Rapid introduction of Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) established at Turkey Point Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada

Journal of Vector Ecology

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 64-69

  Scott, John D ^a   Lee, Min Kuang ^b   Fernando, Keerthi ^b   Jorgensen, Danielle R ^b   Durden, Lance A ^c   Morshed, Muhammad G ^b,d  

^a Lyme Disease Association of Ontario   (Canada)

^b BRITISH COLUMBIA CENTRE FOR DISEASE CONTROL   (Canada)

^c GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease; Ontario; Ticks; Turkey Point Provincial Park

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL VACCINE; LIPOPROTEIN; MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN A; SPACER DNA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; CANADA; CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; IXODES; LYME DISEASE; MALE; MICROBIOLOGY; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, SURFACE; BACTERIAL OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS; BACTERIAL VACCINES; BASE SEQUENCE; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; DNA, INTERGENIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; INSECT VECTORS; IXODES; LIPOPROTEINS; LYME DISEASE; MALE; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; ONTARIO; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, NUCLEIC ACID;

ACARI; ANIMALIA; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; IXODES SCAPULARIS; IXODIDA; IXODIDAE; SPIROCHAETALES;

EID: 54749099172     PISSN: 10811710     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[64:RIOLDS]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Anderson, J.F. and L.A. Magnarelli. 1984. Avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a Lyme disease focus in Connecticut. Yale J. Biol. Med. 57: 627-641.
2. Banerjee, S.N., M. Banerjee, J.A. Smith, and K. Fernando. 1994. Lyme disease in British Columbia - an update. B.C. Med. J. 36: 540-541.
3. Banerjee, S.N., M. Banerjee, K. Fernando, J.D. Scott, R. Mann, and M.G. Morshed. 2000. Presence of spirochete causing Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, in the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, in southern Ontario. Canad. Med. Assoc. J. 162: 1567-1569.
4. Barbour, A.G. 1984. Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J. Biol. Med. 57: 521-525.
5. Barker, I.K., S.A. McEwen, G.A. Surgeoner, and H. Artsob. 1988. Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, in tick vectors and wildlife reservoirs in southern Ontario. Ont. Dis. Surv. Rep. 9: 151-154.
6. Burgdorfer, W., A.G. Barbour, S.F. Hayes, J.L. Benach, E. Grunwaldt, and J.P. Davis. 1982. Lyme disease - a tick-borne spirochetosis? Science 216: 1317-1319.
7. Burgdorfer, W., R.S. Lane, A.G. Barbour, R.A. Gresbrink, and J.R. Anderson. 1985. The western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus: a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 34: 925-930.
8. Castro, M.B. and S.A. Wright. 2007. Vertebrate hosts of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in California. J. Vector Ecol. 32: 140-149.
9. Durden, L.A. and J.E. Keirans. 1996. Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical/veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publications in Entomology. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD.
10. Johnson, R.C., G.P. Schmid, F.W. Hyde, A.G. Steigerwalt, and D.J. Brenner. 1984. Borrelia burgdorferi sp. nov.: etiologic agent of Lyme disease. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34: 496-497.
11. Keirans, J.E., H.J. Hutcheson, L.A. Durden, and J.S.H. Klompen. 1996. Ixodes (Ixodes) scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae): redescription of all active stages, distribution, hosts, geographical variation, and medical and veterinary importance. J. Med. Entomol. 33: 297-318.
12. Lane, R.S. and P.E. Lavoie. 1988. Lyme borreliosis in California: acarological, clinical, epidemiological studies. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 539: 192-203.
13. Lindsay, L.R., I.K, Barker, G.A. Surgeoner, S.A. McEwen, L.A. Elliot, and J. Kolar. 1991. Apparent incompetence of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) and fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) as vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi in an Ixodes dammini endemic area of Ontario, Canada. J. Med. Entomol. 28: 750-753.
14. Milne, A. 1950. The ecology of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus L.: microhabitat economy of the adult tick. Parasitology 40: 14-34.
15. Morshed, M.G., J.D. Scott, K. Fernando, R. Mann, and L.A. Durden. 2003. Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi endemic at epicenter in Rondeau Provincial Park, Ontario. J. Med. Entomol. 40: 91-94.
16. Morshed, M.G., J.D. Scott, K. Fernando, L. Beati, D.F. Mazerolle, G. Geddes, and L.A. Durden. 2005. Migratory songbirds disperse ticks across Canada, and first isolation of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi from the avian tick, Ixodes auritulus. J. Parasitol. 91: 780-790.
17. Morshed, M.G., J.D. Scott, K. Fernando, G. Geddes, A. McNabb, S. Mak, and L.A. Durden. 2006. Distribution and characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from Ixodes scapularis and presence in mammalian hosts in Ontario, Canada. J. Med. Entomol. 43: 762-773.
18. Ogden, N.H., L. Trudel, H. Artsob, I.K. Barker, G. Beauchamp, D.F. Charron, M.A. Drebot, T.D. Galloway, R. O'Handley, R.A. Thompson, and L.R. Lindsay. 2006. Ixodes scapularis ticks collected by passive surveillance in Canada: analysis of geographic distribution and infection with Lyme borreliosis agent Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Med. Entomol. 43: 600-609.
19. Patrican, L.A. 1997. Absence of Lyme disease spirochetes in larval progeny of naturally infected Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) fed on dogs. J. Med. Entomol. 34: 52-55.
20. Persing, D.H., S.R. Telford III, A. Spielman, and S.W. Barthold. 1990. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in Ixodes dammini ticks with polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28: 566-572.
21. Postic, D., M.V. Assous, P.A.D. Grimont, and G. Baranton. 1994. Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato evidenced by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf (5S)-rrl (23S) intergenic spacer amplicons. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44: 743-752.
22. Richter, D., D. Postic, N. Sertour, I. Livey, F.-R. Matuschka, and G. Baranton. 2006. Delineation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species by multilocus sequence analysis and confirmation of the delineation of Borrelia spielmanii sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56: 873-881.
23. Scott, J.D., K. Fernando, S.N. Banerjee, L.A. Durden, S.K. Byrne, M. Banerjee, R.B. Mann, and M.G. Morshed. 2001. Birds disperse ixodid (Acari: Ixodidae) and Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks in Canada. J. Med. Entomol. 38: 493-500.
24. Scott, J.D., K. Fernando, L.A. Durden, and M.G. Morshed. 2004. Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, endemic in epicenter at Turkey Point, Ontario. J. Med. Entomol. 41: 226-230.
25. Smith, R.P., Jr., S.B. Muzaffar, J. Lavers, E.H. Lacombe, B.K. Cahill, C.B. Lubelczyk, A. Kinsler, A.J. Mathers, and P.W. Rand. 2006. Borrelia garinii in seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae), Atlantic Coast, North America. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12: 1909-1912.
26. Telford, S.R., III, T.N. Mather, S.I. Moore, M.L. Wilson, and A. Spielman. 1988. Incompetence of deer as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 39: 105-109.
27. Watson, T.G., and R.C. Anderson. 1976. Ixodes scapularis Say on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Long Point, Ontario. J. Wildl. Dis. 12: 66-71.
28. Weisbrod, A.R. and R.C. Johnson. 1989. Lyme disease and migrating birds in the Saint Croix River valley. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55: 1921-1924.