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* Ahl T, Dalen N, Holmberg S, Selvik G. Early weight bearing of malleolar fractures. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1986;57(6): 526-9.
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Ahl T, Sjoberg HE, Dalen N. Bone mineral content in the calcaneus after ankle fracture. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1988;59(2):173-5.
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* Ahl T, Dalen N, Holmberg S, Selvik G. Early weight bearing of displaced ankle fractures. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1987;58(5):535-8.
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* Ahl T, Dalen N, Holmberg S, Selvik G. Early weight bearing of displaced ankle fractures. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1987;58(5):535-8.
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Ahl T, Dalen N, Selvik G. Ankle fractures. A clinical and roentgenographic stereophotogrammetric study. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1989;(245):246-55.
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Ahl T, Sjoberg H, Dalen N. Bone mineral content in the calcaneus after ankle fracture. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1988;59(2):173-5.
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Ahl 1988 {published and unpublished data} Ahl T, Dalen N, Selvik G. Mobilization after operation of ankle fractures. Good results of early motion and weight bearing. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1988;59(3):302-6.
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Ahl 1988 {published and unpublished data} Ahl T, Dalen N, Selvik G. Mobilization after operation of ankle fractures. Good results of early motion and weight bearing. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1988;59(3):302-6.
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Ahl 1993 {published and unpublished data} Ahl T, Dalen N, Lundberg A, Bylund C. Early mobilization of operated on ankle fractures: Prospective, controlled study of 40 bimalleolar cases. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1993;64(1):95-9.
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Brink 1996 {published and unpublished data} Brink O, Staunstrup H, Sommer J. DonJoy R.O.M-Walker versus Aircast in treatment of stable lateral malleolar fractures. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1996;67(Suppl 267):37.
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Brink 1996 {published and unpublished data} Brink O, Staunstrup H, Sommer J. DonJoy R.O.M-Walker versus Aircast in treatment of stable lateral malleolar fractures. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1996;67(Suppl 267):37.
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Brink O, Staunstrup H, Sommer J. Stable lateral malleolar fractures treated with Aircast ankle brace and DonJoy ROM-Walker - a prospective randomised study. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1996;67(270):28.
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* Brink O, Staunstrup H, Sommer J. Stable lateral malleolar fractures treated with aircast ankle brace and DonJoy ROM-Walker brace: a prospective randomized study. Foot and Ankle International 1996;17(11):679-84.
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* Brink O, Staunstrup H, Sommer J. Stable lateral malleolar fractures treated with aircast ankle brace and DonJoy ROM-Walker brace: a prospective randomized study. Foot and Ankle International 1996;17(11):679-84.
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Christie 1990 {published data only} Christie AD, Willoughby GL. The effect of interferential therapy on swelling following open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 1990;6(1):3-7.
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Christie 1990 {published data only} Christie AD, Willoughby GL. The effect of interferential therapy on swelling following open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 1990;6(1):3-7.
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15
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Davies 1991 {published data only} Davies S. Effects of continuous passive movement and plaster of Paris after internal fixation of ankle fractures. Physiotherapy 1991;77(8):516-20.
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Davies 1991 {published data only} Davies S. Effects of continuous passive movement and plaster of Paris after internal fixation of ankle fractures. Physiotherapy 1991;77(8):516-20.
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1994 {published and unpublished data} DiStasio AJ 2nd, Jaggears FR, DePasquale LV, Frassica FJ, Turen CH. Protected early motion versus cast immobilization in postoperative management of ankle fractures
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DiStasio 1994 {published and unpublished data} DiStasio AJ 2nd, Jaggears FR, DePasquale LV, Frassica FJ, Turen CH. Protected early motion versus cast immobilization in postoperative management of ankle fractures. Contemporary Orthopaedics 1994;29(4):273-7.
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Dogra 1999 {published data only} Dogra AS, Rangan A. A prospective randomised control study comparing early mobilisation versus immobilisation of surgically treated ankle fractures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British 1997;79(Suppl 3):367-8.
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Dogra 1999 {published data only} Dogra AS, Rangan A. A prospective randomised control study comparing early mobilisation versus immobilisation of surgically treated ankle fractures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume 1997;79(Suppl 3):367-8.
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* Dogra AS, Rangan A. Early mobilisation versus immobilisation of surgically treated ankle fractures. Prospective randomised control trial. Injury 1999;30(6):417-9.
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* Dogra AS, Rangan A. Early mobilisation versus immobilisation of surgically treated ankle fractures. Prospective randomised control trial. Injury 1999;30(6):417-9.
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Egol 2000 {published and unpublished data} Egol KA, Dolan R, Koval KJ. Functional outcome of surgery for fractures of the ankle. A prospective, randomised comparison of management in a cast or a functional brace. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British 2000;82(2):246-9.
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Egol 2000 {published and unpublished data} Egol KA, Dolan R, Koval KJ. Functional outcome of surgery for fractures of the ankle. A prospective, randomised comparison of management in a cast or a functional brace. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume 2000;82(2):246-9.
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Finsen 1989 {published data only} Finsen V, Benum P. Osteopenia after ankle fractures. The influence of early weight bearing and muscle activity. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1989;(245):261-8.
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Finsen 1989 {published data only} Finsen V, Benum P. Osteopenia after ankle fractures. The influence of early weight bearing and muscle activity. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1989;(245):261-8.
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* Finsen V, Saetermo R, Kibsgaard L, Farran K, Engebretsen L, Bolz KD, et al.Early postoperative weight-bearing and muscle activity in patients who have a fracture of the ankle. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American 1989;71(1):23-7.
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* Finsen V, Saetermo R, Kibsgaard L, Farran K, Engebretsen L, Bolz KD, et al.Early postoperative weight-bearing and muscle activity in patients who have a fracture of the ankle. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American Volume 1989;71(1):23-7.
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Fitzgerald 1994 {published and unpublished data} Fitzgerald P, Fitzgerald F, Burke P, Moran R. Can venous function or swelling be improved after ankle fractures?. Irish Journal of Medical Science 1994;163(4):161-2.
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Fitzgerald 1994 {published and unpublished data} Fitzgerald P, Fitzgerald F, Burke P, Moran R. Can venous function or swelling be improved after ankle fractures?. Irish Journal of Medical Science 1994;163(4):161-2.
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Ginandes 1999 {published data only} Ginandes CS, Rosenthal DI. Using hypnosis to accelerate the healing of bone fractures: a randomized controlled pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 1999;5(2):67-75.
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Ginandes 1999 {published data only} Ginandes CS, Rosenthal DI. Using hypnosis to accelerate the healing of bone fractures: a randomized controlled pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 1999;5(2):67-75.
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24
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Handolin 2005a {published and unpublished data} Handolin L, Kiljunen V, Arnala I, Kiuru MJ, Pajarinen J, Partio EK, et al.No long-term effects of ultrasound therapy on bioabsorbable screw-fixed lateral malleolar fracture. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 2005;94(3):239-42.
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Handolin 2005a {published and unpublished data} Handolin L, Kiljunen V, Arnala I, Kiuru MJ, Pajarinen J, Partio EK, et al.No long-term effects of ultrasound therapy on bioabsorbable screw-fixed lateral malleolar fracture. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 2005;94(3):239-42.
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Hedstrom 1994 {published data only} Hedstrom M, Ahl T, Dalen N. Early postoperative ankle exercise. A study of prospective lateral malleolar fractures. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1994;(300):193-6.
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Hedstrom 1994 {published data only} Hedstrom M, Ahl T, Dalen N. Early postoperative ankle exercise. A study of prospective lateral malleolar fractures. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1994;(300):193-6.
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26
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Hernandez 2006 {published and unpublished data} Hernandez M, Rivkin G, Leibner ED, Shiloach M, Elishoov O, Liebergall M. Prevention of immobilization related muscular atrophy using the Myospare device: a controlled, randomized, open study to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of electrical gastrocnemius stimulation in ankle fractures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British 2006;88(Suppl II):333-4.
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Hernandez 2006 {published and unpublished data} Hernandez M, Rivkin G, Leibner ED, Shiloach M, Elishoov O, Liebergall M. Prevention of immobilization related muscular atrophy using the Myospare device: a controlled, randomized, open study to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of electrical gastrocnemius stimulation in ankle fractures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume 2006;88(Suppl II):333-4.
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* Hernandez M, Rivkin G, Leibner ED, Shiloach M, Elishoov O, Liebergall M. Prevention of immobilization related muscular atrophy using the Myospare device: a controlled, randomized, open study to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of electrical gastrocnemius stimulation in ankle fractures (as supplied 15 October 2006). Data on file.
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* Hernandez M, Rivkin G, Leibner ED, Shiloach M, Elishoov O, Liebergall M. Prevention of immobilization related muscular atrophy using the Myospare device: a controlled, randomized, open study to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of electrical gastrocnemius stimulation in ankle fractures (as supplied 15 October 2006). Data on file.
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Honigmann 2007 {published data only} Honigmann P, Goldhahn S, Rosenkranz J, Audige L, Geissmann D, Babst R. After treatment of malleolar fractures following ORIF - functional compared to protected functional in a vacuum-stabilized orthesis: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2007;127(3):195-203.
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Honigmann 2007 {published data only} Honigmann P, Goldhahn S, Rosenkranz J, Audige L, Geissmann D, Babst R. After treatment of malleolar fractures following ORIF - functional compared to protected functional in a vacuum-stabilized orthesis: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2007;127(3):195-203.
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Lehtonen 2003 {published data only} Lehtonen H, Jarvinen TL, Honkonen S, Nyman M, Vihtonen K, Jarvinen M. Use of a cast compared with a functional ankle brace after operative treatment of an ankle fracture. A prospective, randomized study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American 2003;85(2):205-11.
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Lehtonen 2003 {published data only} Lehtonen H, Jarvinen TL, Honkonen S, Nyman M, Vihtonen K, Jarvinen M. Use of a cast compared with a functional ankle brace after operative treatment of an ankle fracture. A prospective, randomized study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American Volume 2003;85(2):205-11.
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Losch 2002 {published data only} Losch A, Meybohm P, Schmalz T, Knopf E, Fuchs M, Dresing K. Prospective randomised study on the cost/benefit analysis of early functional after-treatment in operatively treated ankle joint fractures [Prospektiv randomisierte studie zur kosten-/ nutzenanalyse der fruhfunktionellen nachbehandlung bei operativ versorgten sprunggelenkfrakturen]. Hefte zu der Unfallchirurg 2002;284:232-3.
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Losch 2002 {published data only} Losch A, Meybohm P, Schmalz T, Knopf E, Fuchs M, Dresing K. Prospective randomised study on the cost/benefit analysis of early functional after-treatment in operatively treated ankle joint fractures [Prospektiv randomisierte studie zur kosten-/ nutzenanalyse der fruhfunktionellen nachbehandlung bei operativ versorgten sprunggelenkfrakturen]. Hefte zu der Unfallchirurg 2002;284:232-3.
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Moseley 2005 {published and unpublished data} * Moseley AM, Herbert RD, Nightingale EJ, Taylor DA, Evans TM, Robertson GJ, et al.Passive stretching does not enhance outcomes in patients with plantarflexion contracture after cast immobilization for ankle fracture: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005;86(6):1118-26.
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Moseley 2005 {published and unpublished data} * Moseley AM, Herbert RD, Nightingale EJ, Taylor DA, Evans TM, Robertson GJ, et al.Passive stretching does not enhance outcomes in patients with plantarflexion contracture after cast immobilization for ankle fracture: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005;86(6):1118-26.
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Rasmussen 2000 {published and unpublished data} Rasmussen S, Sperling KP, Jensen PK. Aircast pneumatic walker reduces pain and enhances rehabilitation after supination-eversion type 4 fractures. Abstracts, Danish Orthopaedic Society Meeting. Odense, Denmark, 2000.
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Rasmussen 2000 {published and unpublished data} Rasmussen S, Sperling KP, Jensen PK. Aircast pneumatic walker reduces pain and enhances rehabilitation after supination-eversion type 4 fractures. Abstracts, Danish Orthopaedic Society Meeting. Odense, Denmark, 2000.
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* Rasmussen S, Sperling KP, Jensen PK. Enhanced rehabilitation and reduced pain with pneumatic walker after internal fixation of malleolar fracture: a randomized study of efficacy in 40 patients (as supplied 13 February 2006). Data on file.
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* Rasmussen S, Sperling KP, Jensen PK. Enhanced rehabilitation and reduced pain with pneumatic walker after internal fixation of malleolar fracture: a randomized study of efficacy in 40 patients (as supplied 13 February 2006). Data on file.
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Reed 1998 {published and unpublished data} Reed M, Wright K, Du Fosse J, Cross A. Ankles can be immobilized in a backslab or wool and crepe post-operatively: a randomized prospective trial. Injury 1998;29(2):152-3.
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Reed 1998 {published and unpublished data} Reed M, Wright K, Du Fosse J, Cross A. Ankles can be immobilized in a backslab or wool and crepe post-operatively: a randomized prospective trial. Injury 1998;29(2):152-3.
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Siddique 2005 {published data only} Siddique A, Prasad CVR, O'Connor D. Early active mobilization versus cast immobilization in operatively treated ankle fractures: a prospective analysis of early functional recovery. European Journal of Trauma 2005;31(4):398-400.
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Siddique 2005 {published data only} Siddique A, Prasad CVR, O'Connor D. Early active mobilization versus cast immobilization in operatively treated ankle fractures: a prospective analysis of early functional recovery. European Journal of Trauma 2005;31(4):398-400.
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Sondenaa 1986 {published and unpublished data} Sondenaa K, Alho A, Hoigaard U, Smith D. The effect of immobilization in a plaster cast on ankle fractures after stable osteosynthesis. A randomized trial. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1982;53:710.
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Sondenaa 1986 {published and unpublished data} Sondenaa K, Alho A, Hoigaard U, Smith D. The effect of immobilization in a plaster cast on ankle fractures after stable osteosynthesis. A randomized trial. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1982;53:710.
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* Sondenaa K, Hoigaard U, Smith D, Alho A. Immobilization of operated ankle fractures. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1986;57(1):59-61.
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* Sondenaa K, Hoigaard U, Smith D, Alho A. Immobilization of operated ankle fractures. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1986;57(1):59-61.
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Stockle 2000 {published data only} Stockle U, Konig B, Tempka A, Sudkamp NP. Cast immobilization versus vacuum stabilizing system. Early functional results after osteosynthesis of ankle joint fractures [Gipsruhigstellung versus vakuumstutzsystem. Fruhfunktionelle ergebnisse nach osteosynthese von sprunggelenksfrakturen]. Unfallchirurg 2000;103(3):215-9.
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Stockle 2000 {published data only} Stockle U, Konig B, Tempka A, Sudkamp NP. Cast immobilization versus vacuum stabilizing system. Early functional results after osteosynthesis of ankle joint fractures [Gipsruhigstellung versus vakuumstutzsystem. Fruhfunktionelle ergebnisse nach osteosynthese von sprunggelenksfrakturen]. Unfallchirurg 2000;103(3):215-9.
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Stuart 1989 {published data only} Stuart P, Brumby C, Smith S. Comparative study of functional bracing and plaster cast treatment of stable lateral malleolar fractures. Injury 1989;20(6):323-6.
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Stuart 1989 {published data only} Stuart P, Brumby C, Smith S. Comparative study of functional bracing and plaster cast treatment of stable lateral malleolar fractures. Injury 1989;20(6):323-6.
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Tropp 1995 {published and unpublished data} Tropp H, Norlin R. Ankle performance after ankle fracture: a randomized study of early mobilization. Foot and Ankle International 1995;16(2):79-83.
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Tropp 1995 {published and unpublished data} Tropp H, Norlin R. Ankle performance after ankle fracture: a randomized study of early mobilization. Foot and Ankle International 1995;16(2):79-83.
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van Laarhoven 1996 {published and unpublished data} van Laarhoven CJ, Meeuwis JD, van der Werken C. Postoperative treatment of internally fixed ankle fractures: a prospective randomised study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British 1996;78(3):395-9.
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van Laarhoven 1996 {published and unpublished data} van Laarhoven CJ, Meeuwis JD, van der Werken C. Postoperative treatment of internally fixed ankle fractures: a prospective randomised study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume 1996;78(3):395-9.
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Vioreanu 2007 {published data only} * Vioreanu M, Dudeney S, Hurson B, Kelly E, O'Rourke K, Quinlan W. Early mobilization in a removable cast compared with immobilization in a cast after operative treatment of ankle fractures: a prospective randomized study. Foot & Ankle International 2007;28(1):13-9.
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Vioreanu 2007 {published data only} * Vioreanu M, Dudeney S, Hurson B, Kelly E, O'Rourke K, Quinlan W. Early mobilization in a removable cast compared with immobilization in a cast after operative treatment of ankle fractures: a prospective randomized study. Foot & Ankle International 2007;28(1):13-9.
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Vioreanu M, O'Briain D, Dudeney S, Hurson B, O'Rourke K, Kelly E, et al.Early exercising in removable cast compared with immobilisation in cast after operative treatment of ankle fractures. A prospective randomised study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British 2005;88(Suppl II):280.
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Vioreanu M, O'Briain D, Dudeney S, Hurson B, O'Rourke K, Kelly E, et al.Early exercising in removable cast compared with immobilisation in cast after operative treatment of ankle fractures. A prospective randomised study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume 2005;88(Suppl II):280.
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Wetzler 1991 {published and unpublished data} Wetzler M, Whitelaw G, Lee P. The post-operative management of ankle fractures with pneumatic braces versus short leg cast. Orthopaedic Transactions 1991;15:719.
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Wetzler 1991 {published and unpublished data} Wetzler M, Whitelaw G, Lee P. The post-operative management of ankle fractures with pneumatic braces versus short leg cast. Orthopaedic Transactions 1991;15:719.
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Wilson 1991 {published and unpublished data} Wilson FM. Manual therapy versus traditional exercises in mobilisation of the ankle post-ankle fracture: a pilot study. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 1991;19(3):11-6.
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Wilson 1991 {published and unpublished data} Wilson FM. Manual therapy versus traditional exercises in mobilisation of the ankle post-ankle fracture: a pilot study. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 1991;19(3):11-6.
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Airaksinen 1988 {published data only} Airaksinen O, Kolari PJ, Herve R, Holopainen R. Treatment of posttraumatic oedema in lower legs using intermittent pneumatic compression. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1988;20(1):25-8.
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Airaksinen 1988 {published data only} Airaksinen O, Kolari PJ, Herve R, Holopainen R. Treatment of posttraumatic oedema in lower legs using intermittent pneumatic compression. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1988;20(1):25-8.
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Airaksinen 1989 {published data only} Airaksinen O. Changes in posttraumatic ankle joint mobility, pain, and edema following intermittent pneumatic compression therapy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1989;70(4):341-4.
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Airaksinen 1989 {published data only} Airaksinen O. Changes in posttraumatic ankle joint mobility, pain, and edema following intermittent pneumatic compression therapy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1989;70(4):341-4.
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Biewener 2002 {published data only} Biewener A, Rammelt S, Teistler FM, Grass R, Zwipp H. Functional postoperative treatment of internally fixed ankle fractures with a flexible arthrodesis boot (Variostabil) [Funktionell ausgerichtete nachbehandlung von osteosynthesen des oberen sprunggelenkes mit dem flexiblen arthrodesenstiefel (Variostabil).]. Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und ihre Grenzgebiete 2002;140(3):334- 8.
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Biewener 2002 {published data only} Biewener A, Rammelt S, Teistler FM, Grass R, Zwipp H. Functional postoperative treatment of internally fixed ankle fractures with a flexible arthrodesis boot (Variostabil) [Funktionell ausgerichtete nachbehandlung von osteosynthesen des oberen sprunggelenkes mit dem flexiblen arthrodesenstiefel (Variostabil).]. Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und ihre Grenzgebiete 2002;140(3):334- 8.
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Bottai 1992 {published data only} Bottai M, Bernardini E, Mazzeo M, Nibetti S, Bianco M, Suligoj R, et al.Tibio-tarsal fractures and fracture-dislocations. The evolution of a functional method. Minerva Ortopedica e Traumatologica 1992;43(3):109-11.
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Bottai 1992 {published data only} Bottai M, Bernardini E, Mazzeo M, Nibetti S, Bianco M, Suligoj R, et al.Tibio-tarsal fractures and fracture-dislocations. The evolution of a functional method. Minerva Ortopedica e Traumatologica 1992;43(3):109-11.
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Burwell 1965 {published data only} Burwell HN, Charnley AD. The treatment of displaced fractures at the ankle by rigid internal fixation and early jointmovement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume 1965;47(4):634-60.
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Caschman 2004 {published data only} * Caschman J, Blagg S, Bishay M. The efficacy of the A-V Impulse system in the treatment of posttraumatic swelling following ankle fracture: a prospective randomized controlled study. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 2004;18(9):596- 601.
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Chen 2003 {published data only} Chen J, Jiang Y. The rehabilitation effect of small-cut single-side multiple functional exopexy stand on patients with unsteady fracture of tibia and fibula. Zhongguo Linchuang Kangfu 2003;7(6):1024.
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Cimino 1991 {published data only} Cimino W, Ichtertz D, Slabaugh P. Early mobilization of ankle fractures after open reduction and internal fixation. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1991;(267):152-6.
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Cook 1997 {published data only} Cook SD, Ryaby JP, McCabe J, Frey JJ, Heckman JD, Kristiansen TK. Acceleration of tibia and distal radius fracture healing in patients who smoke. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1997;(337):198-207.
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Dietrich 2002 {published data only} Dietrich A, Lill H, Engel T, Schonfelder M, Josten C. Conservative functional treatment of ankle fractures. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2002;122(3):165-8.
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Fischer 1982 {published data only} Fischer JG, Slabuagh P. Postoperative management of intra-articular ankle fractures following open reduction and internal fixation: cast versus ankle foot orthosis. LeRoy C. Abbott Orthopaedic Society. 1982; Vol. 13:60.
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Fourie 1998 {published data only} Fourie JA, Thompson ML. A model for the prediction of time to union in fractures of the tibia. Physiotherapy Research International 1998;3(1):27-36.
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Geboers 2000 {published data only} Geboers JF, van Tuijl JH, Seelen HA, Drost MR. Effect of immobilization on ankle dorsiflexion strength. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2000;32(2):66-71. [MEDLINE: EMBASE; : 0036-5505]
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Geboers 2000 {published data only} Geboers JF, van Tuijl JH, Seelen HA, Drost MR. Effect of immobilization on ankle dorsiflexion strength. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2000;32(2):66-71. [MEDLINE: EMBASE; : 0036-5505]
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Godsiff 1993 {published data only} Godsiff SP, Trakru S, Kefer G, Maniar RN, Flanagan JP, Tuite JD. A comparative study of early motion and immediate plaster splintage after internal fixation of unstable fractures of the ankle. Injury 1993;24(8):529-30. [MEDLINE: AMED]
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Handolin 2005b {published data only} Handolin L, Kiljunen V, Arnala I, Kiuru MJ, Pajarinen J, Partio EK, et al.Effect of ultrasound therapy on bone healing of lateral malleolar fractures of the ankle joint fixed with bioabsorbable screws. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 2005;10(4):391-5.
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Handolin 2005c {published data only} Handolin L, Kiljunen V, Arnala I, Pajarinen J, Partio EK, Rokkanen P. The effect of low intensity ultrasound and bioabsorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactide screw fixation on bone in lateral malleolar fractures. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2005;125(5):317-21.
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Handolin 2005c {published data only} Handolin L, Kiljunen V, Arnala I, Pajarinen J, Partio EK, Rokkanen P. The effect of low intensity ultrasound and bioabsorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactide screw fixation on bone in lateral malleolar fractures. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2005;125(5):317-21.
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Heckman 1994 {published data only} Heckman JD, Ryaby JP, McCabe J, Frey JJ, Kilcoyne RF. Acceleration of tibial fracture-healing by non-invasive, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American Volume 1994;76(1):26-34.
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Kalish 1987 {published data only} Kalish SR, Pelcovitz N, Zawada S, Donatelli RA, Wooden MJ, Castellano BD. The Aircast Walking Brace versus conventional casting methods. A comparison study. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 1987;77(11):589-95.
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Konrad 2005 {published data only} Konrad G, Markmiller M, Lenich A, Mayr E, Ruter A. Tourniquets may increase postoperative swelling and pain after internal fixation of ankle fractures. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2005;(433):189-94.
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Leung 2004 {published data only} Leung K-S, Lee W-S, Tsui H-F, Liu PP-L, Cheung W-H. Complex tibial fracture outcomes following treatment with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 2004;30(3):389-95.
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Miller 2006 {published data only} Miller MD, Crotty M, Whitehead C, Bannerman E, Daniels LA. Nutritional supplementation and resistance training in nutritionally at risk older adults following lower limb fracture: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 2006;20(4):311-23.
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Mittlmeier 2000 {published data only} Mittlmeier T, Heppert V, Koschnik M, Hopfenmuller W, Lowatscheff T, Horst P, et al.Influencing soft part swelling after osteosynthesis of ankle fractures. Hefte zu der Unfallchirurg 2000;272:375-6.
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Mora 2002 {published data only} Mora S, Zalavras CG, Wang L, Thordarson DB. The role of pulsatile cold compression in edema resolution following ankle fractures: a randomized clinical trial. Foot and Ankle International 2002;23(11):999-1002. [MEDLINE: EMBASE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library; : 1071-1007]
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Neumann 1989 {published data only} Neumann H, O'Shea P, Nielson JP, Climstein M. A physiological comparison of the short-leg walking cast and an ankle-foot orthosis walker following 6 weeks of immobilization. Orthopedics 1989;12(11):1429-34.
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Nielsen 1981 {published data only} Nielsen K, Lauritzen J. A comparison between Hexcelite and plaster of Paris. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1980;51:362-3.
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* Nielsen K, Lauritzen J. A new thermoplastic casting material. A comparison between plaster of Paris and Hexelite. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1981;52(1):27-9. [MEDLINE: 1st search]
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Partio 1992 {published data only} Partio EK. Immobilization and early mobilization of malleolar fractures after osteosynthesis with resorbable bone screws [Immobilisierung und fruhmobilisierung von malleolarfrakturen nach osteosynthese mit resorbierbaren schrauben]. Unfallchirurgie 1992;18(5):304-10.
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Polendakov 1999 {published and unpublished data} Polendakov D, Tsonkov K, Tzachev N. Postoperative treatment of patients with ankle fractures. Ortopediya i Travmatologiya 1999;35(2):99-103.
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Port 1996 {published data only} Port A, McVie J, Kreibich D. A comparison of two conservative methods of treating an isolated fracture of the lateral malleolus. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume 1997;79(Suppl 1):101.
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Richter 1994 {published data only} Richter J, Josten C, Schildhauer T, Muhr G. Functional non-operativ versus treatment of Weber B type ankle fractures [Funktionell-konservative versus operative therapie der Weber-B-fraktur]. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie 1994;Suppl Kongressbericht:923-6.
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Stockle 1997 {published data only} Stockle U, Hoffmann R, Raschke M, Sudkamp NP, Haas N. Intermittent impulse compression. An alternative in therapy of posttraumatic and postoperative edema [Intermittierende impulskompression. Die alternative in der therapie des posttraumatischen und postoperativen odems]. Chirurg 1996;67(5):539-45.
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* Stockle U, Hoffmann R, Schutz M, Von Fournier C, Sudkamp NP, Haas N. Fastest reduction of posttraumatic edema: continuous cryotherapy or intermittent impulse compression?. Foot and Ankle International 1997;18(7):432-8.
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* Lin CC, Moseley AM, Refshauge KM, Haas M, Herbert RD. Effectiveness of joint mobilisation after cast immobilisation for ankle fracture: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial [ACTRN012605000143628]. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2006;7:46.
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