Bias in the last observation carried forward method under informative dropout

Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference

Volumn 139, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 246-255

  Saha, Chandan ^a   Jones, Michael P ^b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical trial; Incomplete data; Informative dropout; LOCF; Longitudinal study; Repeated measurements

Indexed keywords

EID: 55149092319     PISSN: 03783758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jspi.2008.04.017     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Abramowitz, M., Stegun, I.A., 1972. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. National Bureau of Standards. Applied Mathematics Series, vol. 55.
2. Beunckens C., Molenberghs G., and Kenward M.G. Tutorial: direct likelihood analysis versus simple forms of imputation for missing data in randomized clinical trials. Clinical Trials 2 (2005) 379-386
3. Diggle P., and Kenward M.G. Informative drop-out in longitudinal data analysis. Appl. Statist. 43 (1994) 49-93
4. Efunda Website, 2007. 〈http://www.efunda.com/math/num_integration/findgausshermite.cfm〉.
5. Gibbons R.D., Hedeker M.A., Waternaux C., and Davis J.M. Random regression models: a comprehensive approach to the analysis of longitudinal psychiatric data. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 24 3 (1988) 438-443
6. Harville D.A. Maximum likelihood approaches to variance component estimation and to related problems. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 72 (1977) 320-338
7. Heyting A., Tolboom J.T.B.M., and Essers J.G.A. Statistical handling of drop-outs in longitudinal clinical trials. Statist. Medicine 11 (1992) 2043-2061
8. Hogan J.W., Roy J., and Korkontzelou C. Handling drop-out in longitudinal studies. Statist. Medicine 23 (2004) 1455-1497
9. Jones M.P. Indicator and stratification methods for missing explanatory variables in multiple linear regression. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 91 (1996) 222-230
10. Laird N.M., and Ware J.H. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 38 (1982) 963-974
11. Lavori P.W. Clinical trials in psychiatry: Should protocol deviation censor patient data?. Neuropsychopharmacology 6 (1992) 39-63
12. Lavori P.W., Dawson R., and Shera D. A multiple imputation strategy for clinical trials with truncation of patient data. Statist. Medicine 14 (1995) 1913-1925
13. Little R., and Rubin D. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (2002), Wiley, New Jersey
14. Little R., and Yau L. Intent-to treat analysis for longitudinal studies with dropouts. Biometrics 52 (1996) 1324-1333
15. Mallinckrodt C.H., Clark W.S., and David S.R. Type I error rates from mixed effects model repeated measures versus fixed effects ANOVA with missing values imputed via last observation carried forward. Drug Inf. J. 35 (2001) 1215-1225
16. Mazumdar S., Liu K.S., Houck P.R., and Reynolds C.F. Intent-to-treat analysis for longitudinal clinical trials: coping with the challenge of missing values. J. Psychiatric Res. 33 (1999) 87-95
17. Mazumdar S., Tang G., Houck P.R., Dew M.A., Begley A.E., Scott J., Mulsant B.H., and Reynolds C.F. Statistical analysis of longitudinal psychiatric data with dropouts. J. Psychiatric Res. 41 (2007) 1032-1041
18. Meyer K., and Windeler J. Intention-to-treat in progressively deteriorating disease: Should the last observation be carried forward?. J. Epidemiol. Biostatist. 3 2 (1998) 199-208
19. Molenberghs G., Thijs H., Jansen I., Beunckens C., Kenward M.G., Mallinckrodt C.H., and Carroll R.J. Analyzing incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data. Biostatistics 5 (2004) 445-464
20. Pocock S.J. Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach (1983), Wiley, New York
21. Press W.H., Teutolsky S.A., Vetterling W.T., and Flannery B.P. Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN. The Art of Scientific Computing. second ed (1992), Cambridge University Press, New York
22. Saha C., and Jones M. Asymptotic bias in the linear mixed effects model under non-ignorable missing data mechanisms. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 67 (2005) 167-182
23. Scharfstein D.O., Rotnitzky A., and Robins J.M. Adjusting for nonignorable drop-out using semiparametric nonresponse models. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 94 (1999) 1096-1146
24. Shao J., and Zhong B. Last observation carry-forward and last observation analysis. Statist. Medicine 22 (2003) 2429-2441
25. Streiner D.L. The case of the missing data: methods of dealing with dropouts and other research vagaries. Canad. J. Psychiatry 47 1 (2002) 70-77
26. Unnebrink K., and Windeler J. Intention-to-treat: methods for dealing with missing values in clinical trials of progressively deteriorating diseases. Statist. Medicine 20 (2001) 3931-3946
27. Wu M.C., and Carroll R.J. Estimation and comparison of changes in the presence of informative right censoring by modeling the censoring process. Biometrics 44 (1988) 175-188
28. Wulfsohn M.S., and Tsiatis A.A. A joint model for survival and longitudinal data measured with error. Biometrics 53 (1997) 330-339