Bionomics and management of major thrips species on agricultural crops in Africa

Outlook on Agriculture

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 191-199

  Gahukar, R T ^a  

^a Arag Biotech Pvt Ltd   (India)

Author keywords

Control measures; IPM; Pest status and bionomics; Thrips species

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPODA; FRANKLINIELLA; FRANKLINIELLA SCHULTZEI; MEGALUROTHRIPS SJOSTEDTI; SCIRTOTHRIPS; SCIRTOTHRIPS AURANTII; SERICOTHRIPS ADOLFIFRIDERICI; THRIPIDAE; THRIPS TABACI;

EID: 5444275824     PISSN: 00307270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5367/0000000042530213     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Abou El-Hagag, G. H. (1998a), 'Effect of spraying cotton plants during the early season against cotton aphid on cotton pests, natural enemies and some crop characters in southern Egypt', Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 29, pp 91-100.
2. Abou El-Hagag, G. H. (1998b), 'Seasonal abundance of certain cotton pests and their associated natural enemies in southern Egypt', Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 29, pp 253-267.
3. Afifi, F. M. L., and Haydar, M. F. (1990), 'Effect of different intercropping systems on onion and garlic infestation with cotton and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind.', Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cairo, Vol 41, No 3, pp 639-648.
4. Afun, J. V. K., Jackai, L. E. N., and Hodgson, C. J. (1991), 'Calendar and monitored insecticide application for the control of cowpea pests', Crop Protection, Vol 10, pp 363-368.
5. Agyen-Sampong, M. (1978), 'Pests of cowpea and their control in Ghana', in Singh, S. R., Van Emeden, H. F., and Taylor, T. A., eds, Pests of Grain Legumes: Ecology and Control, Academic Press, London, pp 85-92.
6. Akingbohungbe, A. E. (1982), 'Seasonal variation in cowpea crop performance at Ife-Ife, Nigeria, and the relationship to insect damage', Insect Science and its Application, Vol 3, pp 287-296.
7. Allen, D. J., and Van Damme, P. (1981), 'On thrips transmission of cowpea (yellow) mosaic virus', Tropical Agriculture, Vol 58, pp 181-184.
8. Amin, P. W., Reddy, D. V. R., and Ghanekar, A. M. (1981), 'Transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus, the causal agent of bud necrosis of peanut by Scirtothrips dorsalis and Frankliniella schultzei', Plant Disease, Vol 65, pp 63-65.
9. Ayoade, K. A. (1975), 'Preliminary investigation into the effects of some insecticides, sprayers and methods of application on the insect pests and yields of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.)', Nigerian Journal of Entomology, Vol 1, pp 133-141.
10. Bournier, A. (1971), 'Thysanopteres d'Afrique Noire', Bulletin de l'IFAN, Vol 33, pp 145-157.
11. Brink, T. (1994), 'The occurrence of thrips on mango inflorescences', Yearbook of South African Mango Growers Association, Vol 14, pp 78-81.
12. Brink, T. (1995), 'The occurrence of citrus thrips (Scirtothrips aurantii Faure) on mango fruit', Yearbook of South African Mango Growers Association, Vol 15, pp 99-101.
13. Bullock, J. A. (1963), 'Thysartoptera associated with pyrethrum and the control of Thrips tabaci Lind.', Tropical Agriculture, Vol 40, pp 329-335.
14. Chyzik, R., Klein, M., and Ben, D. Y. (1995), 'Reproduction and survival of the predatory bug Orius albidipennis on various arthropod prey', Entomologia Experimentalis & Applicata, Vol 75, pp 27-31.
15. COPR (1981), Pest Control in Tropical Grain Legumes, Centre for Overseas Pest Research, Overseas Development Administration, London.
16. Daiber, K. C. (1994), 'Injurious insects on asparagus in southern Africa', Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschultz, Vol 101, pp 215-221.
17. Daiber, K. C. (1996a), 'Injurious insects, spider mites and nematodes on tomatoes in southern Africa', Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschultz, Vol 103, pp 94-110.
18. Daiber, K. C. (1996b), 'Injurious insects, spider mites and nematodes on various vegetables in southern Africa', Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschultz, Vol 103, pp 325-332.
19. Dawood, M. Z., and Haydar, M. F. (1996), 'Onion planting dates and chemical control measures in relation to Thrips tabaci Lind. infestation levels and the onion yield', Annals of Agricultural Sciences, Moshtohor, Egypt, Vol 34, No 1, pp 365-372.
20. Diambo, B., Yagoua, D., Renou, A., and Martin, T. (1993), 'New prospects for the protection of cowpea crops in Tchad', Sahel PV Info, Vol 58, pp 13-21.
21. Dissemond, A., and Hindorf, H. (1990), 'Influence of sorghum/ maize/cowpea intercropping in the insect situation at Mbita Point, Kenya', Journal of Applied Entomology, Vol 109, pp 144-150.
22. El-Dahan, A. A., Kady, M., Khalil, F. A., and Serig, M. A. (1990), 'Chemical control of Thrips tabaci Lind. on cotton seedlings', Agricultural Research Review, Vol 68, No 1, pp 157-163.
23. El-Gendi, S. M. (1998), 'Population fluctuation of Thrips tabaci Lind. on onion plants under Fayoum environmental conditions', Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 6, No 1, pp 267-276.
24. El-Hamady, S. E. E., and Sholoa, M. K. A. A. (1999), 'Field evaluation of imidacloprid applied as seed treatment to control Thrips tabaci Lind. on cotton with regard to soil pollution', Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 7, No 2, pp 561-574.
25. El-Mahal, A. K. M., and Nasr, H. A. (1966), 'Effect of some cultural practices on the infestation of cotton seedlings with Thrips tabaci Lind.', Bulletin of Entomological Society, Egypt (Economic Series), Vol 1, pp 85-107.
26. Ezueh, M. I. (1981), 'Nature and significance of pre-flowering damage by thrips to cowpea', Entomologia Experimentalis & Applicata, Vol 29, pp 305-312.
27. Ezueh, M. I., and Amusa, L. O. (1988), 'Cowpea insect damage as influenced by the presence of weeds', Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Vol 21, pp 255-263.
28. Ezueh, M. I., and Taylor, T. A. (1984), 'Effects of time of intercropping with maize on cowpea susceptibility to major pests', Tropical Agriculture, Vol 61, pp 82-86.
29. Faure, J. C. (1968), 'South African Thysanoptera, Part 9', Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa, Vol 21, pp 354-375.
30. Gahukar, R. T. (1987), 'Programme d'entomologie: synthèse et activités (1981-87) et recommendations', Rapport Preparé Pour le Gouvernement du Sénégal, FAO, Rome.
31. Gahukar, R. T. (1989), 'Pest and disease incidence in pearl millet under different plant density and intercropping patterns', Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Vol 26, pp 69-74.
32. Grout, T. G. (1994), 'The distribution and abundance of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on citrus in southern Africa and their possible value as predators of citrus thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)', Experimental & Applied Acarology, Vol 18, No 2, pp 61-71.
33. Grout, T. G., and Richards, G. I. (1992a), 'Euseius addoensis addoensis: an effective predator of citrus thrips, Scirtothrips aurantii, in the eastern Cape Province of South Africa', Experimental & Applied Acarology, Vol 15, No 1, pp 1-13.
34. Grout, T. G., and Richards, G. I. (1992b), 'The dietary effect of windbreak pollens on longevity and fecundity of a predaceous mite, Euseius addoensis addoensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) found in citrus orchards in South Africa', Bulletin of Entomological Research, Vol 82, No 3, pp 317-320.
35. Grout, T. G., and Stephen, P. R. (1994), 'Importation of Neoseiulus cucumeris: how will it affect existing thrips control by Euseius addoensis on citrus?' Citrus Journal, Vol 4, No 2, pp 22-24.
36. Grout, T. G., and Stephen, P. R. (1995a), 'New windbreak tree contributes towards integrated pest management of citrus', Citrus Journal, Vol 5, No 4, pp 26-27.
37. Grout, T. G., and Stephen, P. R. (1995b), 'Goetheana incerta parasitizing citrus thrips in southern Africa', Citrus Journal, Vol 5, No 4, pp 30-32.
38. Grout, T. G., Stephen, P. R., and Croix, N. J. S. (1996), 'Citrus thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Swaziland develop tolerance to tartar emetic bait', African Entomology, Vol 4, No 1, pp 15-20.
39. Grout, T. G., and Veckermann, E. A. (1999), 'Predatory mites (Acari) found under citrus trees in the southern African world', International Journal of Acarology, Vol 25, No 3, pp 235-238.
40. Halteren, P. van (1970), 'The onion thrips, Thrips tabaci, on shallots and onions', Legon Agriculture News, Vol 4, No 1, pp 6-7.
41. Hamdy, M. K., and Salem, M. (1994), 'The effect of planting dates of onion, temperature and relative humidity on the population density of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. in Egypt', Annals of Agricultural Science, Cairo, Vol 39, No 1, pp 417-424.
42. Hamid, A. M., and Korkor, A. A. (1999), 'The role of some natural oils on the efficiency of monocrotophos on Thrips tabaci infesting cotton seedlings', Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 77, No 4, pp 1565-1572.
43. Hill, D. S. (1975), Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control, Cambridge University Press, London.
44. Ingram, W. R. (1969), 'Observations on the pest status of bean flower thrips in Uganda', East African Agriculture & Forestry Journal, Vol 34, pp 482-484.
45. Jackai, I. E. N., and Singh, S. R. (1988), 'Screening techniques for host plant resistance to insect pests of cowpea', Tropical Grain Legumes Bulletin, Vol 35, pp 2-18.
46. Jacobs, S. (1995), 'Thrips damage and control in apple orchards', Deciduous Fruit Grower, Vol 45, No 8, pp 323-331.
47. Kamburov, S. S. (1991), 'Damage to fruit and the impact on crop set from late infestations of citrus thrips (Scirtothrips aurantii Faure)', Citrus Journal, Vol 1, No 1, pp 33-34.
48. Kandil, M. A., Barakat, A. A., Saleh, A. Y., and Ibrahim N. M. (1991), 'Evaluation of some insecticides for thrips and aphid control in cotton fields', Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cairo, Vol. 42, No 4, pp 1149-1156.
49. Kimani, P. M., and Mbatia, O. L. E. (1993), 'Production and marketing of onions in Kenya: status, problems and potential', Onion Newsletter for the Tropics, Vol 5, pp 18-23.
50. Kisha, J. S. A. (1979), 'Insecticides for the control of Thrips tabaci on onions in the Sudan', PANS, Vol 25, pp 19-24.
51. Kisha, J. S. A. (1983), 'Evaluation of organochlorine and granular insecticides for thrip control on onions', Bulletin of Entomological Society, Egypt, Vol 11, pp 139-148.
52. Kyamanywa, S., and Tukahirwa, E. M. (1988), 'Effect of mixed cropping of beans, cowpeas and maize on population densities of bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thripidae)', Insect Science and its Application, Vol 9, pp 255-259.
53. Matteson, P. C. (1982), 'The effects of intercropping with cereals and minimal permethrin application on insect pests of cowpea and their natural enemies in Nigeria', Tropical Pest Management, Vol 28, pp 372-380.
54. Mensah, G. W. K. (1988), 'Relative effectiveness of insecticide sprays on insect damage and yield of three cowpea cultivars in Swaziland', Insect Science and its Application, Vol. 9, pp 101-108.
55. Mound, L. A., Heming, B. S., and Palmer, J. M. (1980), 'Phylogenetic relationships between, the families of recent Thysanoptera (Insecta)', Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, Vol 69, pp 111-141.
56. Mound, L. A., and Palmer, J. M. (1981), 'Phylogenetic relationships between some genera of Thripidae (Thysanoptera)', Entomologica Scandinavia, Vol 15, pp 153-170.
57. Mourad, E. I. (1992), 'Potency and residual activity of insecticides against Thrips tabaci Lind.', Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 70, No 2, pp 443-450.
58. Moustafa, O. K., Abou-Seeda, S. A. B., and El-Attal, Z. M. (1990), 'Role of adjuvants in increasing insecticides bioactivity', Agricultural Research Review, Vol 68, pp 165-172.
59. Nangju, D., Flinn, J. C., and Singh, S. R. (1979), 'Control of cowpea pests by utilisation of insect resistant cultivars and minimum insecticide application', Field Crops Research, Vol 2, pp 373-385.
60. Nyiira, Z. M. (1971), 'The status of insect pests of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Uganda and their control', PANS, Vol 17, pp 194-197.
61. Okwakpam, B. A., and Youdeowei, A. (1980), 'The annotated key to four species of thrips (Thysanoptera) attacking edible legumes in Nigeria', Bulletin de l'IFAN, Vol 42, pp 157-165.
62. Omar, H. I. H., Haydar, M. F., and Afifi, F. M. L. (1993), 'Effect of NPK and their combinations as soil fertilizers on tomato infestation with certain insects', Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 71, No 1, pp 195-205.
63. Palmer, J. M. (1990), 'Identification of the common thrips of tropical Africa (Thysanoptera: Insecta)', Tropical Pest Management, Vol 36, pp 27-49.
64. Pitkin, B. R., and Mound, L. A. (1973), 'A catalogue of West African Thysanoptera', Bulletin de l'IFAN, Vol 35, pp 407-449.
65. Price, M., Chambuya, R. I., and Machange, F. Z. (1983), 'Insecticide evaluation and timing of spray application for insect control in cowpeas in Tanzania', Tropical Grain Legumes Bulletin, Vol 28, pp 4-8.
66. Priesner, H. (1952), 'On some central African Thysanoptera', Bulletin de l'IFAN, Vol 14, pp 842-848.
67. Radwan, S. M. E., Abdel-Hamid, Z. H., El-Sadaany, G. B., and Romeilah, M. A. (2000), 'The triangular relationship between cotton transplanting, planting dates and the population density of sap sucking pests', Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 78, No 4, pp 1449-1476.
68. Salifu, A. B., and Hodgson, C. J. (1987), 'Dispersion patterns and sequential sampling plans for Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in cowpeas', Bulletin of Entomological Research, Vol 77, pp 441-449.
69. Salifu, A. B., and Singh, S. R. (1987), 'Evaluation of sampling methods for Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cowpea', Bulletin of Entomological Research, Vol 77, pp 451-456.
70. Salifu, A. B., Singh, S. R., and Hodgson, C. J. (1988), 'Mechanism of resistance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotype Tvx 3236, to the bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). 2. Non-preference and antibiosis', Tropical Pest Management, Vol 34, pp 185-188.
71. Schwartz, A. (1988), 'Population dynamics of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on table grapes', South African Journal of Entomology & Viticulture, Vol 9, pp 19-21.
72. Sdoodee, R., and Teakle, D. S. (1987), 'Transmission of tobacco streak virus by Thrips tabaci: a new method of plant virus transmission', Plant Pathology, Vol 36, pp 377-380.
73. Sewify, G. H., El-Arnaouty, S. A., and Belal, M. H. (1996), 'The effect of cotton late planting on population densities of sucking insects and their associated predators in Giza region, Egypt', Bulletin of Faculty of Agricultural University, Cairo, Vol 47, No 4, pp 665-675.
74. Sharaf, A. A. A., Ismail, I. I., Ali, M. A., and Hashem, M. Y. (1993), 'Effect of intercropping systems and planting methods on the population of onion pests', Bulletin of Entomological Society of Egypt, Vol 71, pp 139-152.
75. Shaw, M. I. P. (1979), 'Insect borne diseases of tobacco in Rhodesia and the role of the tobacco free period', Rhodesia Agricultural Journal, Vol 76, pp 87-90.
76. Shimeles, A. (1998), 'Performance of short day onion cultivars in upper Awash valley', AgriTopia, Vol 13, No 1, pp 7-8.
77. Singh, S. R., and Allen, D. J. (1979), Cowpea Pests and Diseases, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.
78. Singh, S. R., and Taylor, T. A. (1978), Tests of grain legumes and their control in Nigeria', in Singh, S. R., Van Emden, H. F., and Taylor, T. A., eds, Pests of Grain Legumes: Ecology and Control, Academic Press, London, pp 99-111.
79. Swailem, S. M., and Abul-Ela, S. (1975), 'Effectiveness of certain organic insecticides against Thrips tabaci Lind. under field conditions (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)', Bulletin of Entomological Society, Egypt (Economic Series), Vol 9, pp 211-215.
80. Ta'Ama, M. (1983), 'Yield performance of thrips resistant cultivars and insecticide application', Tropical Grain Legumes Bulletin, Vol 27, pp 26-28.
81. Tanzubil, P. B. (1991), 'Control of some insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with neem (Azadirachta india A. Juss) in northern Ghana', Tropical Pest Management, Vol 37, pp 216-217.
82. Tarimo, A. J. P., and Karel, A. K. (1987), 'Insect pests of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Tanzania and their control', in Proceedings of Second Regional Groundnut Workshop for Southern Africa, 10-14 February 1986, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India, pp 95-102.
83. Taylor, T. A. (1964), 'The field pests problems on cowpeas, Vigna sinensis L., in southern Nigeria', Nigerian Grower and Producer, Vol 3, pp 17-21.
84. Taylor, T. A. (1969), 'On the population dynamics and flight activity of Taeniothrips sjostedti Tryb.) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cowpea', Bulletin of Entomological Society of Nigeria, Vol 2, pp 142-145.
85. Taylor, T. A. (1974), 'On the population dynamics of Taeniothrips sjostedti (Tryb.) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cowpea and alternate host, Centrosema pubescens Benth. in Nigeria', Revue de Zoologie Africaine, Vol 88, pp 689-702.
86. Wells, P. D. (1980), 'Onion production in Zimbabwe', Zimbabwe Agricultural Journal, Vol 76, pp 117-126.
87. Wheatley, A. R. D., Wightman, J. A., Williams, J. H., and Wheatley, S. J. (1989), 'The influence of drought stress on the distribution of insects of four groundnut genotypes grown near Hyderabad, India', Bulletin of Entomological Research, Vol 79, pp 567-577.
88. Wien, H. C., and Roensingh, C. (1980), 'Ethylene evolution by thrips infested cowpea provides a basis for thrips resistance screening with ethephon sprays', Nature, Vol 283, pp 192-194.
89. Wightman, J. A., and Amin, P. W. (1988), 'Groundnut pests and their control in semi-arid tropics', Tropical Pest Management, Vol 34, pp 218-225.
90. Williams, R. J. (1977), 'Identification of resistance to cowpea (yellow) mosaic virus', Tropical Agriculture, Vol 54, pp 61-67.
91. Youssef, K. H., El-Okda, M. M., and El-Assar, M. R. (1986), 'Control of potato thrips and certain piercing and sucking pests on early potato summer plantation in Necandia Governorate', Bulletin Entomological Society, Egypt (Economic Series), Vol 15, pp 87-90.