Displacement transfer between thick- and thin-skinned décollement systems in the central North American Cordillera

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 227, Issue , 2004, Pages 177-195

  McClelland, W C ^a   Oldow, J S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORDILLERA; COUPLING; DECOLLEMENT; LITHOSPHERE; OROGENY;

NORTH AMERICA; NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA;

EID: 5544229614     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.227.01.10     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Allmendinger, R.W. 1992. Fold and thrust tectonics of the western United States exclusive of the accreted terranes. In: Burchfiel, B.C., Lipman, P.W. & Zoback, M.L. (eds) The Cordilleran Orogen: Conterminous U.S. The Geology of North America, G-3, Geological Society of America, Boulder, Co, 583-607.
2. Ampferer, O. 1906. Ueber das Bewegungsbild von Faltengebirgen. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 56, 539-622.
3. Armstrong, R.L. 1968. Sevier orogenic belt in Nevada and Utah. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 79, 429-458.
4. Armstrong, R.L., Taubeneck, W.H. & Hales, P.O. 1977. Rb-Sr and K-Ar geochronometry of Mesozoic granitic rocks and their Sr isotopic composition, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 88, 397-411.
5. Bally, A.W. 1984. Tectogenèse et sismique réflexion. Bulletin Societe Géologique de France, 7, 279-285.
6. Bally, A.W. & Snelson, S. 1980. Realms of subsidence. In: Miall, A.D. (ed.) Facts and Principles of World Petroleum Occurrence. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 6, 9-75.
7. Bally, A.W., Gordy, P.L. & Stewart, G.A. 1966. Structure, seismic data and orogenic evolution of southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 14, 337-381.
8. Berg, R.R. 1962. Mountain flank thrusting in Rocky Mountain foreland, Wyoming and Colorado. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 46, 2019-2032.
9. Billingsley, P.R. & Locke, A. 1941. Structure of ore deposits in the continental framework. Transactions of the Society of Mining Engineers of American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, 144, 9-59.
10. Blundell, D., Freeman, R. & Mueller, S. 1992. A Continent Revealed: The European Geotraverse. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
11. Brown, R.L. & Journeay, J.M. 1987. Tectonic denudation of the Shuswap metamorphic terrane of southeastern British Columbia. Geology, 15, 142-146.
12. Brown, R.L., Journeay, J.M., Lane, L.S., Murphy, D.C. & Rees, C.J. 1986. Obduction, backfolding and piggyback thrusting in the metamorphic hinterland of the southeastern Canadian Cordillera. Journal of Structural Geology, 8, 255-268.
13. Brown, R.L., Carr, S.D., Johnson, B.J., Coleman, V.J., Cook, F.A. & Varsek, J.L. 1992. The Monashee décollement of the southern Canadian Cordillera: a crustal-scale shear zone linking the Rocky Mountain foreland belt to lower crust beneath accreted terranes. In: Mcklay, K.R. (ed.) Thrust Tectonics. Chapman & Hall, London, 357-364.
14. Burchfiel, B.C., Cowan, D.S., & Davis, G.A. 1992. Tectonic overview of the Cordilleran Orogen in the Western United States. In: Burchfiel, B.C., Lipman, P.W. & Zoback, M.L. (eds) The Cordilleran Orogen: Conterminous U.S. The Geology of North America, G-3. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 407-479.
15. Carey, J.W., Rice, J.M. & Grover, T.W. 1992. Petrology of aluminous schist in the Boehls Butte region of northern Idaho; geologic history and aluminum-silicate phase relations. American Journal of Science, 292, 455-473.
16. Carr, S.D. 1992. Tectonic setting and U-Pb geochronology of the early Tertiary Ladybird leucogranite suite, Thor-Odin-Pinnacles area, southern Omineca Belt, British Columbia. Tectonics, 11, 258-278.
17. Carr, S.D. 1995. The southern Omineca Belt, British Columbia: new perspectives from the Lithoprobe Geoscience program. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 1720-1739.
18. Carter, N.L. & Tsenn, M.C. 1987. Flow properties of continental lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 136, 27-63.
19. Choukroune, P. 1989. The ECORS Pyrenean deep seismic profile reflection data and the overall structure of an orogenic belt. Tectonics, 8, 23-39.
20. Clowes, R.M., Zelt, C.A., Amor, J.R. & Ellis, R.M. 1995. Lithospheric structure in the southern Canadian Cordillera from a network of seismic refraction lines. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 1485-1513.
21. Colpron, M., Warren, M.J., & Price, R.A. 1998. Selkirk fan structure, southeastern Canadian cordillera: tectonic wedging against an inherited basement ramp. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110, 1060-1074.
22. Coney, P.J., Jones, D.L. & Monger, J.W.H. 1980. Cordilleran suspect terranes. Nature, 288, 329-333.
23. Cook, F.A., (ed.) 1995a. The southern Canadian Cordillera transect of Lithoprobe. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 1483-1824.
24. Cook, F.A. 1995b. The southern Canadian Cordillera transect of Lithoprobe: introduction. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 1483-1484.
25. Cook, F.A. 1995c. The reflection Moho beneath the southern Canadian Cordillera. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 1520-1530.
26. Cook, F.A. & Varsek, J.L. 1994. Orogen-scale décollements. Reviews of Geophysics, 32, 37-60.
27. Cook, F.A., Green, A.G., et al. 1988. LITHOPROBE seismic reflection structure of the southeastern Canadian Cordillera, Initial results. Tectonics, 7, 157-180.
28. Cook, F.A., Van der Velden, A.J., Hall, K.W. & Roberts, B.J. 1999. Frozen subduction in Canada's Northwest Territories: Lithoprobe deep lithospheric reflection profiling of the western Canadian Shield. Tectonics, 18, 1-24.
29. Cook, F.A., Varsek, J.L., et al. 1992. LITHOPROBE crustal reflection cross-section of the southern Canadian Cordillera, I. Foreland thrust and fold belt to Fraser River fault. Tectonics, 11, 12-35.
30. Costain, J.K., Hatcher, R.D., Jr. & Coruh, C. 1989. Appalachian ultra-deep core hole (ADCOH) project site investigation, regional seismic lines, and geologic interpretation. In: Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Thomas, W.A. & Viele, G.W. (eds) The Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States. The Geology of North America, F-2. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
31. Crawford, M.L., Hollister, L.S. & Woodsworth, G.J. 1987. Crustal deformation and regional metamorphism across a terrane boundary, Coast plutonic complex, British Columbia. Tectonics, 6, 343-361.
32. 39Ar studies. In: Vallier, T.L. & Brooks, H.C. (eds) Geology of the Blue Mountains Region of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington: The Idaho Batholith and Its Border Zone. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1436, 95-138.
33. Dahlstrom, C.D.A. 1969. Balanced cross sections. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 743-757.
34. DeCelles, P.G. & Mitra, G. 1995. History of the Sevier orogenic wedge in terms of critical taper models, northeast Utah and southwest Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 107, 454-462.
35. DeCelles, P.G., Tolson, R.B. et al. 1987. Laramide thrust-generated alluvial-fan sedimentation, Sphinx Conglomerate, southwestern Montana. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 71, 135-155.
36. Dickinson, W.R., Klute, M.A., Hayes, M.J., Janecke, S.U., Lundin, E., McKittrick, M.A. & Olivares, M.D. 1988. Paleogeographic and paleotectonic setting of Laramide sedimentary basins in the central Rocky Mountain region. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100, 1023-1039.
37. Dorr, J.A., Jr., Spearing, D.R., Steidtman, J.R., Wiltschko, D.V. & craddock, J.P. 1987. Hoback River Canyon, central western Wyoming. In: Beus, S.S. (ed.) Rocky Mountain Section of the Geological Society of America. Geological Society of America Centennial Field Guide, 2, 197-200.
38. Doughty, P.T. & Sheriff, S.D. 1992. Paleomagnetic evidence for en echelon crustal extension and Crustal rotations in western Montana and Idaho. Tectonics, 11, 663-671.
39. Erslev, E.A. 1993. Thrusts, back-thrusts, and detachment of Rocky Mountain foreland arches. In: Schmidt, C.J., Chase, R.B. & Erslev, E.A. (eds) Laramide Basement Deformation in the Rocky Mountain Foreland of the Western United States. Geological Society of America Special Paper 280, 339-358.
40. Fillipone, J.A. & Yin, A. 1994. Age and regional tectonic implications of Late Cretaceous thrusting and Eocene extension, Cabinet Mountains, Northwest Montana and northern Idaho. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106, 1017-1032.
41. Fillipone, J.A., Yin, A., Harrison, T.M., Gehrels, G., Smith, M. & Sample, J.C. 1995. Age and magnitude of dip-slip faulting deduced from differential cooling histories; an example from the Hope Fault, Northwest Montana. Journal of Geology, 103, 199-211.
42. Foster, D.A. & Fanning, C.M. 1997. Geochronology of the northern Idaho Batholith and the Bitterroot metamorphic core complex; magmatism preceding and contemporaneous with extension. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 109, 379-394.
43. Foster, D.A., Schafer, C., Fanning, C.M. & Hyndman, D.W. 2001. Relationships between Crustal partial melting, plutonism, orogeny, and exhumation; Idaho-Bitterroot Batholith. Tectonophysics, 342, 313-350.
44. Gabrielse, H. & Yorath, C.J., (eds) 1991. The Cordilleran Orogen: Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada 4.
45. Gries, R. 1983. Oil and gas beneath Precambrian of foreland thrust plates in the Rocky Mountains. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 67, 1-28.
46. Grover, T.W., Rice, J.M. & Carey, J.W. 1992. Petrology of aluminous schist in the Boehls Butte region of northern Idaho; phase equilibria and P-T evolution. American Journal of Science, 292, 474-507.
47. Harrison, J.E., Griggs, A.B. & Wells, J.D. 1974. Tectonic Features of the Precambrian Belt Basin and Their Influence on Post-Belt Structures. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 866.
48. Harrison, J.E., Griggs, A.B. & Wells, J.D. 1986. Geologic and structure maps of the Wallace 1° × 2° quadrangle. United States Geological Survey Montana Map I-1509, 1:250,000.
49. Harry, D.L., Oldow, J.S. & Sawyer, D.S. 1995. The growth of orogenic belts and the role of crustal heterogeneities in décollement tectonics. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 107, 1411-1426.
50. Hietanen, A. 1962. Metasomatic Metamorphism in Western Clearwater County, Idaho. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 344-A.
51. Hobbs, S.W., Griggs, A.B., Wallace, R.E. & Campbell, A.B. 1965. Geology of the Coeur d'Alene district, Shoshone County, Idaho. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 478.
52. House, M.A., Hodges, K.V. & Bowring, S.A. 1997. Petrological and geochronological constraints on regional metamorphism along the northern border of the Bitterroot Batholith. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 15, 753-764.
53. Hyndman, D.W. 1980. Bitterroot dome-Sapphire tectonic block, an example of a plutonic-core gneiss dome complex with its detached suprastructure. In: Crittenden, M.D., Coney, P.J. & Davis, G.H. (eds) Cordilleran Metamorphic Core Complexes. Geological Society of America Memoir 153, 427-443.
54. Hyndman, D.W., Alt, D. & Sears, J.W. 1988. Post-Archean metamorphic and tectonic evolution of western Montana and northern Idaho. In: Ernst, W.G. (ed.) Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of the Western United States. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 332-361.
55. Johnson, B.J. & Brown, R.L. 1996. Crustal structure and early Tertiary extensional tectonics of the Omineca belt at 51°N latitude, southern Canadian Cordillera. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 1596-1611.
56. Johnston, D.H., Williams, P.F., Brown, R.L., Crowley, J.L. & Carr, S.D. 2000. Northeastward extrusion and extensional exhumation of crystalline rocks of the Monashee complex, southeastern Canadian Cordillera. Journal of Structural Geology, 22, 603-625.
57. King, P.B. 1969. Tectonic Map of North America. United States Geological Survey Map, 1:5000,000.
58. Lang, H.M. & Rice, J.M. 1985a. Metamorphism of pelitic rocks in the Snow Peak area, northern Idaho; sequence of events and regional implications. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96, 731-736.
59. Lang, H.M. & Rice, J.M. 1985b. Geothermometry, geobarometry and T-X (Fe-Mg) relations in metapelites, Snow Peak, northern Idaho. Journal of Petrology, 26, 889-924.
60. Leeman, W.P., Oldow, J.S. & Hart, W.K. 1992. Lithosphere-scale thrusting in the Western U.S. Cordillera as constrained by Sr and Nd isotopic transitions in Neogene volcanic rocks. Geology, 20, 63-66.
61. Lewis, R.S. 1995. Geologic Map of the Belt Supergroup in North-Central Idaho and Western Montana. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-513, 1:500,000.
62. Lund, K. & Snee, L.W. 1988. Metamorphism, structural development, and age of the continent-island arc juncture in west-central Idaho. In: Ernst, W.G. (ed.) Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of the Western United States. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 296-331.
63. Manduca, C.A., Kuntz, M.A. & Silver, L.T. 1993. Emplacement and deformation history of the western margin of the Idaho batholith near McCall, Idaho: influence of a major terrane boundary. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105, 749-765.
64. McClelland, W.C. & Mattinson, J.M. 2000. Cretaceous-Tertiary evolution of the western Coast Mountains, central southeastern Alaska. In: Stowell, H.H. & McClelland, W.C. (eds) Tectonics of the Coast Mountains Orogen. Geological Society of America Special Paper 343, 159-182.
65. McClelland, W.C., Tikoff, B. & Manduca, C.A. 2000. The role of intra-arc shear zones in terrane accretion: examples from the North American Cordillera. Tectonophysics, 326, 37-55.
66. Monger, J.W.H., Price, R.A. & Templeman Kluit, D.J. 1982. Tectonic accretion and the origin of two major metamorphic and plutonic welts in the Canadian Cordillera. Geology, 10, 70-75.
67. Monger, J.W.H., Clowes, R.M., Price, R.A., Simony, P.S., Riddihough, R.P. & Woodsworth, G.J. 1985. Centennial Continent/Ocean Transect #7, B-2 Juan de Fuca Plate to Alberta Plains. In: Speed, R. (ed.) Decade of North American Geology Continent/Ocean Transects. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
68. Mooney, W.D. & Weaver, C.S. 1989. Regional crustal structure and tectonics of the Pacific coastal states; California, Oregon, and Washington. In: Pakiser, L.C. & Mooney, W.D. (eds) Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States. Geological Society of America Memoir, 172, 129-162.
69. Norris, D.K. & Bally, A.W. 1972. Coal, Oil, Gas and Industrial Mineral Deposits of the Interior Plains, Foothills and Rocky Mountains of Alberta and British Columbia, Guidebook. International Geological Congress Guidebook, 24, 106.
70. Oldow, J.S., Bally, A.W., Avé Lallemant, H.G. & Leeman, W.P. 1989. Phanerozoic evolution of the North American Cordillera: United States and Canada. In: Bally, A.W. & Palmer, A.R. (eds) The Geology of North America - An Overview. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 139-232.
71. Oldow, J.S., Bally, A.W. & Avé Lallemant, H.G. 1990. Transpression, orogenic float, and lithospheric balance. Geology, 18, 991-994.
72. Pakiser, L.C. 1989. Geophysics of the Intermontane system. In: Pakiser, L.C. & Mooney, W.D. (eds) Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States. Geological Society of America Memoir, 172, 235-248.
73. Parrish, R.R. 1995. Thermal evolution of the southern Canadian Cordillera. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 1618-1642.
74. Parrish, R.R., Carr, S.D. & Parkinson, D.L. 1988. Eocene extensional tectonics and geochronology of the southern Omineca Belt, British Columbia and Washington. Tectonics, 7, 181-212.
75. Payne, J.D. & McClelland, W.C. 2002. Kinematic and temporal constraints for truncation of the western Idaho shear zone. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 34, A102.
76. Payne, J.D., McClelland, W.C. & Oldow, J.S. 2001. Truncation of the Western Idaho Suture Zone: kinematic constraints for post accretionary modification of the arc-continent boundary. American Geophysical Union EOS Transactions, 32, 167.
77. Pfiffner, O.A., Ellis, S. & Beaumont, C. 2000. Collision tectonics in the Swiss Alps: insight from geodynamic modeling. Tectonics, 19, 1065-1094.
78. Price, R.A. 1981. The Cordilleran thrust and fold belt in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. In: Mcclay, K.R. & Price, N.J. (eds) Thrust and Nappe Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 9, 427-448.
79. Price, R.A. 1986. The southeastern Canadian Cordillera: thrust faulting, tectonic wedging, and delamination of the lithosphere. Journal of Structural Geology, 8, 239-254.
80. Price, R.A. & Carmichael, D.M. 1986. Geometric test for Late Cretaceous-Paleogene intraconfinental transform faulting in the Canadian Cordillera. Geology, 14, 468-471.
81. Price, R.A. & Mountjoy, E.W. 1970. Geologic structure of the Canadian Rocky Mountains between Bow and Athabasca Rivers - a progress report. In: Wheeler, J.O. (ed.) Structure of the Southern Canadian Cordillera. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, 6, 7-25.
82. Price, R.A. & Sears, J.W. 2000. A preliminary palinspastic map of the Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Supergroup, Canada and USA: implications for the tectonic setting and structural evolution of the Purcell anticlinorium and the Sullivan deposit. In: Lydon, J.W., Hoy, T., Slack, J.F. & Knapp, M.E. (eds) The Geological Environment of the Sullivan Deposit, British Columbia. Geological Association of Canada Mineral Deposits Division Special Publication, 1, 61-81.
83. Prodehl, C. & Lipman, P.W. 1989. Crustal Structure of the Rocky Mountain region. In: Pakiser, L.C. & Mooney, W.D. (eds) Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States. Geological Society of America Memoir, 172, 249-284.
84. Rehrig, W.A., Reynolds, S.J. & Armstrong, R.L. 1987. A tectonic and geochronologic overview of the Priest River crystalline complex, northeastern Washington and northern Idaho. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin, 77, 185-193.
85. Roure, F., Choukroune, P. et al. 1989. ECORS deep seismic data and balanced cross sections; geometric constraints on the evolution of the Pyrenees. Tectonics, 8, 41-50.
86. Royse, F., Jr., Warner, M.A., & Reese, D.L. 1975. Thrust belt structural geometry and related stratigraphic problems, Wyoming, Idaho-northern Utah. In: Bolyard, D.W. (ed.) Symposium on Deep Drilling in the Central Rocky Mountains. Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Denver, CO, 41-54.
87. Schmidt, C.J. & Perry, W.J. (eds) 1988. Interaction of the Rocky Mountain Foreland and the Cordilleran Thrust Belt. Geological Society of America Memoir, 171.
88. Sears, J.W. 1988. Two major thrust slabs in the west-central Montana Cordillera. In: Schmidt, C.J. & Perry, W.J. (eds) Interaction of the Rocky Mountain Foreland and the Cordilleran Thrust Belt. Geological Society of America Memoir, 171, 165-170.
89. Sears, J.W. 2001. Emplacement and denudation history of the Lewis-Eldorado-Hoadley thrust slab in the northern Montana Cordillera, USA: implications for steady-state orogenic processes. American Journal of Science, 301, 359-373.
90. Sharry, J., Langan, R.T., Jovanovich, D.B., Jones, G.M., Hill, N.R. & Guidish, T.M. 1986. Enhanced imaging of the COCORP seismic line, Wind River Mountains. In: Barazangi, M. & Brown, L.D. (eds) Reflection Seismology; A Global Perspective. American Geophysical Union Geodynamics Series, 13, 223-236.
91. Smithson, S.B., Brewer, J., Kaufman, S., Oliver, J. & Hurich, C.A. 1978. Nature of the Wind River thrust, Wyoming, from COCORP deep-reflection data and from gravity data. Geology, 6, 648-652.
92. Smithson, S.B., Brewer, J., Kaufman, S., Oliver, J.E., & Hurich, C.A. 1979. Structure of the Laramide Wind River uplift, Wyoming, from COCORP deep reflection data and from gravity data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 5955-5972.
93. 39Ar chronicle of the tectonic development of the Salmon River suture zone, western Idaho. In: Vallier, T.L. & Brooks, H.C. (eds) Geology of the Blue Mountains Region of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington: Petrology and Tectonic Evolution of Pre-Tertiary Rocks of the Blue Mountains Region. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1438, 359-414.
94. Strayer, L.M., Hyndman, D.W., Sears, J.W. & Myers, P.E. 1989. Direction and shear sense during suturing of the Seven Devils-Wallowa terrane against North America in western Idaho. Geology, 17, 1025-1029.
95. Toth, M.I. & Stacey, J.S. 1992. Constraints on the Formation of the Bitterroot Lobe of the Idaho Batholith, Idaho and Montana, from U-Pb Zircon Geochronology and Feldspar Pb Isotopic Data. United States Geological Survey Bulletin, 2008.
96. Vanderhaeghe, O. & Teyssier, C. 2001. Partial melting and flow of orogens. Tectonophysics, 342, 451-472.
97. Vanderhaeghe, O., Teyssier, C. & Wysoczanski, R. 1999. Structural and geochronologic constraints on the role of partial melting during the formation of the Shuswap metamorphic core complex at the latitude of the Thor-Odin dome, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 36, 917-943.
98. Villein, A. & Kligfield, R. 1986. Thrusting and synorogenic sedimentation in central Utah. In: Peterson, J.A. (ed.) Paleotectonics and Sedimentation in the Rocky Mountain Region, United States. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 41, 281-307.
99. Wallace, C.A., Lidke, D.J. & Schmidt, R.G. 1990. Faults of the central part of the Lewis and Clark line and fragmentation of the Late Cretaceous foreland basin in west-central Montana. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102, 1021-1037.
100. White, B.G. 1998. Diverse Tectonism in the Coeur d'Alene Mining District. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication, 112, 254-265.
101. Wiltschko, D.V. & Dorr, J.A., Jr. 1983. Timing of deformation in overthrust belt and foreland of Idaho, Wyoming and Utah. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 67, 1304-1322.
102. Winston, D. 1986. Belt Supergroup Stratigraphic Correlation Sections, Western Montana and Adjacent Areas. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Paper, 94.
103. Wyld, S.J. & Wright, J.E. 2001. New evidence for Cretaceous strike-slip faulting in the United States Cordillera and implications for terrane displacement, deformation patterns, and plutonism. American Journal of Science, 301, 150-181.
104. Yates, R.G. 1968. The Trans-Idaho discontinuity. Proceedings of the 23rd International Geological Congress, 1968. Prague Academia, Prague, 117-123.