Inter- and intra-observer variability in Sonographic measurements of the cross-sectional diameters and area of the umbilical cord and its vessels during pregnancy

Reproductive Health

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2008, Pages

  Barbieri, Cristiane ^a   Cecatti, Jose G ^a   Souza, Carla E ^a   Marussi, Emilio F ^a   Costa, Jose V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; PREGNANCY; RISK FACTOR; UMBILICAL ARTERY; UMBILICAL CORD; UMBILICAL VEIN;

EID: 54849436048     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17424755     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1742-4755-5-5     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Ultrasound screening in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. SH Eik-Nes O Okland JC Aure M Ulstein, Lancet 1984 1 1347 10.1016/S0140-6736(84) 91834-8 6145038
2. Long-term experience of general ultrasound screening in pregnancy. PH Persson S Kullander, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983 146 942 947 6881228
3. Altered sonographic umbilical cord morphometry in early-onset preeclampsia. L Raio F Ghezzi E Di Naro M Franchi D Bolla H Schneider, Obstet Gynec 2002 100 311 316 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02064-1 12151155
4. Sonographic measurements of the umbilical cord in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes. A Weissman P Jakobi, J Ultrasound Med 1997 16 691 694 9323675
5. Longitudinal umbilical vein blood flow changes in normal and growth-retarded fetuses. E Di Naro L Raio F Ghezzi M Franchi F Romano V D'Addario, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002 81 527 533 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002. 810609.x 12047306
6. Prenatal diagnosis of a lean umbilical cord: a simple marker for the fetus at risk of being small for gestational age at birth. L Raio F Ghezzi E Di Naro M Franchi M Maymon MD Mueller H Brühwiler, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999 13 3 176 180 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1999.13030176.x 10204208
7. Early second-trimester low umbilical coiling index predicts small-for-gestational-age fetuses. S Degani Z Leibovich I Shapiro R Gonen G Ohel, J Ultrasound Med 2001 20 1183 1188 11758023
8. Maternal risk factors for abnormal vascular coiling of the umbilical cord. M Ezimokhai DE Rizk L Thomas, Am J Perinatol 2000 17 441 445 10.1055/s-2000-13452 11142396
9. Computerized microscope morphometry of umbilical vessels from pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler. JF Bruch O Sibony K Benali JC Challier P Blot C Nessmann, Hum Pathol 1997 28 1139 1145 10.1016/S0046-8177(97)90251-3 9343320
10. Comparative morphological differences between umbilical cords from chronic hypertensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. S Inan M Sanci D Can S Vatansever O Oztekin S Tinar, Acta Med Okayama 2002 56 177 186 12199522
11. Umbilical cord diameter at 11-14 weeks of gestation: Relationship to nuchal translucency, ductus venous blood flow and chromosomal defects. R Axt-Fliedner A Schwarze P Kreiselmaier M Krapp J Smrcek K Diedrich, Fetal Diagn Ther 2006 21 390 395 10.1159/000092472 16757918
12. Umbilical cord morphology and pregnancy outcome. E Di Naro F Ghezzi L Raio M Franchi V D'Addario, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001 96 150 157 10.1016/S0301-2115(00)00470-X 11384798
13. Sonographic measurements of the umbilical cord and vessels during normal pregnancies. A Weissman P Jakobi M Bronshtein I Goldstein, J Ultrasound Med 1994 13 11 14 7636947
14. The umbilical cord thickness measured at 18-23 weeks of gestational age. M Predanic SC Perni ST Chasen, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005 17 2 111 116 10.1080/14767050500042824 16076617
15. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks' gestation. JP Phelan CV Smith P Broussard M Small, J Reprod Med 1987 32 540 542 3305930
16. Sonographic umbilical vessel morphometry and perinatal outcome of fetuses with a lean umbilical cord. F Ghezzi L Raio D Gunter Duwe A Cromi E Karousou P Dürig, J Clin Ultrasound 2005 33 1 18 23 10.1002/jcu.20076 15690443
17. Nomogram of Wharton's jelly as depicted in the sonographic cross section of the umbilical cord. F Ghezzi L Raio E Di Naro M Franchi D Balestreri V D'Addario, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001 18 121 125 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001. 00468.x 11529990
18. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. DG Altman, Chapman & Hall: London 1 1991
19. Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. PE Shrout J Fleiss, Psychol Bull 1979 86 420 428 10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 18839484
20. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. JR Landis GC Koch, Biometrics 1977 33 159 174 10.2307/2529310 843571
21. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. LJ Cronbach, Psychometrika 1951 16 297 334 10.1007/BF02310555
22. Multivariate Data Analysis. J Hair R Anderson R Tatham W Black, Prentice-Hall Inc.: New Jersey Fifth 1998
23. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurements. JM Bland DG Altman, Lancet 1986 12 307 310
24. Sonographic measurement of the umbilical cord and fetal anthropometric parameters. L Raio F Ghezzi E Di Naro R Gomez M Franchi M Mazor H Brühwiler, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999 83 131 135 10.1016/S0301-2115(98)00314-5 10391521
25. The cross-sectional area of umbilical cord components in normal pregnancy. FA Togni E Araújo Jr FA Vasques AF Moron MR Torloni LM Nardozza, Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007 96 156 161 10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.10.003 17280668
26. Non-coiled umbilical blood vessels: a new marker for the fetus at risk. TH Strong Jr JP Elliot TG Radin, Obstet Gynecol 1993 81 409 411 8437796
27. The clinical significance of antenatal detection of discordant umbilical arteries. L Raio F Ghezzi E Di Naro R Gomez G Saile H Bruhwiler, Obstet Gynecol 1998 91 86 91 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00543-7 9464727
28. Discordant umbilical arteries: ultrasonographic and Doppler analysis. LA Dolkart FT Reimers CA Kuonen, Obstet Gynecol 1992 79 59 63 1727588
29. Antenatal assessment of discordant umbilical arteries in singleton pregnancies. M Predanic SC Perni, Croat Med J 2006 47 5 701 708 17042061
30. Validation study of the capacity of the reference curves of ultrasonographic measurements of the umbilical cord to identify deviations in estimated fetal weight. C Barbieri JG Cecatti F Krupa EF Marussi JV Costa, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2008 87 286 291 10.1080/00016340701876106 18307067
31. Correlation between umbilical cord cross-sectional area and normal anthropometric parameters in normal pregnancies. FAP Vasques AF Moron CGV Murta TR Gonçalves FHC Carvalho, Radiol Bras 2003 36 5 299 303 10.1590/S0100-39842003000500009
32. Sonographic findings of the umbilical cord: implications for the risk of fetal chromosomal anomalies. A Weissman A Drugan, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001 17 536 541 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00408.x 11422981