Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn , Issue 3, 2008, Pages

  Vital, Flávia M R ^b   Saconato, Humberto ^c   Ladeira, Magdaline T ^a   Sen, Ayan ^d   Hawkes, Claire A ^e   Soares, Bernardo ^f   Burns, Karen E A ^g   Atallah, Álvaro N ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b Hospital de Câncer de Muriaé   (Brazil)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE   (Brazil)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e ROYAL COLLEGE OF NURSING   (United Kingdom)

^f Brazilian Cochrane Centre   (Brazil)

^g ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLORPROMAZINE; DIAMORPHINE; DIAZEPAM; DIGITALIS; DIGOXIN; DOBUTAMINE; DOPAMINE; FUROSEMIDE; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE; MORPHINE SULFATE; NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM; NORADRENALIN;

ARTERIAL GAS; ASPHYXIA; BREATHING RATE; CLAUSTROPHOBIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONJUNCTIVITIS; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; EYE IRRITATION; HEART ARREST; HEART INFARCTION; HEART RATE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LENGTH OF STAY; LUNG EDEMA; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; MEDICAL CARE; MORTALITY; OXYGEN THERAPY; PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOTHORAX; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PULMONARY ASPIRATION; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SINUSITIS; SKIN DEFECT; STOMACH DISTENSION; STROKE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT FAILURE; VOMITING;

EID: 55049128306     PISSN: 1469493X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005351.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (156)

1. Bellone 2004 {published data only} Bellone A, Monari A, Cortellaro F, Vetorello M, Arlati S, Coen D. Myocardial infarction rate in acute pulmonary edema: noninvasive support ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure. Crit Care Med 2004;32(9):1860-5.
2. Bellone 2005 {published data only} Bellone A, Vettorello M, Monari A, Cortellaro F, Coen D. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation vs. continuous positive airway pressure in acute hypercapnic pulmonary edema. Intensive Care Med 2005;31:807-11.
3. Bersten 1991 {published and unpublished data} Bersten AD, Holt AW, Vedig AE, Skowronski GA, Bagooley CJ. Treatment of severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask. N Engl J Med 1991;325(26):1825-30.
4. Crane 2004 {published and unpublished data} Crane SD, Elliott MW, Gilligan P, Richards K, Gray AJ. Randomized controlled comparison of continuous positive airway pressure, bilevel non-invasive ventilation, and standard treatment in emergency department patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Emerg Med J 2004;21:155-61.
5. Delclaux 2000 {published data only} Delclaux C, L'Her E, Alberti C, Mancebo J, Abroug F, Conti G, et al.Treatment of acute hypoxemic nonhypercapnic respiratory insufficiency with continuous positive airway pressure delivery by a face mask. JAMA 2000;284:2352-60.
6. Kelly 2002 {published and unpublished data} Kelly CA, Newby DE, McDonagh TA, MacKay TW, Barr J, Boon NA, et al. Randomised controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure and standard oxygen therapy in acute pulmonary oedema. Eur Heart J 2002;23:1379-86.
7. L'Her 2004 {published data only} L'Her E, Duquesne F, Girou E, Rosiere XD, Le Conte P, Renault S, et al.Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in elderly cardiogenic pulmonary edema patients. Intensive Care Med 2004;30:882-8.
8. Levitt 2001 {published data only} Levitt MA. A prospective, randomized trial of BiPAP in severe acute congestive heart failure. J Emerg Med 2001;21(4):363-9.
9. Liesching 2003 {published data only} Liesching TN, Cromier K, Nelson D, Short K, Sucov A, Hill NS. Bilevel noninvasive ventilation vs continuous positive airway pressure to treat acute pulmonary edema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167(Suppl 7):27.
10. Lin 1991 {published data only} Lin M, Chiang H. The efficacy of early continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. J Formosan Med Assoc 1991;90(8):736-43.
11. Lin 1995 {published data only} Lin M, Yang Y, Chiang H, Chang M, Chiang BN, Cheitlin MD. Reappraisal of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest 1995;107:1379-86.
12. Masip 2000 {published data only} Masip J, Betbesé AJ, Paéz J, Vecilla F, Cañizares R, Padró J, Paz MA, et al.Non-invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomized trial. Lancet 2000;356:2126-32.
13. Mehta 1997 {published data only} Mehta S, Jay GD, Woolard RH, Hipona RA, Connolly EM, Cimini DM, et al.Randomized, prospective trial of bilevel versus continuous positive airway pressure in acute pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med 1997;25(4):620-8.
14. Nava 2003 {published and unpublished data} Carbone G, et al.Noninvasive bilevel ventilation vs conventional therapy in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a randomized controlled study. Eur Respir J 2000;16:A3815.
15. Nava S. Bilevel ventilation reduces the rate of endotracheal intubation in the hypercapnic, but not in the hypoxemic patients during acute respiratory failure due to cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a multicenter randomized study vs standard medical therapy. Eur Respir J 2001;18:A184s.
16. * Nava S, Carbone G, DiBattista N, Bellone A, Baiardi P, Cosentini R, et al.Noninvasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:1432-7.
17. Park 2001 {published and unpublished data} Park M. Randomized prospective trial of oxygen, continuos and bilevel positive airway pressure in the treatment of cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165(Suppl 8):A27.
18. * Park M, Lorenzi-Filho G, Feltrim MI, Viecili PRN, Sangean MC, Volpe M, et al.Oxygen therapy, continuous positive airway pressure, or noninvasive bilivel positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Arq Bras Cardiol 2001;76(3):226-30.
19. Park 2004 {published and unpublished data} * Park M, Sangean MC, Volpe MS, Feltrim MIZ, Nozawa E, Leite PF, et al.Randomized, prospective trial of oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med 2004;32(12): 2407-15.
20. Räsänen 1985 {published data only} * Räsänen J, Heikkilä J, Downs J, Nikki P, Väisänen I, Viitanen A. Continuous positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:296-300.
21. Sharon 2000 {published data only} Sharon A, Shpirer I, Kaluski E, Moshkovitz Y, Milanov O, Polak R, et al.High-dose intravenous Isosorbide-dinitrate is safer and better than Bi-PAP ventilation for severe pulmonary edema. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36(3):832-7.
22. Takeda 1997 {published and unpublished data} * Takeda S, Takano T, Ogawa R. The effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in patients with severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Anesth Analg 1997;84:1091-6.
23. Takeda 1998 {published and unpublished data} * Takeda S, Neijima J, Takano T, Nakanishi K, Takayama M, Sakamoto A, et al.Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on pulmonary edema complicating acute myocardial infarction. Jpn Circ J 1998.;62:553-58.
24. Thys 2002 {published and unpublished data} Thys F, Roeseler J, Reynaert M, Liistro G, Rodenstein DO. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2002;20:545-55.
25. Acosta 2000 {published data only} Acosta B, DiBenedetto R, Rahimi A, Acosta MF, Cuadra O, Van Nguyen A, et al.Hemodynamic effects of noninvasive bilevel positive airway pressure on patients with chronic congestive heart failure with systolic dysfunction. Chest 2000;118(4):1004- 1009.
26. Albert 2000 {published data only} Albert RK. Turnabout may be more than fair play. Critical Care Medicine 2000;28(2):571-2.
27. Andrade 1998 {published data only} Andrade CLV, Mendoza JN. Acute respiratory distress of the adult [Distress respiratorio agudo del adulto]. Bol Hosp San Juan de Dios 1998;45(1):13-9.
28. Antonelli 2001 {published data only} Antonelli M, Conti G, Moro ML, Esquinas A, Gonzalez-Diaz G, Confalonieri M, et al.Predictors of failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A multi-center study. Intensive Care Medicine 2001;27(11):1718-28.
29. Barach 1938 {published data only} Barach AL Martin J, Eckman M. Positive pressure respiration and its application to the treatment of acute pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med 1938;12:754-95.
30. Baratz 1992 {published data only} Baratz DM, Westbrook PR, Shah PK, Mohsenifar Z. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on cardiac output and oaxygen delivery in patients with congestive heart failure. Chest 1992;102(5):1397-1401.
31. Bellone 2002 {published data only} Bellone A, Barbieri A, Ricci C, Iori E, Donateo M, Massobrio M, et al.Acute effects of non-invasive ventilatory support on functional mitral regurgitation in patients with exacerbation of congestive heart failure. Intensive Care Medicine 2002;28(9):1348-50.
32. Blomqvist 1991 {published data only} Blomqvist H. Does PEEP facilitate the resolution of extravascular lung water after experimental hydrostatic pulmonary edema?. Eur Respir J 1991;4:1053-9.
33. Bollaert 2002 {published data only} Bollaert PE, Sauder PH, Girard F, Rusterholtz TH, Feissel M, Harlay ML, et al.Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) VS proportional assist ventilation (PAV) for noninvasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2002; Vol. 165, issue Suppl 8:A387.
34. Bouquin 1998 {published data only} Bouquin V, L'Her E, Moriconi M, Jobic Y, Matheu B, Guillo P, Paris A, Pennec PY, Boles JM, Blanc JJ. Spontaneous ventilation in positive expiratory pressure in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Archives des maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux 1998;91(10):1243-8.
35. Bradley 2000 {published data only} Bradley TD. continuous positive airway pressure for congestive heart failure. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2000;162(4):535-6.
36. Brezins 1993 {published data only} Brezins M, Benari B, Papo V, Cohen A, Bursztein S, Markiewicz W. Left ventricular function in patients with acutemyocardial infarction, acute pulmonary edema, and mechanical ventilation: Relationship to prognosis. Critical Care Medicine 1993;21(3):380-5.
37. Brijker 1999 {published data only} Brijker F, van den Elshout FJ, de Rijk A, Folgering HT, Bosch FH. Use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation to avoid intubation during acute respiratory insufficiency. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 1999;143(36):1819-23.
38. Brochard 1998 {published data only} Brochard L. Use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for cardiogenic pulmonary edema in emergency care unit. Presse Medicale 1998;27(22):1105-1107.
39. Chadda 2002 {published data only} Chadda K, Annane D, Hart N, Gajdos P, Raphael JC, Lofaso F. Cardiac and respiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiac pulmonary edema. Critical Care Medicine 2002;30(11):2457-61.
40. Crane 2002 {published data only} Crane SD. Epidemiology, treatment and outcome of acidotic, acute, cardiogenic pulmonary oedema presenting to and Emergency department. Eur J Emerg Med 2002;9:320-4.
41. Craven 2000 {published data only} Craven RA, Singletary N, Bosken L, Sewell E, Payne M, Lipsey R. Use of bilevel positive airway pressure in out-of-hospital patients. Acad Emerg Med 2000;7(9):1065-8.
42. Cross 2000 {published data only} Cross AM. Review of the role of non-invasive ventilation in the emergency department. Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine 2000;17(2):79-85.
43. Cross 2003 {published data only} Cross AM, Cameron P, Kierce M, Ragg M, Kelly AM. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: a randomized comparison of continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive airway pressure. Emergency Medicine Journal 2003;20(6):531-4.
44. Cydulka 2005 {published data only} Cydulka RK. Noninvasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema: Amulticenter randomized trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2005;45(2):227-8.
45. Domenighetti 2002 {published data only} Domenighetti G, Gayer R, Gentilini R. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in non-COPD patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and severe community-acquired pneumonia: acute effects and outcome. Intensive Care Medicine 2002;28(9):1226-32.
46. Du Cailar 1975 {published data only} Du Cailar J, Huguenard P, Kielen J, Griffe D. Justification, methods and indications for positive-pressure respiration in controlled and spontaneous ventilation in lesional pulmonary edeman. Annales de l'Anesthesiologie Francaise 1975;2:196-206.
47. Eaton 2002 {published data only} Eaton S. Martin G. Clinical developments for treating ARDS. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 2002;11(1):37-48.
48. Evans 2001 {published data only} Evans TW, Albert RK, Angus DC, Bion JF, Chiche J, Epstein SK, et al.International Consensus conferences in intensive care medicine: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:283-91.
49. Fromm 1995 {published data only} Fromm Jr RE, Varon J, Gibbs LR. Congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema for emergency physician. Journal of Emergency Medicine 1995;13(1):71-87.
50. Giacomini 2003 {published data only} Giacomini M, Iapichino G, Cigada M, Minuto A, Facchini R, Noto A, et al.Short-term noninvasive pressure support ventilation prevents ICU admittance in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest 2003;123(6):2057-61.
51. Girou 2003 {published data only} Girou E, Brun-Buisson C, Taille S, Lemaire F, Brochard L. Secular trends in nosocomial infections and mortality associated with noninvasive ventilation in patients with exacerbation of COPD and pulmonary edema. JAMA 2003;290(22):2985-91.
52. Guerra 2005 {published data only} Guerra JF. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema [Ventilación no invasiva en el edema pulmonar agudo cardiogénico: debe individualizarse?]. Med Clin (Barc) 2005;124(4):142-3.
53. Guntupalli 1984 {published data only} Guntupalli KK. Acute pulmomnary edema. Cardiology Clinics 1984;2(2):183-200.
54. Gust 1998 {published data only} Gust R, Bohrer H. Changes in crdiac output do not explain the higher rate of myocardial infarction associated with the use of bilevel compared with continuous positive airway pressure. Critical Care Medicine 1998;26(2):415-6.
55. Hao 2002 {published data only} Hao CX, Luo XR, Liu YM. Treatment of severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema with continuous positive airway pressure by nasal face mask. Acta Academiae Medicinae Jiangxi 2002;42(5):48-50.
56. Hess 2004 {published data only} Hess DR. The evidence for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in the care of patients in acute respiratory failure: a systematic review of the literature. Respir Care 2004;49(7):810-29.
57. Hilberg 1997 {published data only} Hilberg RE, Johnson DC. Noninvasive ventilation. New England Journal of Medicine 1997;337(34):1746-52.
58. Hipona 1996 {published data only} Hipona RA, Jay GD, Woolard RH, Hill NS, Mehta S. Positive airway pressure suppor and myocardial ischemia. Academic Emergency Medicine 1996;3(7):729-30.
59. Hoffman B 1999 {published data only} Hoffmann B. Welte F. The use of noninvasive pressure support ventilation for severe respiratory insufficiency due to pulmonary oedema. Pneumologie 1999;53(6):316- 21.
60. Hoffmann 1999 {published data only} Hoffmann B. Welte T. The use of noninvasive pressure support ventilation for severe respiratory insufficiency due to pulmonary oedema. Intensive Care Medicine 1999;25(1):15-20.
61. Holt 1994 {published data only} Holt AW, Bersten AD, Fuller S, Piper RK, Worthley LI, Vedig AE. Intensive care costing methodology: cost benefit analysis of mask continuous positive airway pressure for severe cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Anaesth Intensive Care 1994;22(2): 170-4.
62. Hotchkiss 1998 {published data only} Hotchkiss JR, Marini JJ. Noninvasive ventilation: An emerging supportive technique for the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1998;32(4):470-9.
63. Hughes 1999 {published data only} Hughes CM. Review: continuous positive airway pressure support reduces the need for intubation in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. ACP Journal Club 1999;130(3):58.
64. Iapichino 2004 {published data only} Iapichino G, Giacomini M, Bassi G, Borotto E, Minuto A. Non invasive mechanical ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: is it all done?. Minerva Anestesiologica 2004;70(4):151-7.
65. Jackson 2000 {published data only} Jackson P. Continuous positive airway pressure: the need for prehospital research and clinical trials. Australasian Journal of Emergency Care 2000;7(3):22-5.
66. Jackson 2001 {published data only} Jackson R, Carley S. CPAP in acute left ventricular failure. Emergency Medicine Journal 2001;18(1):63-4.
67. Jackson R 2001 {published data only} Jackson R, Jones S. NIPPV for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Emergency Medicine Journal 2001;18(6):464-5.
68. Kallio 2003 {published data only} Kallio T, Kuisma M, Alaspaa A, Rosenberg PH. The use of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure treatment in presumed acute severe pulmonary edema. Prehospital Emergency Care 2003;7(2):209-13.
69. Keenan 2004 {published data only} Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Hill NS. Does noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improve outcome in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure? A systematic review. Critical Care Medicine 2004;32(12):2516-23.
70. Kelly 2001 {published data only} Kelly C, Newby DE, Boon NA, Douglas NJ. Support ventilation versus conventional oxygen. Lancet 2001;357:1126.
71. Kiely 1998 {published data only} Kiely JL, Deegan P, Buckley A, Shiels P, Maurer B, McNicholas WT. Efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy in chronic heart failure: Importance of underlying cardiac rhythm. Thorax 1998;53(11):957-62.
72. Kindgen-Milles 2000 {published data only} Kindgen-Milles D, Buhl R, Gabriel A, Bohner H, Muller E. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure: A method to avoid endothracheal reintubation in postoperative high-risk patients with severe nonhypercapnic oxygenation failure. Chest 2000;117(4):1106-11.
73. Kosowsky 2000 {published data only} Kosowsky JM, Storrow AB, Carleton SC. Continuous and bilevel positive airway pressure in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2000;18(1):91-95.
74. Kosowsky 2001 {published data only} Kosowsky JM, Stephanides SL, Branson RD, Sayre MR. Prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for presumed pulmonary edema: a preliminary case series. Prehosp Emerg Care 2001;5(2):190-6.
75. Kramer 1995 {published data only} Kramer N, Thomaas JM, Meharg J, Cece RD, Hill NS. Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1799-806.
76. L'Her 1998 {published data only} L'Her E, Duquesne F, Paris A, Mouline J, Renault A, Garo B, Boles JM. Spontaneous positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation in elderly patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Presse Medicale 1998;27(22):1089-94.
77. L'Her E 1998 {published data only} L'Her E, Moriconi M, Texier F, Bouquin V, Kaba L, Renault A, Garo B, Boles JM. Non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure in acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure - experience of an emergency department. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 1998;5(3):313-8.
78. Lal 1969 {published data only} Lal S, Savidge RS, Chhabra GP. Oxygen administration after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1969;1:381-3.
79. Lapinsky 1994 {published data only} Lapinsky SE, Mount DB, Mackey D, Grossman RF. Management of acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema with nasal positive pressure support. Chest 1994;105:229-31.
80. Lenique 1997 {published data only} Lenique F, Habis M, Lofaso F, Dubois-Randé J, Harf A, Brochard L. Ventilatory and hemodynamic effects of continuous positive airway pressure in left heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:500-5.
81. Liesching T 2003 {published data only} Liesching T. Kwok H. Hill NS. Acute applications of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Chest 2003;124(2):699-713.
82. Lo Coco 1997 {published data only} Lo Coco A, Vitali G, Marchese S, Bozzo P, Pesco C, Arena A. Treatment of acute respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary oedema with bi-level positive airway pressure by nasal mask. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1997;52(5):444-6.
83. Mackay CA 2000 {published data only} Mackay CA, Mackay TW, Barr J, Newby D, McDonagh T, Douglas NJ. Randomized controlled trial of CPAP vs conventional therapy in acute pulmonary edema. American Journal Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 2000;161:A416.
84. Massaria 1976 {published data only} Massaria E, De Liguori S, Castelli P, Cattani C, Merli M, Pratelli EM. Use of artificial respiration in complicated acute myocarial infarct. Critical evaluation. Minerva Anestesiologica 1976;42(5):391-5.
85. Meduri 1991 {published data only} Meduri GU. Nonivasive face mask mechanical ventilation in patients with acute hipercapnic respiratory failure. Chest 1991;100:445-54.
86. Mehta 2000 {published data only} Mehta S, Liu PP, Fitzgerald FS, Allidina YK, Douglas Bradley T. Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiac volumes in patients with ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161(1):128-34.
87. Mehta 2004 {published data only} Mehta S. Continuous versus bilevel positive airway pressure in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema? A good question!. Critical Care Medicine 2004;32(12):2546-8.
88. Mehta 2005 {published data only} Mehta S, Nava S. Mask ventilation and cardiogenic pulmonary edema: "another brick in the wall". Intensive Care Med 2005;31:757-9.
89. Minuto 2003 {published data only} Minuto A, Giacomini M, Giamundo B, Tartufari A, Denkewitz T, Marzorati S, et al.Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Minerva Anestesiologica 2003;69(11):835-40.
90. Mollica 2001 {published data only} Mollica C, Brunetti G, Buscajoni M, Cecchini L, Maialetti E, Marazzi M, et al.Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in acute hypoxemic (non hypercapnic) respiratory failure. Observations in Respiratory Intermediate Intensive Care Unit. Minerva Anestesiologica 2001;67(3):107-15.
91. Moritz 2003 {published data only} Moritz F, Benichou J, Vanhest M, Richard JC, Line S, Hellot MF, et al.Boussignac continuous positive airway pressure device in the emergency care of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomized pilot study. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2003;10(3):204-8.
92. Murray 2002 {published data only} Murray S. Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO) in the emergency department. Australian Critical Care 2002;15(2):51-63.
93. Murray 2003 {published data only} Murray S. Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO) in emergency department. Australian Emergency Nursing Journal 2003;6(1):19-35.
94. Nadar 2005 {published data only} Nadar S, Prasad N, Taylor RS, Lip GYH. Positive pressure ventilation in the management of acute and chronic cardiac failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Int J Cardiol 2005;99(2):171-85.
95. Nava 2002 {published data only} Nava S, Carlucci A. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: Common strategy for differnet pathologies?. Intensive Care Medicine 2002;28(9):1205-7.
96. Newberry 1995 {published data only} Newberry DL. Noninvasive bilevel positive pressure ventilation in severe acute pulmonary edema. Am J Emerg Med 1995;13:479-82.
97. Nikki 1982 {published data only} Nikki P, Rasanen J, Tahvanainen J, Makelainen A. Ventilatory pattern in respiratory failure arising from acute myocardial infarction. I. Respiratory and hemodynamic effects of IMV4 vs IPPV12 and PEEP0 vs PEEP10. Critical Care Medicine 1982;10(2):75-8.
98. Niranjan 1998 {published data only} Niranjan V, Bach J, Agusti AGN, Barbe F, Tagores B, Hilberg RE, Johnson DC. Noninvasive ventilation. New England Journal of Medicine 1998;338(19):1388-9.
99. Panacek 2002 {published data only} Panacek EA, Kirk JD. Role of noninvasive ventilation in the managemnet of acutely descompensated heart failure. Reviews i Cardiovascular Medicine 2002;3(Suppl 4):S35-40.
100. Pang 1998 {published data only} Pang D, Keena SP, Cook DJ, Sibald WJ. The effect of positive pressure airway support onmortality and the need for intubation i cardiogenic pulmonary edema: A systematic review. Chest 1998;114(4):1185-92.
101. Park 2005 {published data only} Park M. Noninvasive ventilation in threatment of the acute pulmonary oedema. Where are we really?. Jornal do médico - Hospital Sírio Libanês 2005;38:10-11.
102. Perel 1983 {published data only} Perel A, Willianson DC. Effectiveness of CPAP by mask for pulmonary edema associated with hypercarbia. Intensive Care Med 1983;9:17-9.
103. Philip-joet 1999 {published data only} Philip-Joet FF, Paganelli FFF, Dutau HL. Hemodynamic effects of bilevel nasal positive airway pressure ventilation in patients with heart failure. Respiration 1999;66:136-43.
104. Pollack 1996 {published data only} Pollack CV Jr, Torres MT, Alexander L. Feasibility study of the use of bilevel positive airway pressure for respiratory support in the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1996;27(2):189-92.
105. Poponick 1999 {published data only} Poponick JM, Renston JP, Bennett RP, Emerman CL. Use of a ventilatory support system (BIPAP) for acute respiratory failure in the emergency department. Chest 1999;116(1):166-71.
106. Poulton 1936 {published data only} Poulton PE. Left-side heart failure with pulmonary edema: its treatment with the "pulmonary plus pressure machine". Lancet 1936;2:981-3.
107. Rabatin 1999 {published data only} Rabatin JT, Gay PC. Noinvasive ventilation. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1999;74(8):817-20.
108. Rasanen J 1985 {published data only} Räsänen J, Väisanen IT, Heikkilä J, Nikki P. Acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and respiratory failure. Chest 1985;87(2):158-62.
109. Rizk 1982 {published data only} Rizk NW, Murray JF. PEEP and pulmonary edema. Am J Med 1982;72:381-3.
110. Roche 2003 {published data only} Roche F, Xuong ANT, Court-Fortune I, Costes F, Pichot V, Duverney D, et al. Relationship among the severity of sleep apnea syndrome, cardiac arrhythmias, and autonomic imbalance. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 2003;26(3):669-77.
111. Rusterholtz 1999 {published data only} Rusterholtz T, Kempf J, Berton C, Gayol S, Tournoud C, Zaehringer M, et al.Noninvasive pressure support ventilation (NIPSV) with face mask in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Intensive Care Med 1999;25(1):21-8.
112. Sacchetti 2001 {published data only} Sachetti A. Effectiveness of BiPAP for congestive heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2001;37(6):1754-5.
113. Sachetti 1995 {published data only} Sachetti AD, Harris RH, Paston C. Bi-level positive airway pressure support system use in acut congestive failure:Preliminary case series. Acad Emerg Med 1995;2:714-8.
114. Salvucci A 2001 {published data only} Salvucci A Jr. CPAP for cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Emergency Medical Services 2001;30(7):84.
115. Sarullo 2004 {published data only} Sarullo FM, D'Alfonso G, Brusca I, De Michele P, Taomina A, Di Pasquale P, et al.Efficacy and safety of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation therapy in acute pulmonary edema. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2004;62(1):7-11.
116. Severinghaus 2002 {published data only} Severinghaus JW. Sightings. High Altitude Medicine & Biology 2002;3(1):9-16.
117. Simonds 2000 {published data only} Simonds AK. Nasal ventilation: Where are we?. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2000;55(1):45-9.
118. Sinuff 2000 {published data only} Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Randall J, Allen C. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation: A utilization review of use in a teaching hospital. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2000;163(8):969-73.
119. Somauroo 2000 {published data only} Somauroo J, Wilkinson M, White V, Rodrigues E, Connolly D, Calverley P, et al.Acute hemodynamic changes of nasal bilevel and continuous positive airway pressure ventilation in patients with congestive heart failure. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;161(3):A548.
120. Sutton 2002 {published data only} Sutton AGC, Cooper N, Jacob B. Biphasic positive pressure ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. British Journal of Cardiology 2002;9(3):141-2.
121. Uy 2003 {published data only} Uy CA, Limpin MEB, Guzman AV, De Guia TS. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) among patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. European Respiratory Journal 2003;22(Suppl 45):P553.
122. Vaisanen 1987 {published data only} Vaisanen IT, Rasane J. Continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest 1987;92(3):481-5.
123. Valipour 2004 {published data only} Valipour A, Cozzarini W, Burghuber OC. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in patients with respiratory failure due to severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Respiration 2004;71(2):144-51.
124. Werdan 1999 {published data only} Werdan K. Emergency treatment of acute heart failure. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1999;124(Suppl 2):S54-63.
125. Widger 2001 {published data only} Widger HN, Hoffman P, Mazzolini D, Stone A, Scholly S, Clark J. Pressure upport noninvasive positive pressure ventilation treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2001;19(3):179-81.
126. Wood 1998 {published data only} Wood KA, Lewis L, Harz BV, Kollef MH. The use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the emergency department. Chest 1998;113:1339-46.
127. Wright 2001 {published data only} Wright J, Louis J, Younge P, Crane SD, Gray AJ, Elliott MW. The role of non-invasive ventilation in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Journal 2001;18(5):413-4.
128. Wysocki 1995 {published data only} Wysocki M, Tric L, Wolff MA, Millet H, Herman B. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. A randomized comparison with conventional therapy. Chest 1995;107(3):761-8.
129. Wysocki 1999 {published data only} Wysocki M. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: Better than CPAP?. Intensive Care Med 1999;25:1-2.
130. Ferrari 2007 {published data only} Ferrari G, Olliveri F, De Filippi G, Milan A, Apra F, Boccuzzi A, et al.Noninvasive positive airway pressure and risk of myocardial infarction in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: continuous positive airway pressure vs noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Chest 2007;132(6):1804-9.
131. Moritz 2007 {published data only} Moritz F, Brousse B, Gellee B, Chajara A, L'Her E, Hellot MF, et al.Continuous positive airway pressure versus bilevel noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Emerg Med 2007;50(6): 666-75.
132. AHA 2005 Heart and Stroke Statistics. www.americanheart.org [accessed in 02/13/2005] 2005.
133. Alderson 2004 Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JPT. Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.2. Cochrane Colaboration, 2004.
134. Allison 1991 Allison RC. Initial tratment of pulmonary edema: a physiological approach. Am J Med Sci 1991;302(6):385-91.
135. Bach 1997 Bach JR, Brougher P, Hess DR, Hill NS, Kacmarek RM, Kreimer D, et al.Consensus statement noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Respir Care 1997;2(4):365-9.
136. Castro 1999 Castro AA, Clark OAC, Atallah NA. Optimal search strategy for clinical trials in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS database): Update. Rev Paul Med 1999;117(3):138-9.
137. Confalonieri 1999 Confalonieri M, Potena A, Carbone G, Della Porta R, Tolley E, Meduri GU. Acute respiratory failure inpatients with severe community acquired pneumonia. A prospective randomized evaluation of non-invasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:1585- 91.
138. Covelli 1982 Covelli HD, Weled BJ, Beekman JF. Efficacy of
139. Dickersin 1994 Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebvre C. Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ 1994;309:1286-91.
140. Egger 1997 Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by simple, graph test. BMJ 1997;315:629- 634.
141. Gehlbach 2004 Gehlbach BK, Geppert E. The pulmonary manifestations of left heart failure. Chest 2004;125:669-82.
142. Gibelin 2002 Gibelin P. Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and its treatment. Rev Prat 2002;52(15):1655-8.
143. Jadad 2000 Jadad AR, Moher M, Browman GP, et al.Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on treatment of asthma: critical evaluation. BMJ 2000;320:537-540.
144. Keenan 1997 Keenan SP, Kernerman PD, Cook DJ, Martin CM, McCormack D, Sibbald WJ. Effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on mortality in patients admitted with acute respiratory failure: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 1997;25(10):1685-92.
145. Kelly 1997 Kelly AM, Georgakas C, Bau S. Experience with the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in the emergency management of acute severe cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Aust NZ J Med 1997;27(3):319-22.
146. Lefebvre 1996 Lefebvre C, McDonald S. Development of a sensitive search strategy for reports of randomized controlled trials in EMBASE. Fourth International Cochrane Colloquium. Adelaide, 1996.
147. Martínez 1995 Martínez AS, Muñoz VD, Lisboa CB, Jalil JM, Godoy IJ, Moreno RB, et al.Non invasive intermittent mechanical ventilation in the treatment of chronic severe cardiac failure. Rev Méd Chile 1995;123:1467-75.
148. McKibbon McKibbon KA, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. What do evidence-based secondary journals tell us about the publication of clinically important article in primary healthcare journals?. BMC 2004;2:3.
149. Meyer 1998 Meyer EC, Lorenzi Filho G, Schttino PP, Carvalho RR. Noninvasive ventilation in the severe congestive heart failure patient. Rev Soc Cardiol Estado de São Paulo 1998;8(3):420-7.
150. Nieminen 2005 Nieminen MS, Böhm M, Cowie MR, Drexler H, Filippatos GS, Jondeau G, et al.Executive summary of the guidelline on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure. European Heart Journal 2005;26:384-416.
151. Ram 2004 Ram FSF, Picot J, Lightowler J, Wedzicha JA. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004104.pub3]
152. Remme 1997 Remme WJ, Cleland JGF, Dargie H, Erdmann R, Ferrari J, Kjekshus M, et al. The treatment of heart failure. The task force of the Working Group on heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 1997;18:736-753.
153. SBC 2004 Guimarães JI. Latin-American guideline for the evaluation and management of descompensed heart failure [IDiretriz Latino-Americana para Avaliação eConduta na Insuficiência Cardíaca Descompensada]. Available online at http://publicacoes.cardiol. br/consenso/2004/I_Dir_Latino_Americ_Ins_Cardiaca.asp [Accessed 2 13 2005] 2004.
154. Schulz 1995 Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman D. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 1995;273(5):408- 12.
155. Väisänen 1987 Väisänen IT, Räsänen J.Continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen in threatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chest 1987;92(3):481-5.
156. Williams 1995 Williams JF, Bristow MR, Fowler MB, Francis GS, Garson A, Gersh BJ, et al.Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26(5):1376-98.