Spade design, lumbar motions, risk of low-back injury and digging posture

Occupational Ergonomics

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 157-172

  Bridger, Robert S ^a   Sparto, Patrick ^a   Marras, William S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b Ohio State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Construction; Digging; Garden tools; Hand tools; Lumbar spine

Indexed keywords

EID: 54749158566     PISSN: 13599364     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (11)

1. R.S. Bridger, in: Introduction to Ergonomics, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1995, pp. 579.
2. A. Degani, S.S. Asfour, S.M. Waly and J.G. Koshy, A comparative study of two shovel designs, Applied Ergonomics 24 (1993), 306-312.
3. A. Frievalds, The ergonomics of shovelling and shovel design - a review of the literature, Ergonomics 29 (1986a), 3-18.
4. A. Frievalds, The ergonomics of shovelling and shovel design - an experimental study, Ergonomics 29 (1986b), 19-30.
5. A. Frievalds and Y.J. Kim, Blade size and weight effects in shovel design, Applied Ergonomics 21 (1990), 39-42.
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9. W.S. Marras, S.A. Lavender, S.E. Leurgans, S.L. Rajulu, W.G. Allread, M.S. Fathallah and S.A. Ferguson, The role of three-dimensional trunk motion in occupationally-related low back disorders, Spine 18 (1993), 617-628.
10. W.S. Marras, S.A. Lavender, S.E. Leurgans, F.A. Fathallah, S.A. Ferguson, W.G. Allread and S.L. Rajulu, Biomechanical risk factors for occupationally-related low back disorders, Ergonomics 38 (1995), 377-410.
11. R.N. Sen, Application of ergonomics to industrially developing countries, Ergonomics 27 (1984), 1021-1032.