Mechanisms of Gravity Perception in Higher Plants

Plant Tropisms

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 3-19

  Valster, Aline H ^a   Blancaflor, Elison B ^a  

^a PLANT BIOLOGY DIVISION   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological systems; Environmental resources; Gravity perception; Organelles; Plant growth

Indexed keywords

EID: 54449100007     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470388297.ch1     Document Type: Chapter

References (76)

1. Allen NS, Chattaraj P, Collings D, and Johannes E. 2003. Gravisensing: Ionic responses, cytoskeleton and amyloplast behavior. Advances in Space Research 32:1631-7.
2. Baluška F, and Hasenstein KH. 1997. Root cytoskeleton: Its role in perception of and response to gravity. Planta 203:S69-S78.
3. Baluška F, Kreibaum A, Vitha S, Parker JS, Barlow PW, and Sievers A. 1997. Central root cap cells are depleted of endoplasmic microtubules and actin microfilament bundles: Implications for their role as gravity-sensing statocytes. Protoplasma 196:212-23.
4. Blancaflor EB. 2002. The cytoskeleton and gravitropism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 21:120-36.
5. Blancaflor EB, Fasano J, and Gilroy S. 1998. Mapping the functional roles of cap cells in the response of Arabidopsis primary roots to gravity. Plant Physiology 116:213-22.
6. Blancaflor EB, and Masson PH. 2003. Update on plant gravitropism. Unraveling the ups and downs of a complex process. Plant Physiology 113:1677-90.
7. Blancaflor EB, Wang Y-S, and Motes CM. 2006. Organization and function of the cytoskeleton in developing root cells. International Review of Cytology 252:219-264.
8. Boonsirichai K, Guan C, Chen R, and Masson PH. 2002. Root gravitropism: An experimental tool to investigate basic cellular and molecular processes underlying mechanosensing and signal transmission in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 53:421-47.
9. Caspar T, and Pickard BG. 1989. Gravitropism in a starchless mutant of Arabidopsis: Implications for the starch-statolith theory of gravity sensing. Planta 177:185-97.
10. Collings DA, Winter H, Wyatt SE, and Allen NS. 1998. Growth dynamics and the cytoskeleton organization during stem maturation and gravity-induced stem bending in Zea mays L. Planta 207:246-58.
11. Collings DA, Zsuppan G, Allen NS, and Blancaflor EB. 2001. Demonstration of prominent actin filaments in the root columella. Planta 212:392-403.
12. Driss-Ecole D, Vassy J, Rembur J, Giuvarch A, Proteau M, Dewitte W, and Perbal G. 2000. Immunolocalization of actin in root statocytes of Lens culinaris L. Journal of Experimental Botany 51:512-28.
13. Esmon CA, Pedmale UV, and Liscum E. 2005. Plant tropisms: Providing the power of movement to a sessile organism. International Journal of Developmental Biology 49:665-74.
14. Friedman H, Vos JW, Hepler PK, Meir S, Halevy AH, and Philosoph-Hadas S. 2003. The role of actin filaments in the gravitropic response of snapdragon flowering shoots. Planta 216: 1034-42.
15. Friml J, Winiewska J, Benková E, Mendgen K, and Palme K. 2002. Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in Arabidopsis. Nature 415:806-9.
16. Fujihara K, Kurata T, Watahiki MK, Karahara I, and Yamamoto KT. 2000. An agravitropic mutant of Arabidopsis, endodermal-amyloplast less, that lacks amyloplasts in hypocotyls endodermal cell layer. Plant Cell Physiology 41:1193-9.
17. Fukaki H, Wysocka-Diller J, Kato T, Fujisawa H, Benfey PN, and Tasaka M. 1998. Genetic evidence that the endodermis is essential for shoot gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal 14:425-30.
18. Hatakeda Y, Kamada M, Goto N, Fukaki H, Tasaka M, Suge H, and Takahashi H. 2003. Gravitropic response plays an important role in the nutational movements of the shoots of Pharbitis nil and Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum 118:464-73.
19. Hensel W. 1985. Cytochalasin B affects the structural polarity of statocytes from cress roots Lepidium sativum L. Protoplasma 129:178-87.
20. Hensel W. 1988. Demonstration by heavy meromyosin of actin microfilaments in extracted cress (Lepidium sativum L.) root statocytes. Planta 173:142-3.
21. Hensel W. 1989. Tissue slices from living root caps as a model system in which to study cytodifferentiation of polar cells. Planta 177:296-303.
22. Hou G, Mohamalawari DR, and Blancaflor EB. 2003. Enhanced gravitropism of roots with a disrupted cap actin cytoskeleton. Plant Physiology 131:1360-73.
23. Hou G, Kramer VL, Wang Y-S, Chen R, Perbal G, Gilroy S, and Blancaflor EB. 2004. The promotion of gravitropism in Arabidopsis roots upon actin disruption is coupled with the extended alkalinization of the columella cytoplasm and a persistent lateral auxin gradient. Plant Journal 31:113-25.
24. Iino M. 2006. Toward understanding the ecological functions of tropisms: Interactions among and effects of light on tropisms. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 9:89-93.
25. Kato T, Morita MT, Fukaki H, Yamauchi Y, Uehara M, Niihama M, and Tasaka M. 2002. SGR2, a phospholipase-like protein, and ZIG/SGR4, a SNARE, are involved in the shoot gravitropism of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14:33-46.
26. Kimbrough JM, Salinas-Mondragon R, Boss WF, Brown CS, and Sederoff HW. 2004. The fast and transient transcriptional network of gravity and mechanical stimulation in the Arabidopsis root apex. Plant Physiology 136:2790-805.
27. Kiss JZ. 2000. Mechanisms of the early phases of plant gravitropism. Crit Rev Plant Sci 19:551-73.
28. Kiss JZ. 2006. Up, down, and all around: How plants sense and respond to environmental stimuli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103:829-30.
29. Kiss JZ, Guisinger MM, Miller, AJ, and Stackhouse KS. 1997. Reduced gravitropism in hypocotyls of starch-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiology 38:518-25.
30. Kiss JZ, Hertel R, and Sack FD. 1989. Amyloplasts are necessary for full gravitropic sensitivity in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 177:198-206.
31. Kiss JZ, Miller KM, Ogden LA, and Roth KK. 2002. Phototropism and gravitropism in lateral roots of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiology 43:35-43.
32. Kitazawa D, Hatakeda Y, Kamada M, Fujii N, Miyazawa Y, Hoshino A, Iida S, Fukaki H, Morita MT, Tasaka M, Suge H, and Takahashi H. 2005. Shoot circumnutation and winding movements require gravisensing cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102:18742-7.
33. Konings H. 1995. Gravitropism of roots: An evaluation of progress during the last three decades. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 44:195-223.
34. Kuznetsov OA, and Hasenstein KH. 1996. Intracellular magnetophoresis of amyloplasts and induction of root curvature. Planta 198:87-94.
35. Ma Z, and Hasenstein KH. 2006. The onset of gravisensitivity in the embryonic root of flax. Plant Physiology 140:159-66.
36. Mancuso S, Barlow PW, Volkmann D, and Baluška F. 2006. Actin turnover-mediated gravity response in maize root apices. Gravitropism of decapped roots implicates gravisensing outside of the root cap. Plant Signaling and Behavior 1:52-8.
37. Mano E, Horiguchi G, and Tsukaya H. 2006. Gravitropism in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant Cell Physiology 47:217-23.
38. Massa GD, and Gilroy S. 2003. Touch modulates gravity sensing to regulate the growth of primary roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal 33:435-45.
39. Moctezuma E, and Feldman LJ. 1999. The role of amyloplasts during gravity perception in gynophores of the peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea). Annals of Botany 84:709-14.
40. Morita MT, Kato T, Nagafusa K, Saito C, Ueda T, Nakano A, and Tasaka M. 2002. Involvement of the vacuoles of the endodermis in the early process of shoot gravitropism in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14:47-56.
41. Morita MT, and Tasaka M. 2004. Gravity sensing and signaling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 7:712-18.
42. Moseyko N, Zhu T, Chang H-S, Wang X, and Feldman, LJ. 2002. Transcription profiling of the early gravitropic response in Arabidopsis using high-density oligonucleotide probe microarrays. Plant Physiology 130:720-8.
43. Palmieri M, and Kiss JZ. 2005. Disruption of the F-actin cytoskeleton limits statolith movement in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Journal of Experimental Botany 419:2539-50.
44. Perbal G, and Driss-Ecole D. 2003. Mechanotransduction in gravisensing cells. Trends in Plant Science 8:498-504.
45. Perera IY, Heilmann I, and Boss WF. 1999. Transient and sustained increases in inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate precede the differential growth response in gravistimulated maize pulvini. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96:5838-43.
46. Perera IY, Heilmann I, Chang SC, Boss WF, and Kaufman PB. 2001. A role for inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate in gravitropic signaling and the retention of cold-perceived gravistimulation of oat shoot pulvini. Plant Physiology 125:1499-507.
47. Perera IY, Hung CY, Brady S, Muday GK, and Boss WF. 2006. A universal role for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated signaling in plant gravitropism. Plant Physiology 140:746-60.
48. Perrin RB, Young L-S, Murthy N, Harrison BR, Wang Y, Will JL, and Masson PH. 2005. Gravity signal transduction in primary roots. Annals of Botany 96:737-43.
49. Sack FD, Hasenstein KH, and Blair A. 1990. Gravitropic curvature of maize roots is not preceded by root cap asymmetry. Annals of Botany 66:203-9.
50. Sack FD. 1991. Plant gravity sensing. International Review of Cytology 127:193-252.
51. Sack FD. 1997. Plastids and gravitropic sensing. Planta 203:S63-S68.
52. Saether N, and Iversen TH. 1991. Gravitropism and starch statoliths in an Arabidopsis mutant. Planta 184:491-7.
53. Saito Y, Yamasaki S, Fuji N, Hagen G, Guilfoyle T, and Takahashi H. 2004. Isolation of cucumber CsARF cDNAs and expression of the corresponding mRNAs during gravity-regulated morphogenesis of cucumber seedlings. Journal of Experimental Botany 55:1315-23.
54. Saito C, Morita MT, Kato T, and Tasaka M. 2005. Amyloplasts and vacuolar membrane dynamics in the living graviperceptive cell of the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. Plant Cell 17:548-558.
55. Schwuchow JM, Kern VD, and Sack FD. 2002. Tip-growing cells of the moss Ceratodon purpureus are gravitropic in high-density media. Plant Physiology 130:2095-2100.
56. Sievers A, Buchen B, Volkmann D, and Hejnowicz Z. 1991. Role of cytoskeleton in gravity perception. In The cytoskeletal basis of plant growth and form, edited by Clive W. Lloyd, 169-82. London: Academic Press.
57. Sievers A, Buchen B, and Hodick D. 1996. Gravity sensing in tip-growing cells. Trends in Plant Science 1:273-9.
58. Silady RA, Kato T, Kukowitz W, Sieber P, Tasaka M, and Somerville CR. 2004. The gravitropism defective 2 mutants of Arabidopsis are deficient in a protein implicated in endocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Plant Physiology 136:3095-103.
59. Staves MP. 1997. Cytoplasmic streaming and gravity sensing in Chara internodal cells. Planta 203:S79-S84.
60. Staves MP, Wayne R, and Leopold AC. 1997. The effect of external medium on the gravitropic curvature of rice (Oryza sativa, Poaceae) roots. American Journal of Botany 84:1522-9.
61. Takahashi H, Kamada M, Yamazaki Y, Fujii N, Higashitani A, Aizawa S, Yoshizaki I, Kamigaichi S, Mukai C, Shimazu T, and Kukuki K. 2000. Morphogenesis in cucumber seedlings is negatively controlled by gravity. Planta 210:515-8.
62. Tanaka A, Kobayashi Y, Hase Y, and Watanabe H. 2002. Positional effect of cell inactivation on root gravitropism using heavy-ion microbeams. Journal of Experimental Botany 53:683-7.
63. Tsugeki R, and Fedoroff NV. 1999. Genetic ablation of root cap cells in Arabidopsis. 96:12941-6.
64. Volkmann D, Baluška F, Lichtscheidl IK, Driss-Ecole D, and Perbal G. 1999. Statoliths motions in gravity-perceiving plant cells: Does actomyosin counteract gravity? FASEB Journal 13:S143-S147.
65. Wang Y-S, Motes CM, Mohamalawari DR, and Blancaflor EB. (2004). Green fluorescent protein fusions to Arabidopsis fimbrin 1 for spatio-temporal imaging of F-actin dynamics in roots. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 59:79-93.
66. Wayne R, and Staves MP. 1996. A down-to-earth model of gravisensing or Newton's Law of Gravitation from the apple's perspective. Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 98:917-21.
67. Weise SE, and Kiss J. 1999. Gravitropism of inflorescence stems in starch-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis. Int J Plant Sci 160:521-7.
68. Weise SE, Kuznetsov OA, Hasenstein KH, and Kiss JZ. 2000. Curvature in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems is limited to the regions of amyloplasts displacement. Plant and Cell Physiology 41:702-9.
69. White RG, and Sack FD. 1990. Actin microfilaments in presumptive statocytes of roots caps and coleoptiles. American Journal of Botany 77:17-26.
70. Wolverton C, Mullen JL, Ishikawa H, and Evans ML. 2002a. Root gravitropism in response to a signal originating outside of the cap. Planta 215:153-7.
71. Wolverton C, Ishikawa H, and Evans ML. 2002b. The kinetics of root gravitropism: Dual motors and sensors. Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation 21:102-12.
72. Yamamoto K, and Kiss JZ. 2002. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton results in the promotion of gravitropism in inflorescence stems and hypocotyls of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 128: 669-81.
73. Yano D, Sato M, Saito C, Sato MH, Morita MT, and Tasaka M. 2003. A SNARE complex containing SGR3/AtVAM3 and ZIG/VTI11 in gravity-sensing cells is important for Arabidopsis shoot gravitropism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100:8589-94.
74. Yoder TL, Zheng H-Q, Todd P, and Staehelin LA. 2001. Amyloplast sedimentation dynamics in maize columella cells support a new model for the gravity-sensing apparatus of roots. Plant Physiology 125:1045-60.
75. Yoshihara T, and Iino M. 2005. Circumnutation of rice coleoptiles: Its occurrence, regulation by phytochrome, and relationship with gravitropism. Plant Cell and Environment 28:134-46.
76. Yoshihara T, and Iino M. 2006. Circumnutation of rice coleoptiles: Its relationships with gravitropism and absence in lazy mutants. Plant Cell and Environment 29:778-92.