Pseudomonas-associated discospondylitis in a two-month-old llama

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 349-352

  Sura, Radhakrishna ^a   Creden, Anne ^b   Van Kruiningen, Herbert J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b Salmon Brook Veterinary Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

Discospondylitis; Intervertebral disc disease; Llamas; Paresis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Indexed keywords

LAMA (MAMMAL); LAMA GLAMA; PSEUDOMONAS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA;

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; ARTIODACTYLA; CASE REPORT; FATALITY; FEMALE; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; SPONDYLITIS;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; CAMELIDS, NEW WORLD; FATAL OUTCOME; FEMALE; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIONS; SPONDYLITIS;

EID: 54549127284     PISSN: 10406387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000316     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Adamo PF, Cherubini GB: 2001, Discospondylitis associated with three unreported bacteria in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 42:352-355.
2. Adams SB, Steckel R, Blevins W: 1985, Diskospondylitis in five horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:270-272.
3. Baumgartner W, Zajac A, Hull BL, et al.: 1985, Parelaphostrongylosis in llamas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:1243-1245.
4. Betbeze C, McLaughlin R: 2002, Canine diskospondylitis: its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Vet Med 97:673-681.
5. Braund KG, Brewer BD, Mayhew IG: 1987, Inflammatory, infectious, immune, parasitic and vascular diseases. In: Veterinary neurology, ed. Oliver JE, Hoerlein BF, Mayhew IG, pp. 231-232. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
6. Brown TT, Jordan HE, Demorest CN: 1978, Cerebrospinal parelaphostrongylosis in llamas. J Wildl Dis 14:441-444.
7. Cebra CK: 2000, Hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, and hyperosmolarity in 6 neonatal llamas and alpacas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1701-1704.
8. Furr MO, Anver M, Wise M: 1991, Intervertebral disk prolapse and diskospondylitis in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:2095-2096.
9. Hillyer MH, Innes JF, Patteson MW, Barr AR: 1996, Discospondylitis in an adult horse. Vet Rec 139:519-521.
10. Hoskins JD, Kerwin SC: 1997, Musculoskeletal system: joint and vertebral column diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 27:1433-1449.
11. Kornegay JN: 1993, Discospondilitis. In: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed. Slatter DH, 2nd ed., pp. 1087-1094. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
12. Kornegay JN, Anson LW: 1990, Musculoskeletal infections. In: Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed. Greene CE, 2nd ed., pp. 84-96. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
13. Krogdahl DW, Thilsted JP, Olsen SK: 1987, Ataxia and hypermetria caused by Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection in llamas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:191-193.
14. LeCouteur RA, Child G: 1989, Diseases of the spinal cord. In: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed. Ettinger SJ, 3rd ed., pp. 650-654. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
15. Levine GJ, Bissett WT, Cole RC, et al.: 2006, Imaging diagnosis - bacterial diskospondylitis in a goat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:585-588.
16. Moore CP, Shaner JB, Halenda RM, et al.: 1999, Congenital ocular anomalies and ventricular septal defect in a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). J Zoo Wildl Med 30:423-430.
17. Moore MP: 1992, Discospondylitis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22:1027-1034.
18. Morin DE, Toenniessen JG, French RA, et al.: 1994, Degenerative myeloencephalopathy in two llamas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:938-943.
19. Palmer AC, Blakemore WF, O'Sullivan B, et al.: 1980, Ataxia and spinal cord degeneration in llama, wildebeeste and camel. Vet Rec 107:10-11.
20. Summers BA, Cummings JF, deLahunta A, eds.: 1995, Intervertebral disk disease and spinal cord injury. In: Veterinary neuropathology, pp. 200-204. Mosby, St. Louis, MO.
21. Tali ET: 2004, Spinal infections. Eur J Radiol 50:120-133.
22. Thomas WB: 2000, Diskospondylitis and other vertebral infections. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 30:169-182, vii.
23. Thomson K: 2007, Bones and joints. In: Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer's pathology of domestic animals, 5th ed., vol. 1, p. 173. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
24. Valentine BA, Saulez MN, Cebra CK, Fischer KA: 2006, Compressive myelopathy due to intervertebral disk extrusion in a llama (Lama glama). Vet Diagn Invest 18:126-129.
25. Wiley AM, Trueta J: 1959, The vascular anatomy of the spine and its relationship to pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 41-B:, 796-809.
26. Zanolari P, Konar M, Tomek A, et al.: 2006, Paraparesis in an adult alpaca with discospondylitis. J Vet Intern Med 20:1256-1260.
27. Zhuang L, Jung JY, Wang EW, et al.: 2007, Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide induces osteoclastogenesis through a toll-like receptor 4 mediated pathway in vitro and in vivo. Laryngoscope 117:841-847.