Assessment of the contribution of groundwater discharges to rivers using monthly flow statistics and flow seasonality

Water SA

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 549-564

  Le Maitre, David C ^a   Colvin, Christine A ^a  

^a DSI CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Baseflow; Flow concentration; Groundwater discharge; Principal aquifer types; River flow statistics

Indexed keywords

AQUIFERS; BIODIVERSITY; BUILDINGS; CARBONATES; CATCHMENTS; DISCHARGE (FLUID MECHANICS); GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; RAIN; RIVERS; RUNOFF; STATISTICS; STREAM FLOW;

AQUIFER TYPE; BASEFLOWS; FLOW CONCENTRATION; GROUND WATER DISCHARGE; RIVER FLOW;

GROUNDWATER RESOURCES;

AQUIFER; ASSESSMENT METHOD; BASEFLOW; CATCHMENT; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DIKE; DISCHARGE; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; GROUNDWATER; GROUNDWATER FLOW; GROUNDWATER-SURFACE WATER INTERACTION; RIVER FLOW; RIVER SYSTEM; SEASONALITY; SILL;

EID: 55249096254     PISSN: 03784738     EISSN: 18167950     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4314/wsa.v34i5.180652     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. ACREMAN MC and SINCLAIR CD (1986) Classification of drainage basins according to their physical characteristics; and application for flood frequency analysis in Scotland. J. Hydrol. 84 365-380.
2. BEEKMAN HE and XU Y (2003) Review of groundwater recharge estimation in arid and semi-arid southern Africa. In: Xu Y and Beekman HE (eds.) Groundwater Recharge Estimation in Southern Africa. UNESCO IHP Series No 64, UNESCO, Paris. 3-18.
3. BEEKMAN HE, GIESKE A and SELAOLO ET (1996) GRES: Groundwater Recharge Studies in Botswana 1987-1996. Botswana J. Earth Sci. III 1-17.
4. CALDER IR (1996) Water use by forests at the plot and catchment scale. Special Issue on "Forests and Climate' in Commonwealth For. Rev. 75 19-30.
5. CHEVALIER L, GIBSON LA, NHLEKO LO, WOODFORD AC, NOMQUPHU W AND KIPPIE I (2004) Hydrogeology of fractured-rock aquifers and related ecosystems within the Qoqodala dolerite ring and sill complex, Great Kei catchment, Eastern Cape. WRC Report No. 1238/1/04. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
6. CLEAVER G, BROWN LR, BREDENKAMP GJ, SMART M and RAUTENBERG CJDeW (2003) Assessment of environmental impacts of groundwater abstraction from Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifers on ecosystems in the Kammanassie Nature Reserve and environs. WRC Report No. 1115/1/03. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
7. COLVIN C, LE MAITRE D and HUGHES S (2003) Assessing Terrestrial Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems in South Africa. WRC Report No. 1090-2/2/03. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
8. COLVIN C, LE MAITRE D, SAAYMAN I and HUGHES S (2007) An introduction to aquifer dependent ecosystems in South Africa. WRC Report No. TT 301/07. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
9. CONRAD V (1941) The variability of precipitation. Monthly Weather Rev. 69 5-11.
10. CG (1997) 1: 1 000 000 Scale Geological Map of the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland. Council for Geosciences, Pretoria, South Africa.
11. DOLLAR ESJ, JAMES CS, ROGERS KH and THOMS MC (2007) A framework for interdisciplinary understanding of rivers as ecosystems. Geomorphol. 89 147-162.
12. DOLLAR LHA, DOLLAR ESJ and MOOLMAN J (2006) Development of an automated desktop procedure for defining macro-reaches for river longitudinal profiles. Water SA 32 395-402. http://www.wrc. org.za/downloads/watersa/ 2006/Jul%2006/1965.pdf
13. DU TOIT WH (1995) Explanation Brochure of the Pietersburg (2326) Hydrogeological Map Scale 1:500 000. Directorate Hydrogeology, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
14. DWAF (2005) Groundwater Resource Assessment. Phase II. Methodology. Groundwater-surface water interactions. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
15. FARVOLDEN RN (1963) Geologic controls on ground-water storage and base flow. J. of Hydrol. 1 219-249
16. HATTON T and EVANS R (1998) Dependence of ecosystems on groundwater and its significance to Australia. Occasional Paper No 12/98, Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation, CSIRO Australia.
17. HEWLETT JD and HIBBERT AR (1967) Factors affecting the response of small watersheds to precipitation in humid areas. In: Sopper WE and Lull HW (eds.) Proc. Int. Symp. Forest Hydrol. Pergamon, Oxford, UK. 275-290.
18. HUGHES DA (2001) Providing hydrological information and data analysis tools for the determination of ecological instream flow requirements for South African rivers. J. Hydrol. 241 140-151.
19. HUGHES DA (2006) Personal communication. Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
20. HUGHES DA and HANNART P (2003) A desktop model used to provide an initial estimate of the ecological instream flow requirements of rivers in South Africa. J. Hydrol. 270 167-181.
21. HUGHES DA and MÜNSTER F (2000) Hydrological Information and Techniques to Support the Determination of the Water Quantity Component of the Ecological Reserve for Rivers. WRC Report No. TT/137/00. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
22. HUGHES DA and PALMER CG (2005) SPATSIM, an Integrated Framework for Ecological Reserve Determination and Implementation. WRC Report No. TT 245/04.Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
23. ISSAR I and PASSACHIER R (1990) Part II. Regional hydrogeological concepts. In: Lerner DN, Issar A and Simmers S (eds.) A Guide to Understanding and Estimating Natural Recharge. International contributions to hydrogeology. IAH Publications Vol 8, Verlag Heinz Heisse, Germany. 21-98.
24. KELBE B, GERMISHUYSE T, SNYMAN N and FOURIE I (2001) Geohydrological Studies of the Primary Coastal Aquifer in Zululand. WRC Report No.720/1/01. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
25. KING LC (1942) South African Scenery. A Text Book of Geomorphology. Oliver and Boyd Ltd., London.
26. KINZELBACH W, ALBERICH C, GONI IB, BEYERLE U, BRUNNER P, CHIANG W-H, RUEEDI J and ZOELLMANN K (2002) A Survey of Methods for Groundwater Recharge in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. Early Warning and Assessment Report Series, UNEO/DEWA/RS.02-2, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
27. KIRCHNER J, VAN TONDER GJ and LUKAS E (1991) Exploitation potential of Karoo aquifers. WRC Report No. 170/1/91. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
28. KLEYNHANS CJ, THIRION C and MOOLMAN J (2004) A Level I River Ecoregion classification system for South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Report No. N/0000/00/REQ0104. Resource Quality Services, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
29. LACEY CG and GRAYSON RB (1998) Relating baseflow to catchment properties in south-eastern Australia. J. Hydrol. 204 231-250
30. LYTLE DA and POFF NL (2004) Adaptation to natural flow regimes. Trends in Ecol. Evol. 19 94-100
31. MARANI M, ELTAHIR, E and RINALDO A (2001) Geomorphic controls on regional base flow. Water Resour. Res. 37 2619-2630.
32. MARGULES CR and PRESSEY RL (2000) Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405 243-253.
33. McGEE OS (1977) The determination of rainfall seasons in South Africa using Markham's technique. S. Afr. Geogr. 5 390-397.
34. MIDGLEY DC, PITMAN WV and MIDDLETON BJ (1994) The Surface Water Resources of South Africa 1990. Volumes 1 to 6. WRC Report Numbers 298/1.1/94 to 298/6.1/94 (text) and 298/1.2/94 to 298/6.2/94 (maps). Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
35. MIMIKOU M and KAEMAKI S (1985) Regionalisation of flow duration curves. J. Hydrol. 82 77-91.
36. MWAKALILA S, FEYEN J and WYSEURE G (2002) The influence of physical catchment properties on baseflow in semi-arid environments. J. Arid Environ. 52 245-258.
37. NATHAN RJ and McMAHON TA (1992) Estimating low flow characteristics in ungauged catchments. Water Resour. Manage. 6 85-100.
38. NEL J, MAREE G, ROUX D, MOOLMAN J, KLEYNHANS N, DRIVER A and SILBERBAUER M (2004) National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment: Rivers Component. Technical Report. August 2004. CSIR Report Number ENV-S-I-2004-063, Environmentek, CSIR, Stellenbosch.
39. NEL JM, HOHONE S and BREDENKAMP DB (2002) Management of dolomitic groundwater resources and ecosystems in the Bo-Molopo dolomites, South Africa. Proc. International Groundwater Conference, 12-17 May 2002, Darwin, Australia.
40. OGUNKOYA OO, ADJUWON JO and JEJE LK (1984) Runoff response to basin parameters in southwestern Nigeria. J. Hydrol. 72 67-84.
41. OLDEN JD and POFF NL (2003) Redundancy and the choice of hydrologic indices for characterising streamflow regimes. River Res. Applic. 19 101-121.
42. PARSONS R (2004) Surface water: Groundwater interaction in a South African context. A geohydrological perspective. WRC Report No. TT 218/03. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa. PARTRIDGE TC (1997) Evolution of landscapes. In: Cowling RM, Richardson DM and Pierce SM (eds.) Vegetation of South Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1-20.
43. PARTRIDGE TC and MAUD RR (1987) Geomorphic evolution of southern Africa since the Mesozoic. S. Afr. J. Geol. 90 179-208.
44. PLAUT BERGER KP and ENTEKHABI D (2001) Basin hydrological response relations to distributed physiographic descriptors and climate. J. Hydrol. 247 169-282.
45. POFF NL, ALLAN JD, BAIN MB, KARR JR, PRESTEGAARD KL, RICHTER BD, SPARKS RE and STROMBERG JC (1997) The natural flow regime: A paradigm for river conservation and restoration. BioSci. 47 769-784.
46. RHP (2005) State-of-Rivers Report: Monitoring and Managing the Ecological State of Rivers in the Crocodile (west) Marico Water Management Area. State-of-Rivers Report No. 9, Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria, South Africa.
47. ROSEWARNE, P (2002) Hydrogeological characteristics of the Table Mountain Group aquifers. In: Pietersen K and Parsons R (eds.) A Synthesis of the Hydrogeology of the Table Mountain Group - Formulation of a Research Strategy. WRC Report No. TT 158/01 Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa. 33-44.
48. ROYAPPEN M, DYE PJ, SCHULZE RE and GUSH MB (2002) An Analysis of Catchment Attributes and Hydrological Response Characteristics in a Range of Small Catchments. WRC Report No. 1193/1/02. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
49. ROUX D, DE MOOR F, CAMBRAY J and BARBER-JAMES H (2002) Use of landscape-level river signatures in conservation planning: a South African case study. Conserv. Ecol. 6 (2) 6. [online] URL: http://www. ecologyandsociety.org/vol6/iss2/art6/
50. SAS INSTITUTE INC. (2004) SAS 9.1.2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
51. SAMI K and HUGHES DA (1996) A comparison of recharge estimates to a fractured sedimentary aquifer in South Africa from a chloride mass balance and an integrated surface-subsurface model. J. Hydrol. 179 111-136.
52. SCHULZE BR (1965) Climate of South Africa. Part 8. General survey. WB 28. Weather Bureau, Pretoria, South Africa.
53. SCHULZE RE, MAHARAJ M, LYNCH SD, HOWE BJ and MELVIL-THOMPSON B (1997) South African Atlas of Agro-hydrology and - Climatology. WRC Report No. TT 82/96, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
54. SMAKHTIN VU (2001a) Low flow hydrology: A review. J. Hydrol. 240 147-186.
55. SMAKHTIN VU (2001b) Estimating continuous monthly baseflow time series and their possible applications in the context of the ecological reserve. Water SA 27 213-217. http://www.wrc.org.za/archives/ watersa%20archive/2001/April/1362.pdf
56. SMAKHTIN VU and TOULOUSE M (1998) Relationships between low-flow characteristics of South African streams. Water SA 24 107-112. http://www.wrc.org.za/archives/watersa%20archive/1998/ April/apr98_p107.pdf
57. SMAKHTIN VU, WATKINS DA and HUGHES DA (1995) Preliminary analyses of low-flow characteristics of South African Rivers. Water SA 21 201-210. http://www.wrc.org.za/downloads/watersa/1995/ July/0881%20abstract.pdf
58. UYS MC and O'KEEFFE JH (1997) Simple words and fuzzy zones: early directions for temporary river research in South Africa. Environ. Manage. 21 517-531.
59. VAN TONDER GJ and BEAN JA (2003) Challenges in estimating groundwater recharge. In: Xu Y and Beekman HE (eds.) Groundwater Recharge Estimation in Southern Africa. UNESCO International Hydrological Programme, Paris.
60. VEGTER JR (1995) An Explanation of a Set of National Groundwater Maps. WRC Report No. TT 74/95. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
61. VEGTER JR (2000) Groundwater Development in South Africa and an Introduction to the Hydrogeology of Groundwater Regions. WRC Report No. TT 134/00, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
62. VEGTER JR and PITMAN WV (1996) Recharge and stream flow. Workshop on Groundwater - Surface Water Issues in Arid and Semi-arid Areas. Organised by the Water Research Commission and IAH (South Africa), Pretoria, South Africa.
63. VEGTER JR and PITMAN WV (2003) Recharge and streamflow. In: Xu, Y and Beekman HE (eds.) Groundwater Recharge Estimation in Southern Africa. UNESCO IHP Series No 64, UNESCO, Paris. 109-123.
64. VOGEL RM and KROLL CN (1992) Regional geohydrologic-geomorphic relationships for the estimation of low-flow statistics. Water Resour. Res. 28 2451-2458.
65. WARD JV (1998) Riverine landscapes: Biodiversity patterns, disturbance regimes, and aquatic conservation. Biol. Conserv. 83 269-278.
66. WARD JV and TOCKNER A (2001) Biodiversity: towards a unifying theme for river ecology. Freshwater Biol. 46 807-819.
67. WIENS JA (2002) Riverine landscapes: taking landscape ecology into the water. Freshwater Biol. 47 501-515.
68. XU Y, TITUS R, HOLNESS SD, ZHANG J and VAN TONDER GJ (2002) A hydrogeomorphological approach to quantification of groundwater discharge to streams in South Africa. Water SA 28 375-380. http://www.wrc.org. za/archives/watersa%20archive/2002/ October/1506.pdf
69. ZHANG L, DAWES WR and WALKER GR (1999) Predicting the Effect of Vegetation Changes on Catchment Average Water Balance. Technical Report 99/12, CRC for Catchment Hydrology, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia.