Relationship between RDX properties and sensitivity

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 4-13

  Doherty, Ruth M ^a   Watt, Duncan S ^b  

^a NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER   (United States)

^b Novare   (Australia)

Author keywords

Crystal properties; R4; RDX; Round robin; RS RDX; Shock sensitivity

Indexed keywords

CRYSTAL PROPERTIES; R4; RDX; ROUND ROBIN; RS-RDX; SHOCK SENSITIVITY;

RAPID SOLIDIFICATION;

EID: 54949148429     PISSN: 07213115     EISSN: 15214087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/prep.200800201     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (43)

1. H. Moulard, J.W. Kury, A. Delclos, The Effect of RDX Particle Size on the Shock Sensitivity of Cast PBX Formulations, 8th Symposium (International) on Detonation, Albuquerque, New Mexiko, USA, July 15-19, 1985, p. 920, NSWC MP 86-194, Silver Spring, MD 1986.
2. H. Moulard, Particular Aspect of the Explosive Particle Size Effect on Shock Sensitivity of Cast PBX Formulations, 9th Symposium (International) on Detonation, Portland, Oregon, USA, August 28 - September 1, 1989, p. 18, OCNR 113291-7, Arlington, VA 1989.
3. A. C. van der Steen, H. J. Verbeek, J. J. Meulenbrugge, Influence of RDX Crystal Shape on the Shock Sensitivity of PBXs, 9th Symposium (International) on Detonation, Portland, Oregon, USA, August 28 - September 1, 1989, p. 83, OCNR 113291 -7, Arlington, VA 1989.
4. L. Borne, Influence of Intragranular Cavities of RDX Particle Batches on the Sensitivity of Cast Wax Bonded Explosives, 10th Symposium (International) on Detonation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, July 12-16, 1993, p. 286, Arlington, VA 1993.
5. F. Baillou, J. M. Dartyge, C. Spyckerelle, J. Mala, Influence of Crystal Defects on Sensitivity of Explosives, 10th Symposium (International) on Detonation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, July 12-16, 1993, p. 816, Arlington, VA 1993.
6. A. Freche, J. Aviles, L. Donnio, C. Spyckerelle, Insensitive RDX (I-RDX), Insensitive Munitions and Energetic Materials Symposium, San Antonio, TX, USA, November 27-30, 2000, p. 18.
7. P. Sjoberg, H. Hytti, R. Strandberg, A. Kariniemi, M. Muilu, PBX with Insensitive RDX - A New EIDS Substance for Underwater Use, 33rd Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 25-28, 2002, p. 16/1.
8. T. Halvorsen, Improved RDX, Properties and Processability, 33rd Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 25-28, 2002, p. 93/1.
9. I. J. Lochert, R. M. Dexter, B. L. Hamshere, Evaluation of Australian RDX in PBXN-109, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, SA, Australia, DSTO-TN-0440 2002.
10. I. J. Lochert, M. D. Franson, B. L. Hamshere, Reduced Sensitivity RDX (RS-RDX) Part I: Literature Review and DSTO Evaluation, Defence Science and Technology Organisation. Edinburgh, SA, Australia, DSTO-TR-1447, 2003.
11. J. P. Agrawal, R. D. Hodgson, Organic Chemistry of Explosives, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK 2007, p. 244.
12. D. Watt, F. Peugeot, R. Doherty, M. Sharp, D. Topler, D. Tucker, Reduced Sensitivity RDX - Where are we?, 35th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 29-July 2, 2004, p. 9/1.
13. R. Doherty, L. Nock, D. S. Watt, RS-RDX Round Robin Preliminary Results Analysis, MSIAC Report L-127, 2006.
14. Detail Specification - RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine), MIL-DTL-398D, 12 December 1966.
15. 4) Programme, MSIAC Report L-114, 2005.
16. 4) Technical Meeting #2, Bristol, MSIAC Report L-129, 2006.
17. 4) Technical Meeting #3, ICT 2006, MSIAC Report L-130, 2006.
18. NATO STANAG 4489, Explosives, Impact Sensitivity Tests, September 17, 1999.
19. W. J. Dixon, F. M. Massey, Jr., Introduction to Statistical Analysis. 4th Edn., McGraw-Hill Co. Inc., New York, USA 1983, p. 278.
20. R. Meyer, J. Köhler, A. Homburg, Explosives, 5th Edn., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany 2002, p. 185-190.
21. UK MOD Energetic Materials Testing and Assessment Policy Committee Manual of Tests, 2006. Available on request from UK MOD Defence Ordnance Safety Group.
22. K. R. Becker, Bureau of Mines Instrumented Impact Tester. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines. Report of Investigations 7670, 1972.
23. R. R. Bernecker, Concerning the Standardization of Gap Tests, Proceedings of the 1990 JANNAF Propulsion Systems Hazards Subcommittee Meeting, CPIA Publication 538, Vol. 1, 1990, p. 335.
24. D. Price, A. R. Clairmont, Jr., J. O. Erkman, The NOL Large Scale Gap Test. III. Compilation of Unclassified Data and Supplementary Information for Interpretation of Results, NOLTR 74-40, Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, USA 1974.
25. D. G. Tasker, R. N. Baker, Jr., Experimental Calibration of the NSWC Expanded Large Scale Gap Test, NSWCDD/TR-92/54, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA 1992.
26. R. Doherty, D. Watt, Lessons from the RS-RDX Round Robin for Future Insensitive Energetic Materials, Insensitive Energetic Materials Symposium - Particles, Crystals, Composites, Pfinztal. Germany, March 6-7, 2007, p. 109.
27. R. H. B. Bouma, A. C. Hordijk, A. C. van der Steen, T. Halvorsen, E. Skjold, Influence of RDX Crystal Quality and Size on the Sensitivity of RDX Based PBXs, 2001 Insensitive Munitions and Energetic Materials Technology Symposium, Bordeaux, France, October 8-11, 2001.
28. M. Sućeska, Test Methods for Explosives, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, USA, 1995, p. 25.
29. See for example: a) X.-S. Song, X.-L. Cheng, X.-D. Yang, B. He, Relationship Between the Bond Dissociation Energies and Impact Sensitivities of Some Nitro-Explosives, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 2006, 31, 306;
30. b) G. T. Afanas'ev, T. S. Pivina, Dimitrii V. Sukhachev, Comparative Characteristics of Some Experimental and Computational Methods for Estimating Impact Sensitivity Parameters of Explosives, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 1993, 18, 309;
31. c) C. B. Storm, J. R. Stine, J. F. Kramer, Sensitivity Relationships in Energetic Materials, in: S. N. Bulusu (Ed.), Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands 1990, p. 605;
32. d) J. Sharma, B. C. Beard, M. Chaykovsky, Correlation of Impact Sensitivity with Electronic Levels and Structure of Molecules, J. Chem. Phys. 1991, 95, 1209.
33. M. J. Kamlet, The Relationship of Impact Sensitivity with Structure of Organic High Explosives. I. Polynitroaliphatic Explosives, 6th Symposium (International) on Detonation, San Diego, CA, August 24-27, 1976, p. 312, ACR 221, Arlington, VA 1976.
34. M. J. Kamlet, H. G. Adolph, The Relationship of Impact Sensitivity with Structure of Organic High Explosives. II. Polynitroaromatic Explosives, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 1979, 4, 30.
35. R. L. McKenney, Jr., T. R. Krawietz, Binary Phase Diagram Series: HMX/RDX, J. Energ. Mater. 2003, 21, 141.
36. C. Spyckerelle, A. Freche, G. Eck, Aging of Reduced Sensitivity RDX and Compositions Based on Reduced Sensitivity RDX, an Update, 2006 Insensitive Munitions and Energetic Materials Technology Symposium, Bristol, UK, April 24-28, 2006.
37. B. Hamshere, I. J. Lochert, M. D. Franson, Australian Reduced Sensitivity RDX and its Use in Polymer Bonded Explosives, Reduced Sensitivity RDX Technical Meeting, Meppen, Germany, November 17-20, 2003.
38. M. Beyard, Review of PBXN-109 Sensitivity Studies, Reduced Sensitivity RDX Technical Meeting, Meppen, Germany, November 17-20, 2003.
39. S. M. Caulder, M. L. Buess, A. N. Garroway, P. J. Miller, Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Study of RDX Crystal Imperfections and its Relationship to Shock Sensitivity, Proceedings of the 8th International Pyrotechnical Congress, St. Malo, France, 2003, p. 28.
40. M. L. Buess, S. M. Caulder, Factors Affecting the NQR Line Width in Nitramine Explosives, Appl. Magn. Reson. 2004, 25, 383.
41. L. Borne, H. Ritter, HMX as an Impurity in RDX Particles: Effect on the Shock Sensitivity of Formulations Based on RDX. Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 2006, 31, 482.
42. P. Brousseau, Simple Packing and Viscosity Tests for RS-RDX, Insensitive Energetic Materials Symposium - Particles, Crystals, Composites, Pfinztal, Germany, March 6-7, 2007, p. 118.
43. L. Borne, J.-C. Patedoye, C. Spyckerelle, Quantitative Characterization of Internal Defects in RDX Crystals, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 1999, 24, 255.