Ankle paresis in incomplete spinal cord injury: Relation to corticospinal conductivity and ambulatory capacity

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 210-217

  Wirth, Brigitte ^a,b   Van Hedel, Hubertus J A ^a   Curt, Armin ^c  

^a BALGRIST UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Corticospinal tract; Incomplete spinal cord injury; Motor evoked potential; Muscle strength

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANKLE PARESIS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMAN; LATENT PERIOD; LIMB MOVEMENT; MALE; MEASUREMENT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; NERVE CONDUCTION; PARESIS; PYRAMIDAL TRACT; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPINAL CORD LESION; ANKLE; INNERVATION; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANKLE JOINT; EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR; FEMALE; GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; NEURAL CONDUCTION; PARESIS; PYRAMIDAL TRACTS; SPINAL CORD INJURIES;

EID: 55249120291     PISSN: 07360258     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0b013e318183f4e3     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. American Spinal Injury Association. International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, revised 2002. Chicago, IL, American Spinal Injury Association, 2002.
2. Asazuma T, Satomi K, Suzuki N, et al. Management of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1996;34:620-625. (Pubitemid 26345511)
3. Aschersleben G, Prinz G. Synchronizing actions with events: the role of sensory information. Percept Psychophys 1995;57:305-317.
4. Bohannon R, Smith M. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 1987;67:206-207. (Pubitemid 17026064)
5. Canning C, Ada L, O'Dwyer N. Slowness to develop force contributes to weakness after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:66-70. (Pubitemid 29035824)
6. Canning CG, Ada L, Adams R, O'Dwyer N. Loss of strength contributes more to physical disability after stroke than loss of dexterity. Clin Rehabil 2004;18:300-308. (Pubitemid 38559173)
7. Catz A, Itzkovich M, Agranov E, et al. The spinal cord independence measure (SCIM): sensitivity to functional changes in subgroups of spinal cord lesion patients. Spinal Cord 2001;39:97-100. (Pubitemid 32226164)
8. Curt A, Dietz V. Ambulatory capacity in spinal cord injury: significance of somatosensory evoked potentials and ASIA protocols in predicting outcome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997;78:39-43. (Pubitemid 27034242)
9. Curt A, Keck M, Dietz V. Functional outcome following spinal cord injury: significance of motor-evoked potentials and ASIA scores. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79:81-86. (Pubitemid 28098928)
10. Curt A, Schwab ME, Dietz V. Providing the clinical basis for new interventional therapies: refined diagnosis and assessment of recovery after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2004;42:1-6. (Pubitemid 38174973)
11. Diehl P, Kliesch U, Dietz V, Curt A. Impaired facilitation of motor evoked potentials in incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurol 2006;253:51-57. (Pubitemid 43157388)
12. Dietz V. Human neuronal control of automatic functional movements: interaction between central programs and afferent input. Physiol Rev 1992;72:33-69.
13. Ditunno PL, Ditunno JF. Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI II): scale revision. Spinal Cord 2001;39:654-656.
14. Ellaway PH. Cumulative sum technique and its application to the analysis of peristimulus time histograms. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1978;45:302-304.
15. Ellaway PH, Anand P, Bergstrom EMK, et al. Towards improved clinical and physiological assessments of recovery in spinal cord injury: a clinical initiative. Spinal Cord 2004;42:325-337. (Pubitemid 38850539)
16. Farmer S, Swash M, Ingram D, Stephens J. Changes in motor unit synchronization following central nervous lesions in man. J Physiol 1993;463:83-105. (Pubitemid 23120577)
17. Fawcett JW, Curt A, Steevens JD, et al. Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP panel: spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury and statistical power needed for therapeutic clinical trials. Spinal Cord 2007;45:190-205. (Pubitemid 46340848)
18. Grillner S, Ekeberg O, El Manira A, et al. Intrinsic function of a neuronal network - a vertebrate central pattern generator. Brain Res Rev 1998;26:184-197. (Pubitemid 28318075)
19. Herbison GJ, Isaac Z, Cohen ME, Ditunno JF Jr. Strength post-spinal cord injury: myometer versus manual muscle testing. Spinal Cord 1996;34:543-548. (Pubitemid 26331988)
20. Hsu A, Tang P, Jan M. Test-retest reliability of isokinetic muscle strength of the lower extremities in patients with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:1130-1137. (Pubitemid 34832942)
21. Jayaraman A, Gregory CM, Bowden M, et al. Lower extremity skeletal muscle function in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2006;44:680-687. (Pubitemid 44721161)
22. Kent-Braun J, Walker C, Weiner M, Miller R. Functional significance of upper and lower motor neuron impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:762-768. (Pubitemid 28248681)
23. Kim CM, Eng JJ, Whittaker MW. Level walking and ambulatory capacity in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: relationship with muscle strength. Spinal Cord 2004;42:156-162.
24. King NK, Kuppuswamy A, Strutton P, Davey N. Estimation of cortical silent period following transcranial magnetic stimulation using a computerized cumulative sum method. J Neurosci Methods 2006;150:96-104. (Pubitemid 41770803)
25. Kobayashi M, Pascual-Leone A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology. Lancet Neurol 2003;2:145-156.
26. Marino RJ, Ditunno JF, Donovan WH, Maynard F. Neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury: data from the Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:1391-1396. (Pubitemid 29526649)
27. Maynard F, Bracken M, Creasey G, et al. International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1997;35:266-274. (Pubitemid 27235039)
28. Miller T, Claiborne Johnston S. Should the Babinski sign be part of the routine neurologic examination? Neurology 2005;65:1165-1168. (Pubitemid 41508204)
29. Noreau L, Vachon J. Comparison of three methods to assess muscular strength in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1998;36:716-723. (Pubitemid 28479077)
30. Samson M, Meeuwsen I, Crowe A, et al. Relationships between physical performance measures, age, height and body weight in healthy adults. Age Ageing 2000;29:235-242. (Pubitemid 30316208)
31. Schwab ME. Repairing the injured spinal cord. Science 2002;295:1029-1031.
32. Smith HC, Davey NJ, Savic G, et al. Motor unit discharge characteristics during voluntary contraction in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Exp Physiol 1999;84:1151-1160.
33. Smith HC, Savic G, Frankel HL, et al. Corticospinal function studied over time following incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2000;38:292-300. (Pubitemid 30307195)
34. Thomas C, del Valle A. The role of motor unit rate modulation versus recruitment in repeated submaximal voluntary contractions performed by control and spinal cord injured subjects. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2001;11:217-229. (Pubitemid 32385341)
35. Van Hedel H, Wirz M, Dietz V. Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:190-196. (Pubitemid 40215278)
36. Van Hedel H, Wirz M, Curt A. Improving walking assessement in subjects with a spinal cord injury: responsiveness. Spinal Cord 2006;44:352-356. (Pubitemid 43863345)
37. Van Hedel H, Murer C, Dietz V, Curt A. The amplitude of lower leg motor evoked potentials is a reliable measure when controlled for torque and motor task. J Neurol 2007;254:1089-1098. (Pubitemid 47353423)
38. Waters RL, Adkins RH, Yakura JS, Sie I. Motor and sensory recovery following incomplete paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75:67-72. (Pubitemid 24038829)
39. Wierzbicka M, Wiegner A, Logigian E, Young R. Abnormal most-rapid isometric contractions in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;54:210-216.
40. Winter D, Bishop P. Lower extremity injury. Biomechanical factors associated with chronic injury to the lower extremity. Sports Med 1992;14:149-156.
41. Wirth B, van Hedel H, Curt A. Foot control in incomplete SCI: distinction between paresis and dexterity. Neurol Res 2008;30:52-60. (Pubitemid 351768849)
42. Zijdewind I, Thomas C. Motor unit firing during and after voluntary contractions on human thenar muscles weakened by spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 2003;89:2065-2071. (Pubitemid 36444260)