메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 89, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 2114-2120

The Association of Functional Oral Intake and Pneumonia in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Author keywords

Brain injuries; Deglutition disorders; Pneumonia; Rehabilitation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; DYSPHAGIA; FEEDING APPARATUS; FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY; PNEUMONIA; RANCHO LOS AMIGOS SCALE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TRACHEOSTOMY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

EID: 55249104070     PISSN: 00039993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.04.013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0032914319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formal swallowing evaluation and therapy after traumatic brain injury improves dysphagia outcomes
    • discussion 821-3
    • Schurr M.J., Ebner K.A., Maser A.L., Sperling K.B., Helgerson R.B., and Harms B. Formal swallowing evaluation and therapy after traumatic brain injury improves dysphagia outcomes. J Trauma 46 (1999) 817-821 discussion 821-3
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.46 , pp. 817-821
    • Schurr, M.J.1    Ebner, K.A.2    Maser, A.L.3    Sperling, K.B.4    Helgerson, R.B.5    Harms, B.6
  • 2
    • 0028398974 scopus 로고
    • Approaches to treating dysphagia in patients with brain injury
    • Avery-Smith W., and Dellarosa D.M. Approaches to treating dysphagia in patients with brain injury. Am J Occup Ther 48 (1994) 235-239
    • (1994) Am J Occup Ther , vol.48 , pp. 235-239
    • Avery-Smith, W.1    Dellarosa, D.M.2
  • 3
    • 33645220273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centralized rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury-a population-based study
    • Engberg A.W., Liebach A., and Nordenbo A. Centralized rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury-a population-based study. Acta Neurol Scand 113 (2006) 178-184
    • (2006) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.113 , pp. 178-184
    • Engberg, A.W.1    Liebach, A.2    Nordenbo, A.3
  • 5
    • 0028866127 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: a review
    • Cope D.N. The effectiveness of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: a review. Brain Inj 9 (1995) 649-670
    • (1995) Brain Inj , vol.9 , pp. 649-670
    • Cope, D.N.1
  • 6
    • 48649096950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional oral intake and time to reach unrestricted dieting for patients with traumatic brain injury
    • Hansen T.S., Engberg A.W., and Larsen K. Functional oral intake and time to reach unrestricted dieting for patients with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89 (2008) 1556-1562
    • (2008) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.89 , pp. 1556-1562
    • Hansen, T.S.1    Engberg, A.W.2    Larsen, K.3
  • 7
    • 0032959862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swallowing disorders in severe brain injury: risk factors affecting return to oral intake
    • Mackay L.E., Morgan A.S., and Bernstein B.A. Swallowing disorders in severe brain injury: risk factors affecting return to oral intake. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80 (1999) 365-371
    • (1999) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.80 , pp. 365-371
    • Mackay, L.E.1    Morgan, A.S.2    Bernstein, B.A.3
  • 8
    • 0029397415 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with early onset pneumonia in the severely brain-injured patient
    • Woratyla S.P., Morgan A.S., Mackay L., Bernstein B., and Barba C. Factors associated with early onset pneumonia in the severely brain-injured patient. Conn Med 59 (1995) 643-647
    • (1995) Conn Med , vol.59 , pp. 643-647
    • Woratyla, S.P.1    Morgan, A.S.2    Mackay, L.3    Bernstein, B.4    Barba, C.5
  • 10
    • 0028156881 scopus 로고
    • Videofluoroscopic evidence of aspiration predicts pneumonia and death but not dehydration following stroke
    • John S., Marlene H., Kathryn H., and Michael R. Videofluoroscopic evidence of aspiration predicts pneumonia and death but not dehydration following stroke. Dysphagia 9 (1994) 7-11
    • (1994) Dysphagia , vol.9 , pp. 7-11
    • John, S.1    Marlene, H.2    Kathryn, H.3    Michael, R.4
  • 11
    • 0027979416 scopus 로고
    • The association of swallowing dysfunction and aspiration pneumonia
    • Martin B.J., Corlew M.M., Wood H., et al. The association of swallowing dysfunction and aspiration pneumonia. Dysphagia 9 (1994) 1-6
    • (1994) Dysphagia , vol.9 , pp. 1-6
    • Martin, B.J.1    Corlew, M.M.2    Wood, H.3
  • 12
    • 33751440663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical analysis of gastroesophageal reflux after PEG
    • Nishiwaki S., Araki H., Goto N., et al. Clinical analysis of gastroesophageal reflux after PEG. Gastrointest Endosc 64 (2006) 890-896
    • (2006) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.64 , pp. 890-896
    • Nishiwaki, S.1    Araki, H.2    Goto, N.3
  • 15
    • 5044228899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of severe malnutrition on rehabilitation in patients with severe head injury
    • Denes Z. The influence of severe malnutrition on rehabilitation in patients with severe head injury. Disabil Rehabil 26 (2004) 1163-1165
    • (2004) Disabil Rehabil , vol.26 , pp. 1163-1165
    • Denes, Z.1
  • 16
    • 0030436373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysphagia in neurologic patients in the intensive care unit
    • Langmore S.E. Dysphagia in neurologic patients in the intensive care unit. Semin Neurol 16 (1996) 329-340
    • (1996) Semin Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 329-340
    • Langmore, S.E.1
  • 17
    • 0038643406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early assessments of dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients
    • Ramsey D.J., Smithard D.G., and Kalra L. Early assessments of dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients. Stroke 34 (2003) 1252-1257
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 1252-1257
    • Ramsey, D.J.1    Smithard, D.G.2    Kalra, L.3
  • 18
    • 0031050963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients by selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD)
    • Abele-Horn M., Dauber A., Bauernfeind A., et al. Decrease in nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients by selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD). Intensive Care Med 23 (1997) 187-195
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 187-195
    • Abele-Horn, M.1    Dauber, A.2    Bauernfeind, A.3
  • 19
    • 0035999585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia in multiple injured patients: a prospective controlled trial on early prediction using clinical and immunological parameters
    • Andermahr J., Greb A., Hensler T., et al. Pneumonia in multiple injured patients: a prospective controlled trial on early prediction using clinical and immunological parameters. Inflamm Res 51 (2002) 265-272
    • (2002) Inflamm Res , vol.51 , pp. 265-272
    • Andermahr, J.1    Greb, A.2    Hensler, T.3
  • 20
    • 0023145293 scopus 로고
    • Swallowing disorders in closed head trauma patients
    • Lazarus C., and Logemann J.A. Swallowing disorders in closed head trauma patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 68 (1987) 79-84
    • (1987) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.68 , pp. 79-84
    • Lazarus, C.1    Logemann, J.A.2
  • 21
    • 84919572612 scopus 로고
    • Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury
    • Jennett B., Teasdale G., Braakman R., Minderhoud J., and Knill-Jones R. Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury. Lancet 307 (1976) 1031-1034
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.307 , pp. 1031-1034
    • Jennett, B.1    Teasdale, G.2    Braakman, R.3    Minderhoud, J.4    Knill-Jones, R.5
  • 22
    • 0035205562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of effortful and noneffortful swallows in healthy middle-aged and older adults
    • Hind J.A., Nicosia M.A., Roecker E.B., Carnes M.L., and Robbins J. Comparison of effortful and noneffortful swallows in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82 (2001) 1661-1665
    • (2001) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.82 , pp. 1661-1665
    • Hind, J.A.1    Nicosia, M.A.2    Roecker, E.B.3    Carnes, M.L.4    Robbins, J.5
  • 26
    • 33645231560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Von der Ernährungssonde zum Essen am Tisch
    • Wege vom Anfang an. Lipp B., and Schlagel W. (Eds), Neckar Verlag GMBH, Villingen-Schwenningen
    • Coombes K. Von der Ernährungssonde zum Essen am Tisch. Wege vom Anfang an. In: Lipp B., and Schlagel W. (Eds). Frührehabilitation schwerst hirngeschädigter Patienten (1996), Neckar Verlag GMBH, Villingen-Schwenningen 137-143
    • (1996) Frührehabilitation schwerst hirngeschädigter Patienten , pp. 137-143
    • Coombes, K.1
  • 27
    • 0034959819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention
    • Niederman M.S., Mandell L.A., Anzueto A., et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163 (2001) 1730-1754
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 1730-1754
    • Niederman, M.S.1    Mandell, L.A.2    Anzueto, A.3
  • 28
    • 0031957570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging science of functional assessment: our tool for outcomes analysis
    • Granger C.V. The emerging science of functional assessment: our tool for outcomes analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79 (1998) 235-240
    • (1998) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.79 , pp. 235-240
    • Granger, C.V.1
  • 30
    • 23644445382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial psychometric assessment of a functional oral intake scale for dysphagia in stroke patients
    • Crary M.A., Mann G.D., and Groher M.E. Initial psychometric assessment of a functional oral intake scale for dysphagia in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86 (2005) 1516-1520
    • (2005) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.86 , pp. 1516-1520
    • Crary, M.A.1    Mann, G.D.2    Groher, M.E.3
  • 31
    • 0018570007 scopus 로고
    • The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test. A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury
    • Levin H.S., O'Donnell V.M., and Grossman R.G. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test. A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. J Nerv Ment Dis 167 (1979) 675-684
    • (1979) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.167 , pp. 675-684
    • Levin, H.S.1    O'Donnell, V.M.2    Grossman, R.G.3
  • 32
    • 0020807984 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary complications associated with severe head injury
    • Warren J.B. Pulmonary complications associated with severe head injury. J Neurosurg Nurs 15 (1983) 194-200
    • (1983) J Neurosurg Nurs , vol.15 , pp. 194-200
    • Warren, J.B.1
  • 33
    • 55249121702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventional program in nosocomial pneumonia associated to depressed consciousness in a Chilean teaching hospital, 7-year follow-up
    • [abstract]
    • Nercelles P., Herrera R., and Peirano L. Interventional program in nosocomial pneumonia associated to depressed consciousness in a Chilean teaching hospital, 7-year follow-up. [abstract]. Am J Infect Control 32 (2004) E48
    • (2004) Am J Infect Control , vol.32
    • Nercelles, P.1    Herrera, R.2    Peirano, L.3
  • 34
    • 0017872613 scopus 로고
    • Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness
    • Huxley E.J., Viroslav J., Gray W.R., and Pierce A.K. Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness. Am J Med 64 (1978) 564-568
    • (1978) Am J Med , vol.64 , pp. 564-568
    • Huxley, E.J.1    Viroslav, J.2    Gray, W.R.3    Pierce, A.K.4
  • 35
    • 0036717060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability of bolus versus continuous gastric feeding in brain-injured patients
    • Rhoney D.H., Parker Jr. D., Formea C.M., Yap C., and Coplin W.M. Tolerability of bolus versus continuous gastric feeding in brain-injured patients. Neurol Res 24 (2002) 613-620
    • (2002) Neurol Res , vol.24 , pp. 613-620
    • Rhoney, D.H.1    Parker Jr., D.2    Formea, C.M.3    Yap, C.4    Coplin, W.M.5
  • 36
    • 0028116502 scopus 로고
    • Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction precludes safe gastric feeding after head injury
    • discussion 584-6
    • Saxe J.M., Ledgerwood A.M., Lucas C.E., and Lucas W.F. Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction precludes safe gastric feeding after head injury. J Trauma 37 (1994) 581-584 discussion 584-6
    • (1994) J Trauma , vol.37 , pp. 581-584
    • Saxe, J.M.1    Ledgerwood, A.M.2    Lucas, C.E.3    Lucas, W.F.4
  • 37
    • 7744232574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients an epiphenomenon or a cause of death?
    • Magnotti L.J., Croce M.A., and Fabian T.C. Is ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients an epiphenomenon or a cause of death?. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 5 (2004) 237-242
    • (2004) Surg Infect (Larchmt) , vol.5 , pp. 237-242
    • Magnotti, L.J.1    Croce, M.A.2    Fabian, T.C.3
  • 38
    • 0034107644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of patients at highest risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia in the surgical intensive care unit
    • Richardson C.J., and Rodriguez J.L. Identification of patients at highest risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia in the surgical intensive care unit. Am J Surg 179 (2000) 8-11
    • (2000) Am J Surg , vol.179 , pp. 8-11
    • Richardson, C.J.1    Rodriguez, J.L.2
  • 39
    • 0027244587 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units. Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia
    • Chevret S., Hemmer M., Carlet J., and Langer M. Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units. Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 19 (1993) 256-264
    • (1993) Intensive Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 256-264
    • Chevret, S.1    Hemmer, M.2    Carlet, J.3    Langer, M.4
  • 40
    • 0030599537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of tube feeding to prevent aspiration pneumonia
    • Finucane T.E., and Bynum J.P. Use of tube feeding to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Lancet 348 (1996) 1421-1424
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1421-1424
    • Finucane, T.E.1    Bynum, J.P.2
  • 41
    • 0023109021 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration after percutaneous gastrostomy. Assessment by Tc-99m labeling of the enteral feed
    • Cole M.J., Smith J.T., Molnar C., and Shaffer E.A. Aspiration after percutaneous gastrostomy. Assessment by Tc-99m labeling of the enteral feed. J Clin Gastroenterol 9 (1987) 90-95
    • (1987) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.9 , pp. 90-95
    • Cole, M.J.1    Smith, J.T.2    Molnar, C.3    Shaffer, E.A.4
  • 42
    • 0023771164 scopus 로고
    • No elimination of aspiration pneumonia in neurologically disabled patients with feeding gastrostomy
    • Hassett J.M., Sunby C., and Flint L.M. No elimination of aspiration pneumonia in neurologically disabled patients with feeding gastrostomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 167 (1988) 383-388
    • (1988) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.167 , pp. 383-388
    • Hassett, J.M.1    Sunby, C.2    Flint, L.M.3
  • 43
    • 0018904802 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects
    • Dent J., Dodds W.J., Friedman R.H., et al. Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects. J Clin Invest 65 (1980) 256-267
    • (1980) J Clin Invest , vol.65 , pp. 256-267
    • Dent, J.1    Dodds, W.J.2    Friedman, R.H.3
  • 44
    • 0025285028 scopus 로고
    • Continuous enteral feeding: a major cause of pneumonia among ventilated intensive care unit patients
    • Jacobs S., Chang R.W., Lee B., and Bartlett F.W. Continuous enteral feeding: a major cause of pneumonia among ventilated intensive care unit patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 14 (1990) 353-356
    • (1990) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.14 , pp. 353-356
    • Jacobs, S.1    Chang, R.W.2    Lee, B.3    Bartlett, F.W.4
  • 45
    • 0035113105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients
    • Tejada Artigas A., Bello Dronda S., Chacon Valles E., et al. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients. Crit Care Med 29 (2001) 304-309
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 304-309
    • Tejada Artigas, A.1    Bello Dronda, S.2    Chacon Valles, E.3
  • 46
    • 0019809686 scopus 로고
    • Lower esophageal sphincter pressure as an index of gastroesophageal acid reflux
    • Ahtaridis G., Snape Jr. W.J., and Cohen S. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure as an index of gastroesophageal acid reflux. Dig Dis Sci 26 (1981) 993-998
    • (1981) Dig Dis Sci , vol.26 , pp. 993-998
    • Ahtaridis, G.1    Snape Jr., W.J.2    Cohen, S.3
  • 47
    • 0016184340 scopus 로고
    • Anaerobic infections of the lung and pleural space
    • Bartlett J.G., and Finegold S.M. Anaerobic infections of the lung and pleural space. Am Rev Respir Dis 110 (1974) 56-77
    • (1974) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.110 , pp. 56-77
    • Bartlett, J.G.1    Finegold, S.M.2
  • 48
    • 0025898979 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration pneumonia
    • Finegold S.M. Aspiration pneumonia. Rev Infect Dis 13 Suppl 9 (1991) S737-S742
    • (1991) Rev Infect Dis , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 9
    • Finegold, S.M.1
  • 49
    • 0036125514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral health is cost-effective to maintain but costly to ignore
    • Terpenning M., and Shay K. Oral health is cost-effective to maintain but costly to ignore. J Am Geriatr Soc 50 (2002) 584-585
    • (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.50 , pp. 584-585
    • Terpenning, M.1    Shay, K.2
  • 50
    • 0027197796 scopus 로고
    • Oral hygiene following traumatic brain injury: a programme to promote dental health
    • Zasler N.D., Devany C.W., Jarman A.L., Friedman R., and Dinius A. Oral hygiene following traumatic brain injury: a programme to promote dental health. Brain Inj 7 (1993) 339-345
    • (1993) Brain Inj , vol.7 , pp. 339-345
    • Zasler, N.D.1    Devany, C.W.2    Jarman, A.L.3    Friedman, R.4    Dinius, A.5
  • 51
    • 7644231771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral health and care in the intensive care unit: state of the science
    • discussion, 34
    • Munro C.L., and Grap M.J. Oral health and care in the intensive care unit: state of the science. Am J Crit Care 13 (2004) 25-33 discussion, 34
    • (2004) Am J Crit Care , vol.13 , pp. 25-33
    • Munro, C.L.1    Grap, M.J.2
  • 54
    • 19944426621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections: prevalence and risk factors in 14 Greek hospitals
    • Kofteridis D.P., Papadakis J.A., Bouros D., et al. Nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections: prevalence and risk factors in 14 Greek hospitals. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23 (2004) 888-891
    • (2004) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 888-891
    • Kofteridis, D.P.1    Papadakis, J.A.2    Bouros, D.3
  • 55
    • 0017118127 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration pneumonia: incidence of aspiration with endotracheal tubes
    • Spray S.B., Zuidema G.D., and Cameron J.L. Aspiration pneumonia: incidence of aspiration with endotracheal tubes. Am J Surg 131 (1976) 701-703
    • (1976) Am J Surg , vol.131 , pp. 701-703
    • Spray, S.B.1    Zuidema, G.D.2    Cameron, J.L.3
  • 57
    • 17744382851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units: a prospective study
    • Alp E., Güven M., Yildiz O., Aygen B., Voss A., and Doganay M. Incidence, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units: a prospective study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 3 (2004) 17
    • (2004) Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob , vol.3 , pp. 17
    • Alp, E.1    Güven, M.2    Yildiz, O.3    Aygen, B.4    Voss, A.5    Doganay, M.6
  • 58
    • 0019543955 scopus 로고
    • Role of respiratory assistance devices in endemic nosocomial pneumonia
    • Cross A.S., and Roup B. Role of respiratory assistance devices in endemic nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Med 70 (1981) 681-685
    • (1981) Am J Med , vol.70 , pp. 681-685
    • Cross, A.S.1    Roup, B.2
  • 59
    • 14744271408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of tracheotomy tubes on the swallowing frequency in neurogenic dysphagia
    • Seidl R.O., Nusser-Müller-Busch R., and Ernst A. The influence of tracheotomy tubes on the swallowing frequency in neurogenic dysphagia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132 (2005) 484-486
    • (2005) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.132 , pp. 484-486
    • Seidl, R.O.1    Nusser-Müller-Busch, R.2    Ernst, A.3
  • 60
    • 0028957801 scopus 로고
    • Deglutitive aspiration in patients with tracheostomy: effect of tracheostomy on the duration of vocal cord closure
    • Shaker R., Milbrath M., Ren J., Campbell B., Toohill R., and Hogan W. Deglutitive aspiration in patients with tracheostomy: effect of tracheostomy on the duration of vocal cord closure. Gastroenterology 108 (1995) 1357-1360
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.108 , pp. 1357-1360
    • Shaker, R.1    Milbrath, M.2    Ren, J.3    Campbell, B.4    Toohill, R.5    Hogan, W.6
  • 62
    • 0036598706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspiration risk after acute stroke: comparison of clinical examination and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing
    • Leder S.B., and Espinosa J.F. Aspiration risk after acute stroke: comparison of clinical examination and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Dysphagia 17 (2002) 214-218
    • (2002) Dysphagia , vol.17 , pp. 214-218
    • Leder, S.B.1    Espinosa, J.F.2
  • 63
    • 23044478868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of various antibacterial preparations on the pathogenic oral flora in elderly patients fed via nasogastric tube
    • Leibovitz A., Carmeli Y., and Segal R. Effect of various antibacterial preparations on the pathogenic oral flora in elderly patients fed via nasogastric tube. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 (2005) 3566-3568
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 3566-3568
    • Leibovitz, A.1    Carmeli, Y.2    Segal, R.3
  • 64
    • 33645048483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the features of aspiration pneumonia according to site of acquisition: community or continuing care facility
    • Reza Shariatzadeh M., Huang J.Q., and Marrie T.J. Differences in the features of aspiration pneumonia according to site of acquisition: community or continuing care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc 54 (2006) 296-302
    • (2006) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.54 , pp. 296-302
    • Reza Shariatzadeh, M.1    Huang, J.Q.2    Marrie, T.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.