P- and SV-velocity structure of the South Portuguese Zone fold-and-thrust belt, SW Iberia, from traveltime tomography

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 175, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 689-712

  Schmelzbach, Cedric ^a,d   Zelt, C A ^b   Juhlin, C ^a   Carbonell, R ^c  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b RICE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CSIC   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Body waves; Controlled source seismology; Crustal structure; Fractures and faults; Inverse theory; Seismic tomography

Indexed keywords

ARRIVAL TIME; BODY WAVE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FOLD AND THRUST BELT; HERCYNIAN OROGENY; P-WAVE; S-WAVE; SEISMIC DATA; SEISMIC REFLECTION; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; TRAVEL TIME; VELOCITY STRUCTURE;

EURASIA; EUROPE; IBERIAN PENINSULA; IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

EID: 54849406993     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03937.x     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Bauer, K., Schulze, A., Ryberg, T., Sobolev, S.V. & Weber, M.H., 2003. Classification of lithology from seismic tomography: A case study from the Messum igneous complex, Namibia, J. geophys. Res., 108(B3), 2152.
2. Bellefleur, G., Müller, C., Snyder, D. & Matthews, L., 2004. Downhole seismic imaging of a massive sulfide orebody with mode-converted waves, Halfmile lake, New Brunswick, Canada, Geophysics, 69(2), 318-329.
3. Bergman, B., Tryggvason, A. & Juhlin, C., 2004. High-resolution seismic traveltime tomography incorporating static corrections applied to a till-covered bedrock environment, Geophysics, 69(4), 1082-1090.
4. Bergman, B., Tryggvason, A. & Juhlin, C., 2006. Seismic tomography studies of cover thickness and near-surface bedrock velocities, Geophysics, 71(6), U77-U84.
5. Bevington, P.R., 1969. Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences, 1st edn, McGraw Hill, New York.
6. Boulter, C.A., 1993. Comparison of the Rio-Tinto, Spain, and Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California -an explanation of a supergiant massive sulfide deposit in an ancient sill-sediment complex, Geology, 21(9), 801-804.
7. Carbonell, R. et al., 2004. Geophysical evidence of a mantle derived intrusion in SW Iberia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(11), L11601.
8. Carvalho, D., Barriga, F.J.A.S. & Munhá, J., 1999. Bimodal siliciclastic systems: The case of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, in Volcanic-associated Massive Sulfide Deposits: Processes and Examples in Modern and Ancient Settings, Reviews in Economic Geology, Vol. 8, pp. 375-408, eds Barrie, C.T. & Hannington, M.D., Society of Economic Geologists.
9. Christensen, N.I., 1996. Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology, J. geophys. Res., 101(B2), 3139-3156.
10. Constable, S.C., Parker, R.L. & Constable, C.G., 1987. Occam's inversion: A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data, Geophysics, 52(3), 289-300.
11. Cook, F.A., van der Velden, A.J., Hall, K.W. & Roberts, B.J., 1999. Frozen subduction in Canada's Northwest Territories: LITHOPROBE deep lithospheric reflection profiling of the western Canadian Shield, Tectonics, 18(1), 1-24.
12. Day, A.J., Peirce, C. & Sinha, M.C., 2001. Three-dimensional crustal structure and magma chamber geometry at the intermediate-spreading, back-arc Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin-results of a wide-angle seismic tomographic inversion, Geophys. J. Int., 146(1), 31-52.
13. Diaz, J., Gallart, J., Cordoba, D., Senos, L., Matias, L., Suriñach, E., Hirn, A. & Maguire, P., 1993. A deep seismic sounding investigation of lithospheric heterogeneity and anisotropy beneath the Iberian Peninsula, Tectonophysics, 221(1), 35-51.
14. Eberhart-Phillips, D., 1990. Three-dimensional P and S velocity structure in the Coalinga region, California, J. geophys. Res., 95(B10), 15343-15363.
15. Fertig, J., 1984. Shear waves by an explosive point-source: The Earth surface as a generator of converted P-S waves, Geophys. Prospect., 32(1), 1-17.
16. Fertig, J. & Krajewski, P., 1989. Acquisition and processing of pure and converted shear waves generated by compressional wave sources, Surv. Geophys., 10(2), 103-132.
17. Flecha, I., Carbonell, R., Zeyen, H., Martí, D., Palomeras, I., Simancas, F. & Pérez-Estaún, A., 2006. Imaging granitic plutons along the IBERSEIS profile, Tectonophysics, 420(1-2), 37-47.
18. González, A., Cordoba, D., Vegas, R. & Matias, L.M., 1998. Seismic crustal structure in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and the Gulf of Cadiz, Tectonophysics, 296(3-4), 317-331.
19. Hajnal, Z., Stauffer, M.R., King, M.S., Wallis, P.F., Wang, H.F. & Jones, L.E.A., 1983. Seismic characteristics of a Precambrian pluton and its adjacent rocks, Geophysics, 48(5), 569-581.
20. Heincke, B., Maurer, H., Green, A.G., Willenberg, H., Spillmann, T. & Burlini, L., 2006. Characterizing an unstable mountain slope using shallow 2D and 3D seismic tomography, Geophysics, 71(6), B241-B256.
21. Hole, J.A., 1992. Nonlinear high-resolution three-dimensional seismic travel time tomography, J. geophys. Res., 97(B5), 6553-6562.
22. Hole, J.A. & Zelt, B.C., 1995. 3-D finite-difference reflection travel times, Geophys. J. Int., 121(2), 427-434.
23. Holliger, K., 1996. Upper-crustal seismic velocity heterogeneity as derived from a variety of P-wave sonic logs, Geophys. J. Int., 125(3), 813-829.
24. Holliger, K. & Robertsson, J.O.A., 1998. Effects of the shallow subsurface on upper crustal seismic reflection images, Tectonophysics, 286(1-4), 161-169.
25. Juhlin, C., 1995. Imaging of fracture zones in the Finnsjön area, central Sweden, using the seismic reflection method, Geophysics, 60(1), 66-75.
26. Kahler, S. & Meissner, R., 1983. Radiation and receiver pattern of shear and compressional waves as a function of Poisson's ratio, Geophys. Prospect., 31(3), 421-435.
27. Kissling, E., Ellsworth, W.L., Eberhart-Phillips, D. & Kradolfer, U., 1994. Initial reference models in local earthquake tomography, J. geophys. Res., 99(B10), 19635-19646.
28. Lanz, E., Maurer, H. & Green, A.G., 1998. Refraction tomography over a buried waste disposal site, Geophysics, 63(4), 1414-1433.
29. Levander, A.R., 1990. Seismic scattering near the earth's surface, Pure appl. Geophys., 132(1), 21-47.
30. Marti, D., Carbonell, R., Escuder-Viruete, J. & Perez-Estaun, A., 2006. Characterization of a fractured granitic pluton: P- and S-waves' seismic tomography and uncertainty analysis, Tectonophysics, 422(1-4), 99-114.
31. Matte, P., 1986. Tectonics and plate tectonics model for the Variscan belt of Europe, Tectonophysics, 126(2-4), 329-332.
32. Matte, P., 2001. The Variscan collage and orogeny (480-290 Ma) and the tectonic definition of the Armorica microplate: A review, Terra Nova, 13, 122-128.
33. Menke, W., 1989. Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse Theory, rev. edn, vol. 45, International Geophysics Series, Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA.
34. Milkereit, B., White, D.J. & Green, A.G., 1994. Towards an improved seismic imaging technique of crustal structures: The LITHOPROBE Sudbury experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(10), 927-930.
35. Mitjavila, J., Marti, J. & Soriano, C., 1997. Magmatic evolution and tectonic setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt volcanism, J. Petrol., 38(6), 727-755.
36. Morey, D. & Schuster, G.T., 1999. Palaeoseismicity of the Oquirrh fault, Utah from shallow seismic tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 138(1), 25-35.
37. Mueller, S., Prodehl, C., Mendes, A.S. & Sousa Moreira, V., 1973. Crustal structure in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula, Tectonophysics, 20(1-4), 307-318.
38. Nolet, G., 1987. Seismic wave propagation and seismic tomography, in Seismic Tomography, pp. 1-23, ed. Nolet, G., D. Reidel Publishing Company.
39. Oldenburg, D.W. & Li, Y., 2005. Inversion for applied geophysics: A tutorial, in Near Surface Geophysics, Investigations in Geophysics, Vol. 13, ed. Buttler, D.K., Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
40. Oliveira, J.T., 1990. South Portuguese Zone, stratigraphy and synsedimentary tectonism, in Pre-Mesozoic Geology of Iberia, pp. 334-347, eds Dallmeyer, R.D. & Martínez García, E., Springer Verlag, New York.
41. Paige, C.C. & Saunders, M.A., 1982. LSQR: An algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 8(1), 43-71.
42. Popp, T. & Kern, H., 1994. The influence of dry and water saturated cracks on seismic velocities of crustal rocks - a comparison of experimental data with theoretical model, Surv. Geophys., 15(5), 443-465.
43. Pratt, R.G., 1999. Seismic waveform inversion in the frequency domain, Part 1: Theory and verification in a physical scale model, Geophysics, 64(3), 888-901.
44. Ribeiro, A., Dias, R. & Silva, J.B., 1995. Genesis of the Iberia-Armorican arc, Geodynamica Acta, 8, 173-184.
45. Ribeiro, A., Sanderson, D. & SW, Iberia Colleagues, 1996. SW-Iberia: Transpressional Orogeny in the Variscides, in EUROPROBE 1996 -Lithosphere Dynamics: Origin and Evolution of Continents, pp. 91-95, eds Gee, D.G. & Zeyen, H.J., Europrobe Secretariat, Uppsala University, Sweden.
46. Robertsson, J.O.A., Holliger, K. & Green, A.G., 1996a. Source-generated noise in shallow seismic data, Eur. J. Environ. Geophys., 1, 107-124.
47. Robertsson, J.O.A., Holliger, K., Green, A.G., Pugin, A. & De Iaco, R., 1996b. Effects of near-surface waveguide on shallow high-resolution seismic refraction and reflection data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 495-498.
48. Sáez, R., Pascual, E., Toscano, P.M. & Almodóvar, G.R., 1999. The Iberian type of volcanosedimentary massive sulfide deposits, Mineralium Deposita, 34, 549-570.
49. Scales, J.A., Docherty, P. & Gersztenkorn, A., 1990. Regularisation of nonlinear inverse problems: Imaging the near-surface weathering layer, Inverse Problems, 6(1), 115-131.
50. Schermerhorn, J.L.G., 1971. An outline of the stratigraphy of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Boletin Geologico y Minero de Espana, 82, 239-268.
51. Schmelzbach, C., Horstmeyer, H. & Juhlin, C., 2007a. Shallow 3D seismic-reflection imaging of fracture zones in crystalline rock, Geophysics, 72(6), B149-B160.
52. Schmelzbach, C., Juhlin, C., Carbonell, R. & Simancas, J.F., 2007b. Prestack and poststack migration of crooked-line seismic reflection data: A case study from the South Portuguese Zone fold belt, southwestern Iberia, Geophysics, 72(2), B9-B18.
53. Schmelzbach, C., Simancas, J.F., Juhlin, C. & Carbonell, R., 2008. Seismic-reflection imaging over the South Portuguese Zone fold-and-thrust belt, SW Iberia, J. geophys. Res., 113, B08301.
54. Sheng, J. & Schuster, G.T., 2003. Finite-frequency resolution limits of wave path traveltime tomography for smoothly varying velocity models, Geophys. J. Int., 152(3), 669-676.
55. Silva, J.B., Oliveira, J.T. & Ribeiro, A., 1990. Structural outline of the South Portuguese Zone, in Pre-Mesozoic Geology of the Iberia Peninsula, pp. 348-362, eds Dallmeyer, R.D. & Martinez Garcia, E., Springer Verlag, Berlin.
56. Simancas, J.F., González Lodeiro, F., Expósito, I., Azor, A. & Martínez Poyatos, D., 2002. Opposite Subduction Polarities Connected by Transform Faults in the Iberian Massif and Western European Variscides, Vol. 364, pp. 253-262, Geological Society of America Special Paper.
57. Simancas, J.F. et al., 2003. Crustal structure of the transpressional Variscan orogen of SW Iberia: SW Iberia deep seismic reflection profile (IBERSEIS), Tectonics, 22(6), 1062.
58. Soriano, C. & Casas, J.M., 2002. Variscan tectonics in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, South Portuguese Zone, Int. J. Earth Sci., 91, 882-896.
59. Stümpel, H., Kähler, S., Meissner, R. & Milkereit, B., 1984. The use of seismic shear waves and compressional waves for lithological problems of shallow sediments, Geophys. Prospect., 32(4), 662-675.
60. Tryggvason, A., Brown, D. & Perez-Estaun, A., 2001. Crustal architecture of the southern uralides from true amplitude processing of the Urals Seismic Experiment and Integrated Studies (URSEIS) vibroseis profile, Tectonics, 20(6), 1040-1052.
61. Vidale, J., 1988. Finite-difference calculation of travel times, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 78(6), 2062-2076.
62. Vidale, J.E., 1990. Finite-difference calculation of traveltimes in three dimensions, Geophysics, 55(5), 521-526.
63. Wessel, P. & Smith, W.H.F., 1998. New, improved version of the generic mapping tools released, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 79(47), 579.
64. White, D.J., Milkereit, B., Salisbury, M.H. & Percival, J.A., 1992. Crystalline lithology across the Kapuskasing uplift determined using in situ Poisson's ratio from seismic tomography, J. geophys. Res., 97(B13), 19993-20006.
65. Williamson, P.R., 1991. A guide to the limits of resolution imposed by scattering in ray tomography, Geophysics, 56(2), 202-207.
66. Williamson, P.R. & Worthington, M.H., 1993. Resolution limits in ray tomography due to wave behavior: Numerical experiments, Geophysics, 58(5), 727-735.
67. Zelt, C.A., 1998. Lateral velocity resolution from three-dimensional seismic refraction data, Geophys. J. Int., 135(3), 1101-1112.
68. Zelt, C.A., 1999. Modelling strategies and model assessment for wide-angle seismic traveltime data, Geophys. J. Int., 139(1), 183-204.
69. Zelt, C.A. & Barton, P.J., 1998. Three-dimensional seismic refraction tomography: A comparison of two methods applied to data from the Faeroe Basin, J. geophys. Res., 103(B4), 7187-7210.
70. Zelt, C.A. & Smith, R.B., 1992. Seismic traveltime inversion for 2-D crustal velocity structure, Geophys. J. Int., 108(1), 16-34.
71. Zelt, C.A. & Zelt, B.C., 1998. Study of out-of-plane effects in the inversion of refraction/wide-angle reflection traveltimes, Tectonophysics, 286(1-4), 209-221.
72. Zelt, C.A., Sain, K., Naumenko, J.V. & Sawyer, D.S., 2003. Assessment of crustal velocity models using seismic refraction and reflection tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 153(3), 609-626.
73. Zelt, C.A., Azaria, A. & Levander, A., 2006. 3D seismic refraction traveltime tomography at a groundwater contamination site, Geophysics, 71(5), H67-H78.