Factor structure and correlates of the dissociative experiences scale in a large offender sample

Assessment

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 511-521

  Ruiz, Mark A ^a   Poythress, Norman G ^a   Lilienfeld, Scott O ^b   Douglas, Kevin S ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Dissociation; Dissociation and abuse; Dissociation and aggression; Dissociative experiences scale; Offenders; Procrustes rotation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; GOVERNMENT; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL STRESS; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PERSONALITY TEST; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRISON; PRISONER; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY; UNITED STATES; VALIDATION STUDY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGGRESSION; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS; FEMALE; FLORIDA; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL HEALTH; NEVADA; OREGON; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PERSONALITY TESTS; PRISONERS; PRISONS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; STATE GOVERNMENT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; TEXAS; UTAH;

EID: 54849421595     PISSN: 10731911     EISSN: 15523489     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1073191108315548     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Text revision): DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: Author.
2. Ammons, R.B., & Ammons, C.H. (1962). The Quick Test (QT): Provisional manual. Psychological Reports, 11, 111-161.
3. Arbuckle, J.L. (2006). AMOS 7.0.0 [Computer software]. Chicago: SPSS.
4. Barker-Collo, S., & Moskowitz, A.K. (2005). Profiles of DES performance in inmate and student samples. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6, 113-124.
5. Becker-Lausen, E., Sanders, B., & Chinsky, J.M. (1995). Mediation of abusive childhood experiences: Depression, dissociation, and negative life outcomes. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 560-573.
6. Bernstein, E.M., & Putnam, F.W. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 727-734.
7. Bernstein, I.H., Ellason, J.W., Ross, C.A., & Vanderlinden, J. (2001). On the dimensionalities of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and the Dissociation Questionnaire. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2, 103-123.
8. Byrne, B.M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9. Byrne, B.M. (2005). Factor analytic models: Viewing the structure of an assessment instrument from three perspectives. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85, 17-32.
10. Carlson, E.B., & Putnam, F.W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6, 16-27.
11. Cima, M., Merckelbach, H., Klein, B., Shellbach-Matties, R., & Kremer, K. (2001). Frontal lobe dysfunctions, dissociation, and trauma self-reports in forensic psychiatric patients. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 189, 188-190.
12. Clark, M.E., Gironda, R.J., & Young, R.W. (2003). Detection of back random responding: Effectiveness of MMPI-2 and Personality Assessment Inventory Validity Indices. Psychological Assessment, 15, 223-234.
13. Craig, R.J., & Olson, R.E. (1988). Relationships between Wechsler Scales and Quick Test IQs among disability applicants. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 19, 26-30.
14. DeCato, C.M., & Husband, S.D. (1984). Quick Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised in a prison's clinical setting. Psychological Reports, 54, 939-942.
15. Dietrich, A. (2003). Characteristics of child maltreatment, psychological dissociation, and somatoform dissociation of Canadian inmates. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 4, 81-100.
16. Doss, G.H., Head, D.W., Blackburn, J.V., & Robertson, J.M. (1986). A quick measure of mental deficiency among adult offenders. Federal Probation, 50, 57-59.
17. Dwyer, S.M., Rosser, B.R.S., & Sawyer, S. (1992). Dissociative experiences of sexual offenders. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 18, 49-58.
18. Edens, J.F., Cruise, K.R., & Buffington-Vollum, J.K. (2001). Forensic and correctional applications of the Personality Assessment Inventory. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 19, 519-543.
19. First, M.B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., & Benjamin, L. (1996). User's guide for the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders (SCID-II, Version 2.0, July 1996 Final Version). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research Department.
20. Herman, J. (1997). Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books.
21. Hyler, S.E., Skodol, A.E., Kellman, D., Oldham, J., & Rosnick, L. (1990). Validity of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised: Comparison with two structured interviews. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1043-1048.
22. Johns, J. (1997). The Basic Reading Inventory (7 th ed.). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
23. Johns, J.L., & L'Allier, S.K. (2003). How well can teachers determine reading levels from an informal reading inventory? In M. B. Sampson, P. E. Linder, J. R. Dugan, & B. Brancato (Eds.), Celebrating the freedom of literacy: The twenty-fifth yearbook (pp. 251-264). Commerce, TX: The College Reading Association.
24. Kaplan, M.L., Erensaft, M., Sanderson, W.C., Wetzler, S., Foote, B., & Asnis, G.M. (1998). Dissociative symptomatology and aggressive behavior. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 39, 271-276.
25. Kline, R.B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford.
26. Krueger, R.F., McGue, M., & Iacono, W.G. (2001). The higher-order structure of common DSM mental disorders: Internalization, externalization, and their connections to personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1245-1259.
27. Lilienfeld, S.O., Lynn, S.J., Kirsch, I., Chaves, J.F., Sarbin, T.R., Ganaway, G.K., et al. (1999). Dissociative identity disorder and the sociocognitive model: Recalling the lessons of the past. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 507-523.
28. McCrae, R.R., Zonderman, A.B., Costa, P.T., Jr., Bond, M.H., & Paunonen, S.V. (1996). Evaluating replicability of factors in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory: Confirmatory factor analysis versus Procrustes rotation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 552-566.
29. Merckelbach, H., & Muris, P. (2001). The causal link between self-reported trauma and dissociation: A critical review. Behavior Research and Therapy, 39, 245-254.
30. Mitchell, J.A. (2006). Symptoms of dissociation in a forensic population. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, 21, 85-94.
31. Monahan, J., Steadman, H.J., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P.S., Robbins, P.C., Mulvey, E.P., et al. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment: The MacArthur study of mental disorder and violence. New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Morey, L.C. (1991). Personality Assessment Inventory professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
33. Morey, L.C. (1996). An interpretive guide to the Personality Assessment Inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
34. Morey, L.C. (2007). Personality Assessment Inventory professional manual (2 nd ed.) Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
35. Morey, L.C., & Quigley, B.D. (2002). The use of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in assessing offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 46, 333-349.
36. Moskowitz, A. (2004 a). Dissociation and violence: A review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 5, 21-46.
37. Moskowitz, A. (2004 b). Dissociative pathways to homicide: Clinical and forensic implications. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 5, 5-32.
38. Piedmont, R.L. (1998). The revised NEO Personality Inventory: Clinical and research applications. New York: Plenum.
39. Poythress, N.G., Skeem, J., & Lilienfeld, S.O. (2006). Associations among early abuse, dissociation, and psychopathy in a large offender sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 288-297.
40. Putnam, F.W. (1989). Diagnosis and treatment of multiple personality disorder. New York: Guilford.
41. Putnam, F.W., & Loewenstein, R.J. (2000). Dissociative identity disorder. In B. J. Sadock & V. A. Sadock (Eds.), Kaplan and Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (7 th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 1552-1564). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
42. Quimby, L.G., & Putnam, F.W. (1994). Dissociative symptoms and aggression in a state mental hospital. Dissociation, 4, 21-24.
43. Quinsey, V.L., Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., & Cormier, C.A. (1998). Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
44. Ray, W.J. (1996). Dissociation in normal populations. In L. K. Michelson & W. J. Ray (Eds.), Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives (pp. 51-66). New York: Plenum.
45. Ross, C.A., Joshi, S., & Currie, R. (1990). Dissociative experiences in the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1547-1552.
46. Ross, C.A., Joshi, S., & Currie, R. (1991). Dissociative experiences in the general population: A factor analysis. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 42, 297-301.
47. Ruiz, M.A., Pincus, A.L., & Ray, W.J. (1999). The relationship between dissociation and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 239-249.
48. Sanders, B., & Becker-Lausen, E. (1995). The measurement of psychological maltreatment: Early data on the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 315-323.
49. Sanders, B., & Giolas, M.H. (1991). Dissociation and childhood trauma in psychologically disturbed adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 50-54.
50. Schwartz, D., & Frischholz, E.J. (1991). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Dissociative Experiences Scale. In B. G. Braun & E. B. Carlson (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative States. Chicago: Rush.
51. Simon, M.J. (1995). Relationship between the Quick Test and WAIS-R in low-functioning male criminal defendants. Psychological Reports, 77, 1001-1002.
52. Snow, M.S., Beckman, D., & Brack, G. (1996). Results of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in a jail population. Dissociation, 9, 98-103.
53. Spiegel, D., & Cardena, E. (1991). Disintegrated experience: The dissociative disorders revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 366-378.
54. Spitzer, C., Liss, H., Dudek, M., Orlob, S., Gillner, M., Hamm, A., et al. (2003). Dissociative experiences and disorders in forensic patients. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 26, 281-288.
55. Stockdale, G.D., Gridley, B.E., Balogh, D.W., & Holtgraves, T. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of single- and multiple-factor competing models of the dissociative experiences scale in a nonclinical sample. Assessment, 9, 94-106.
56. Traub, G.S., & Spruill, J. (1982). Correlations between the Quick Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- Revised. Psychological Reports, 51, 309-310.
57. Van Ijzendoorn, M.H., & Schuengel, C. (1996). The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 365-382.
58. Waller, N.G., Putnam, F.W., & Carlson, E.B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods, 1, 300-321.
59. Webster, C.D., Douglas, K.S., Eaves, D., & Hart, S.D. (1997). HCR-20: Assessing risk for violence (version 2). Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University, Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute.