Construction of a human glycogene library and comprehensive functional analysis

Glycoconjugate Journal

Volumn 21, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 17-24

  Narimatsu, Hisashi ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

Author keywords

glycogene; glycogene project; glycosyltransferase; sugar nucleotide transporter; sulfotransferase

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE; NUCLEOTIDE TRANSPORTER; SULFOTRANSFERASE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BIOINFORMATICS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CATALYSIS; CONFERENCE PAPER; DATA BASE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE CONSTRUCT; GENE CONTROL; GENE DELETION; GENE LIBRARY; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; MAMMAL; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MOLECULAR CLONING; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE TRANSPORT; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS;

ANIMALS; CARBOHYDRATES; CLONING, MOLECULAR; COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY; GENE LIBRARY; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; HUMANS; MODELS, GENETIC; PHYLOGENY; SOFTWARE; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 5444270971     PISSN: 02820080     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:GLYC.0000043742.99482.01     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (69)

1. Paulson JC, Colley KJ, Glycosyltransferases. Structure, localization, and control of cell type-specific glycosylation, J Biol Chem 264, 17615-8 (1989).
2. Narimatsu H, Recent progress in molecular cloning of glycosyltransferase genes of eukaryotes, Microbiol Immunol 38, 489-504 (1994).
3. Martinez-Duncker I, Mollicone R, Candelier JJ, Breton C, Oriol R, A new superfamily of protein-O-fucosyltransferases, α2-fucosyltransferases, and α6-fucosyltransferases: Phylogeny and identification of conserved peptide motifs, Glycobiology 13, 1-5 (2003).
4. Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Gotoh M, Narimatsu H, Comparison of glycosyltransferase families using the profile hidden Markov model, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 310, 574-9 (2003).
5. Bailey TL, Elkan C, Fitting a mixture model by expectation maximization to discover motifs in biopolymers. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology, AAAI Press, pp. 28-36, 1994.
6. Shaper NL, Shaper JH, Meuth JL, Fox JL, Chang H, Kirsch IR, Hollis GF, Bovine galactosyltransferase: Identification of a clone by direct immunological screening of a cDNA expression library, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 1573-7 (1986).
7. Narimatsu H, Sinha S, Brew K, Okayama H, Qasba PK, Cloning and sequencing of cDNA of bovine N-acetylglucosamine (β1-4)galactosyltransferase, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 4720-4 (1986).
8. Taniguchi N, Honke K, Fukuda M (Eds.), Handbook of Glycosyltransferases and Related Genes (Springer-Verlag Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2001).
9. Kawar ZS, Van Die I, Cummings RD, Molecular cloning and enzymatic characterization of a UDP-GalNAc:GlcNAcβ-R β1,4-N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from Caenorhabditis elegans, J Biol Chem 277, 34924-32 (2002).
10. Zheng Q, Van Die I, Cummings RD, Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel α 1,2-fucosyltransferase (CE2FT-1) from Caenorhabditis elegans, J Biol Chem 277, 39823-32 (2002).
11. Blumenfeld O, Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Databases. http://www.bioc.aecom.yu.edu/bgmut/index.htm
12. Lo NW, Shaper JH, Pevsner J, Shaper NL, The expanding β4-galactosyltransferase gene family: Messages from the databanks, Glycobiology 8, 517-26 (1998).
13. Almeida R, Amado M, David L, Levery SB, Holmes EH, Merkx G, van Kessel AG, Rygaard E, Hassan H, Bennett E, Clausen H, A family of human β4-galactosyltransferases. Cloning and expression of two novel UDP-galactose: β-N-acetylglucosamine β1, 4-galactosyltransferases, β4Gal-T2 and β4Gal-T3, J Biol Chem 272, 31979-91 (1997).
14. Schwientek T, Almeida R, Levery SB, Holmes EH, Bennett E, Clausen H, Cloning of a novel member of the UDP-galactose:β-N-acetylglucosamine β1,4-galactosyltransferase family, β4Gal-T4, involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, J Biol Chem 273, 29331-40 (1998)
15. Amado M, Almeida R, Schwientek T, Clausen H, Identification and characterization of large galactosyltransferase gene families: Galactosyltransferases for all functions, Biochim Biophys Acta 1473, 35-53 (1999).
16. Okajima T, Yoshida K, Kondo T, Furukawa K, Human homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans sqv-3 gene is galactosyltransferase I involved in the biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region of proteoglycans, J Biol Chem 274, 22915-8 (1999).
17. Almeida R, Levery SB, Mandel U, Kresse H, Schwientek T, Bennett EP, Clausen H, Cloning and expression of a proteoglycan UDP-galactose:β-xylose β1,4-galactosyltransferase I. A seventh member of the human β4-galactosyltransferase gene family, J Biol Chem 274, 26165-71 (1999).
18. Kitagawa H, Uyama T, Sugahara K, Molecular cloning and expression of a human chondroitin synthase, J Biol Chem 276, 38721-6 (2001).
19. Gotoh M, Yada T, Sato T, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Mochizuki H, Inaba N, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Kimata K, Narimatsu H, Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase that transfers glucuronic acid to N-acetylgalactosamine, J Biol Chem 277, 38179-88 (2002).
20. Kitagawa H, Izumikawa T, Uyama T, Sugahara K, Molecular cloning of a chondroitin polymerizing factor that cooperates with chondroitin synthase for chondroitin polymerization, J Biol Chem 278, 23666-71 (2003).
21. Yada T, Gotoh M, Sato T, Shionyu M, Go M, Kaseyama H, Iwasaki H, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Narimatsu H, Kimata K, Chondroitin sulfate synthase-2. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human glycosyltransferase homologous to chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase, which has dual enzymatic activities, J Biol Chem 278, 30235-47 (2003).
22. Uyama T, Kitagawa H, Tamura Ji J, Sugahara K, Molecular cloning and expression of human chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase: The key enzyme for chain initiation and elongation of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate on the protein linkage region tetrasaccharide shared by heparin/heparan sulfate, J Biol Chem 277, 8841-6 (2002).
23. Gotoh M, Sato T, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Kameyama A, Mochizuki H, Yada T, Inaba N, Zhang Y, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Nishihara S, Watanabe H, Kimata K, Narimatsu H, Enzymatic synthesis of chondroitin with a novel chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that transfers N-acetylgalactosamine to glucuronic acid in initiation and elongation of chondroitin sulfate synthesis, J Biol Chem 277, 38189-96 (2002).
24. Sato T, Gotoh M, Kiyohara K, Akashima T, Iwasaki H, Kameyama A, Mochizuki H, Yada T, Inaba N, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Asada M, Watanabe H, Imamura T, Kimata K, Narimatsu H, Differential roles of two N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, CSGalNAcT-1, and a novel enzyme, CSGalNAcT-2. Initiation and elongation in synthesis of chondroitin sulfate, J Biol Chem 278, 3063-71 (2003).
25. Uyama T, Kitagawa H, Tanaka J, Tamura J, Ogawa T, Sugahara K, Molecular cloning and expression of a second chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase involved in the initiation and elongation of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, J Biol Chem 278, 3072-78 (2003).
26. Yada T, Sato T, Kaseyama H, Gotoh M, Iwasaki H, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Watanabe H, Narimatsu H, Kimata K, Chondroitin sulfate synthase-3. Molecular cloning and characterization, J Biol Chem 278, 39711-25 (2003).
27. Sato T, Gotoh M, Kiyohara K, Kameyama A, Kubota T, Kikuchi N, Ishizuka Y, Iwasaki H, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Ohkura T, Nakanishi H, Narimatsu H, Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human β1,4-N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, β4GalNAc-T3, responsible for the synthesis of N, N′-diacetyllactosediamine, GalNAc β1-4GlcNAc, J Biol Chem 278, 47534-44 (2003).
28. Gotoh M, Sato T, Kiyohara K, Kameyama A, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Ishizuka Y, Iwai T, Nakanishi H, Narimatsu H, Molecular cloning and characterization of β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases IV synthesizing N,N′-diacetyllactosediamine, FEBS Lett 562, 134-40 (2004).
29. Sasaki K, Sasaki E, Kawashima K, Hanai N, Nishi T, Hasegawa M, Japan patent 0618759 A 940705 (1994).
30. Miyazaki H, Fukumoto S, Okada M, Hasegawa T, Furukawa K, Expression cloning of rat cDNA encoding UDP-galactose: GD2 β1,3-galactosyltransferase that determines the expression of GD1b/GM1/GA1, J Biol Chem 272, 24794-9 (1997).
31. Hennet T, Dinter A, Kuhnert P, Mattu TS, Rudd PM, Berger EG, Genomic cloning and expression of three murine UDP-galactose: β-N-acetylglucosamine β1,3-galactosyltransferase genes, J Biol Chem 273, 58-65 (1998).
32. Amado M, Almeida R, Carneiro F, Levery SB, Holmes EH, Nomoto M, Hollingsworth MA, Hassan H, Schwientek T, Nielsen PA, Bennett EP, Clausen H, A family of human β3-galactosyltransferases. Characterization of four members of a UDP-galactose:β-N-acetylglucosamine/ β-N-acetylgalactosamine β-1,3-galactosyltransferase family, J Biol Chem 273, 12770-8 (1998).
33. Okajima T, Nakamura Y, Uchikawa M, Haslam DB, Numata SI, Furukawa K, Urano T, Furukawa K, Expression cloning of human globoside synthase cDNAs. Identification of β3Gal-T3 as UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: Globotriaosylceramide β1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, J Biol Chem 275, 40498-503 (2000).
34. Isshiki S, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Nishihara S, Watanabe M, Kubota T, Kitajima M, Shiraishi N, Sasaki K, Andoh T, Narimatsu H, Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel UDP-galactose: β-N-acetylglucosamine β1,3-galactosyltransferase (β3Gal-T5) responsible for synthesis of type 1 chain in colorectal and pancreatic epithelia and tumor cells derived therefrom, J Biol Chem 274, 12499-507 (1999).
35. Zhou D, Henion TR, Jungalwala FB, Berger EG, Hennet T, The β1,3-galactosyltransferase β3GalT-V is a stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3) synthase, J Biol Chem 275, 22631-4 (2000).
36. Isshiki S, Kudo T, Nishihara S, Ikehara Y, Togayachi A, Furaya A, Shitara K, Kubota T, Watanabe M, Kitajima M, Narimatsu H, Lewis type 1 antigen synthase (β3Gal-T5) is transcriptionally regulated by homeoproteins, J Biol Chem 278, 36611-20 (2003).
37. Bai X, Zhou D, Brown JR, Crawford BE, Hennet T, Esko JD, Biosynthesis of the linkage region of glycosaminoglycans: Cloning and activity of galactosyltransferase II, the sixth member of the β1,3- galactosyltransferase family (β3GalT6), J Biol Chem 276, 48189-95 (2001).
38. Zhou D, Dinter A, Gutierrez Gallego R, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF, Berger EG, Hennet T, β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase with poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity is structurally related to β-1,3-galactosyltransferases, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 406-11 (1999).
39. Shiraishi N, Natsume A, Togayachi A, Endo T, Akashima T, Yamada Y, Imai N, Nakagawa S, Koizumi S, Sekine S, Narimatsu H, Sasaki K, Identification and characterization of three novel β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases structurally related to the β1,3-galactosyltransferase family, J Biol Chem 276, 498-507 (2001).
40. Togayachi A, Akashima T, Ookubo R, Kudo T, Nishihara S, Iwasaki H, Natsume A, Mio H, Inokuchi J, Irimura T, Sasaki K, Narimatsu H, Molecular cloning and characterization of UDP-GlcNAc:lactosylceramide β1,3-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase (β3Gn-T5), an essential enzyme for the expression of HNK-1 and Lewis X epitopes on glycolipids, J Biol Chem 276, 22032-40 (2001).
41. Yeh JC, Hiraoka N, Petryniak B, Nakayama J, Ellies LG, Rabuka D, Hindsgaul O, Marth JD, Lowe JB, Fukuda M, Novel sulfated lymphocyte homing receptors and their control by a Corel extension β1,3-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Cell 105, 957-69 (2001).
42. Iwai T, Inaba N, Naundorf A, Zhang Y, Gotoh M, Iwasaki H, Kudo T, Togayachi A, Ishizuka Y, Nakanishi H, Narimatsu H, Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel UDP-Glc NAc:GalNAc-peptide β1,3-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase (β3Gn-T6), an enzyme synthesizing the core 3 structure of O-glycans, J Biol Chem 277, 12802-9 (2002).
43. Seko A, Yamashita K, β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-7 (β3Gn-T7) acts efficiently on keratan sulfate-related glycans, FEBS Lett 556, 216-20 (2004).
44. Hiruma T, Togayachi A, Okamura K, Sato T, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Nakamura A, Fujimura K, Gotoh M, Tachibana K, Ishizuka Y, Noce T, Nakanishi H, Narimatsu H, A novel human β1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that synthesizes a unique carbohydrate structure, GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAc, J Biol Chem 279, 14087-95 (2004).
45. Homa FL, Hollander T, Lehman DJ, Thomsen DR, Elhammer AP, Isolation and expression of a cDNA clone encoding a bovine UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, J Biol Chem 268, 12609-16 (1993).
46. White T, Bennett EP, Takio K, Sorensen T, Bonding N, Clausen H, Purification and cDNA cloning of a human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, J Biol Chem 270, 24156-65 (1995).
47. Bennett EP, Hassan H, Clausen H cDNA cloning and expression of a novel human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine. Polypeptide N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GalNAc-T3, J Biol Chem 271, 17006-12 (1996).
48. Bennett EP, Hassan H, Mandel U, Mirgorodskaya E, Roepstorff P, Burchell J, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Hollingsworth MA, Merkx G, van Kessel AG, Eiberg H, Steffensen R, Clausen H, Cloning of a human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-Galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that complements other GalNAc-transferases in complete O-glycosylation of the MUC1 tandem repeat, J Biol Chem 273, 30472-81 (1998).
49. Bennett EP, Hassan H, Mandel U, Hollingsworth MA, Akisawa N, Ikematsu Y, Merkx G, van Kessel AG, Olofsson S, Clausen H, Cloning and characterization of a close homologue of human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T3, designated GalNAc-T6. Evidence for genetic but not functional redundancy, J Biol Chem 274, 25362-70 (1999).
50. Bennett EP, Hassan H, Hollingsworth MA, Clausen H, A novel human UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. GalNAc-T7, with specificity for partial GalNAc-glycosylated acceptor substrates, FEBS Lett 460, 226-30 (1999).
51. White KE, Lorenz B, Evans WE, Meitinger T, Strom TM, Econs MJ, Molecular cloning of a novel human UDP-Gal NAc:polypeptide N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GalNAc-T8, and analysis as a candidate autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) gene, Gene 246, 347-56 (2000).
52. Toba S, Tenno M, Konishi M, Mikami T, Itoh N, Kurosaka A, Brain-specific expression of a novel human UDP-Gal NAc:polypeptide N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T9), Biochim Biophys Acta 1493, 264-8 (2000).
53. Cheng L-M, Tachibana K, Zhang Y, Guo J-M, Tachibana K, Kameyama A, Wang H, Hiruma T, Iwasaki H, Narimatsu H, Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Human UDP-GalNAc: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, pp-GalNAc-T10, FEBS Lett 531, 115-21 (2002).
54. Schwientek T, Bennett EP, Flores C, Thacker J, Hollmann M, Reis CA, Behrens J, Mandel U, Keck B, Schafer MA, Haselmann K, Zubarev R, Roepstorff P, Burchell JM, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Hollingsworth MA, Clausen H, Functional conservation of subfamilies of putative UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals. One subfamily composed of 1(2)35Aa is essential in Drosophila, J Biol Chem 277, 22623-38 (2002).
55. Guo J-M, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Iwasaki H, Wang H, Kubota T, Tachibana K, Narimatsu H, Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel member of the UDP-GalNAc: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, pp-GalNAc-T12, FEBS Lett 524, 211-8 (2002).
56. Zhang Y, Iwasaki H, Wang H, Kudo T, Kalka TB, Hennet T, Kubota T, Cheng L, Inaba N, Gotoh M, Togayachi A, Guo J, Hisatomi H, Nakajima K, Nishihara S, Nakamura M, Marth JD, Narimatsu H, Cloning and characterization of a new human UDP-N-Acetyl-?-D-galactosamine: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, designated pp-GalNAc-T13, that is specifically expressed in neurons and synthesizes Tn antigen, J Biol Chem 278, 573-84 (2003).
57. Wang H, Tachibana K, Zhang Y, Iwasaki H, Kameyama A, Cheng L, Guo J, Hiruma T, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Kikuchi N, Narimatsu H, Cloning and characterization of a novel UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, pp-GalNAc-T14, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300, 738-44 (2003).
58. Cheng L, Tachibana K, Iwasaki H, Kameyama A, Zhang Y, Kubota T, Hiruma T, Tachibana K, Kudo T, Guo J, Narimatsu H, Characterization of a novel human UDP-GalNAc transferase, pp-GalNAc-T15, FEBS Lett 566, 17-24 (2004).
59. Iwasaki H, Zhang Y, Tachibana K, Gotoh M, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Togayachi A, Kudo T, Kubota T, Narimatsu H, Initiation of O-glycan synthesis in IgA1 hinge region is determined by a single enzyme, UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2; pp-GalNAc-T2, J Biol Chem 278, 5613-21 (2003).
60. Inamori K, Endo T, Ide Y, Fujii S, Gu J, Honke K, Taniguchi N, Molecular cloning and characterization of human GnT-IX, a novel β1,6-N- acetylglucosammyltransferase that is specifically expressed in the brain, J Biol Chem 278, 43102-9 (2003).
61. Inamori K, Endo T, Gu J, Matsuo I, Ito Y, Fujii S, Iwasaki H, Narimatsu H, Miyoshi E, Honke K, Taniguchi N, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IX acts on the GlcNAc β1,2-Man α1-Ser/Thr moiety, forming a 2,6-branched structure in brain O-mannosyl glycan, J Biol Chem 279, 2337-40 (2004).
62. Kaneko M, Alvarez-Manilla G, Kamar M, Lee I, Lee JK, Troupe K, Zhang W, Osawa M, Pierce M, A novel β(1,6)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-VB)(1), FEBS Lett 554, 515-9 (2003).
63. Inaba N, Hiruma T, Togayachi A, Iwasaki H, Wang XH, Furukawa Y, Sumi R, Kudo T, Fujimura K, Iwai T, Gotoh M, Nakamura M, Narimatsu H, A novel I-branching β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase involved in the human blood group I antigen expression, Blood 101, 2870-6 (2003).
64. Ju T, Brewer K, D'Souza A, Cummings RD, Canfield WM, Cloning and expression of human core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase, J Biol Chem 277, 178-86 (2002).
65. Kudo T, Iwai T, Iwasaki H, Hiruma T, Inaba N, Zhang Y, Gotoh M, Togayachi A, Narimatsu H, Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel UDP-Gal: GalNAc?-peptide β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1Gal-T2), an enzyme synthesizing a core 1 structure of O-glycan, J Biol Chem 277, 47724-31 (2002).
66. Ju T, Cummings RD, A unique molecular chaperone Cosmc required for activity of the mammalian core 1 beta 3-galactosyltransferase, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 16613-8 (2002).
67. Mochizuki H, Yoshida K, Gotoh M, Sugioka S, Kikuchi N, Kwon YD, Tawada A, Maeyama K, Inaba N, Hiruma T, Kimata K, Narimatsu H, Characterization of a heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase-5, an enzyme synthesizing a tetrasulfated disaccharide, J Biol Chem 278, 26780-7 (2003).
68. Kamiyama S, Suda T, Ueda R, Suzuki M, Okubo R, Kikuchi N, Chiba Y, Goto S, Toyoda H, Saigo K, Watanabe M, Narimatsu H, Jigami Y, Nishihara S, Molecular cloning and identification of 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate transporter, J Biol Chem 278, 25958-63 (2003).
69. Suda T, Kamiyama S, Suzuki M, Kikuchi N, Nakayama KI, Narimatsu H, Jigami Y, Aoki T, Nishihara S, Molecular cloning and characterization of a human multi-substrate specific nucleotide-sugar transporter homologous to Drosophila fringe connection, J Biol Chem (2004) (in press).