifying control variables for a functional task
    • Scholz JP, Schöner G. The uncontrolled manifold concept: identifying control variables for a functional task. Exp Brain Res 126: 289-306, 1999.
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.126 , pp. 289-306
    • Scholz, J.P.1    Schöner, G.2
  • 63
    • 3042512171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in finger coordination in static prehension tasks
    • Shim JK, Lay B, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Age-related changes in finger coordination in static prehension tasks. J Appl Physiol 97: 213-224, 2004.
    • (2004) J Appl Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 213-224
    • Shim, J.K.1    Lay, B.2    Zatsiorsky, V.M.3    Latash, M.L.4
  • 64
    • 0141456361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age effects on force produced by intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles and finger interaction during MVC tasks
    • Shinohara M, Latash ML, Zatsiorsky VM. Age effects on force produced by intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles and finger interaction during MVC tasks. J Appl Physiol 95: 1361-1369, 2003.
    • (2003) J Appl Physiol , vol.95 , pp. 1361-1369
    • Shinohara, M.1    Latash, M.L.2    Zatsiorsky, V.M.3
  • 65
    • 0037216359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and gender on finger coordination in MVC and submaximal force-matching tasks
    • Shinohara M, Li S, Kang N, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Effects of age and gender on finger coordination in MVC and submaximal force-matching tasks. J Appl Physiol 94: 259-270, 2003.
    • (2003) J Appl Physiol , vol.94 , pp. 259-270
    • Shinohara, M.1    Li, S.2    Kang, N.3    Zatsiorsky, V.M.4    Latash, M.L.5
  • 66
    • 2942750016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finger interaction during accurate multi-finger force production tasks in young and elderly persons
    • Shinohara M, Scholz JP, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. Finger interaction during accurate multi-finger force production tasks in young and elderly persons. Exp Brain Res 156: 282-292, 2004.
    • (2004) Exp Brain Res , vol.156 , pp. 282-292
    • Shinohara, M.1    Scholz, J.P.2    Zatsiorsky, V.M.3    Latash, M.L.4
  • 67
    • 0142090653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of corticospinal excitability during negative motor imagery
    • Sohn YH, Dang N, Hallett M. Suppression of corticospinal excitability during negative motor imagery. J Neurophysiol 90: 2303-2309, 2003.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.90 , pp. 2303-2309
    • Sohn, Y.H.1    Dang, N.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 68
    • 33748324331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are age-related increases in force variability due to decrements in strength?
    • Sosnoff JJ, Newell KM. Are age-related increases in force variability due to decrements in strength? Exp Brain Res 174: 86-94, 2006.
    • (2006) Exp Brain Res , vol.174 , pp. 86-94
    • Sosnoff, J.J.1    Newell, K.M.2
  • 71
    • 1642325757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength training reduces force fluctuations during anisometric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscles in old adults
    • Tracy BL, Byrnes WC, Enoka RM. Strength training reduces force fluctuations during anisometric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscles in old adults. J Appl Physiol 96: 1530-1540, 2004.
    • (2004) J Appl Physiol , vol.96 , pp. 1530-1540
    • Tracy, B.L.1    Byrnes, W.C.2    Enoka, R.M.3
  • 73
    • 0020578269 scopus 로고
    • Cross-transfer effects of muscular training on blood flow in the ipsilateral and contralateral forearms
    • Yasuda Y, Miyamura M. Cross-transfer effects of muscular training on blood flow in the ipsilateral and contralateral forearms. Eur J Appl Physiol 51: 321-329, 1983.
    • (1983) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.51 , pp. 321-329
    • Yasuda, Y.1    Miyamura, M.2
  • 75
    • 0034010283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enslaving effects in multi-finger force production
    • Zatsiorsky VM, Li ZM, Latash ML. Enslaving effects in multi-finger force production. Exp Brain Res 131: 187-195, 2000.
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.131 , pp. 187-195
    • Zatsiorsky, V.M.1    Li, Z.M.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 76
    • 39149088280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do synergies do? Effects of secondary constraints on multi-digit synergies in accurate force-production tasks
    • Zhang W, Scholz JP, Zatsiorsky VM, Latash ML. What do synergies do? Effects of secondary constraints on multi-digit synergies in accurate force-production tasks. J Neurophysiol 99: 500-513, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.99 , pp. 500-513
    • Zhang, W.1    Scholz, J.P.2    Zatsiorsky, V.M.3    Latash, M.L.4
  • 77
    • 0042267372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of imagery motor training on torque production of ankle plantar flexor muscles
    • Zijdewind I, Toering ST, Bessem B, Van Der Laan O, Diercks RL. Effects of imagery motor training on torque production of ankle plantar flexor muscles. Muscle Nerve 28: 168-173, 2003.
    • (2003) Muscle Nerve , vol.28 , pp. 168-173
    • Zijdewind, I.1    Toering, S.T.2    Bessem, B.3    Van Der Laan, O.4    Diercks, R.L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.