Workplace violence in health care: Recognized but not regulated

Online Journal of Issues in Nursing

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2004, Pages

  McPhaul, Kathleen M ^a   Lipscomb, Jane A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Health care workers; Intervention effectiveness; Mental health; Nurse safety; Nurses; Occupational injury; Occupational safety; OSHA; Violence prevention; Workplace violence

Indexed keywords

ASSAULT; CAREGIVER; COUNSELING; CRIMINAL JUSTICE; EVALUATION; FEASIBILITY STUDY; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH SURVEY; HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; HUMAN; LAW ENFORCEMENT; MEDICAL CARE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; NURSE; NURSE PATIENT RELATIONSHIP; NURSING HOME; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY; OFFENDER; PATIENT; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL HARASSMENT; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; STATISTICAL MODEL; THREAT; VICTIM; VIOLENCE; WEAPON; WORKPLACE;

EID: 5444263804     PISSN: 10913734     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Arnetz, J.E., & Arnetz, B.B. (2000). Implementation and evaluation of a practical intervention programme for dealing with violence towards health care workers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(3), 668-680.
2. Arnetz, J.E., Arnetz, B.B., & Soderman, E. (1998). Violence toward health care workers: Prevalence and incidence at a large, regional hospital in Sweden. AAOHN Journal,46(3), 107-114.
3. Bensley, L., Nelson, N., Kaufman, J., Silverstein, B., & Kalat, J. (1993). Study of assaults on staff in Washington state hospitals - final report. State of Washington: Department of labor and Industries.
4. Bensley, L., Nelson, N., Kaufman, J., Silverstein, B., Kalat, J., & Walter Shields, J. (1997). Injuries due to assaults on psychiatric hospital employees in Washington state. American Journal of Industrial Medicine,31, 92-99.
5. California Occupational Health and Safety. (1995, March 30). Cal/OSHA guidelines for workplace security. Retrieved September 20, 2004 from the world wide web at http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/dosh%5Fpublications/worksecurity.html
6. Carmel, H., & Hunter, M. (1990). Compliance with training in managing assaultive behavior and injuries from inpatient violence. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 41(5).
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NIOSH. (1996a). Current intelligence bulletin 57: Violence in the workplace, 2004, retrieved from the world wide web at: www.cdc.gov/niosh/violence.html
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NIOSH. (1996b). Violence in the workplace - Risk factors and prevention strategies, retrieved from the world wide web at: www.cdc.gov/niosh/violcont.html
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NIOSH. (2001). The national occupational research agenda. CDC: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NIOSH (2002). The changing organization of work and the safety and health of working people - Knowledge gaps and research directions (No. DHHS (NIOSH) 2002-116): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control,
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NIOSH. (2002). Violence: Occupational hazards in hospitals (No. 2002-101): CDC: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
12. Cooper, C. L., & Swanson, N. (2002). Workplace violence in the health sector: State of the art. International Labour Organization.
13. Drummond, D., Sparr, L.F., & Gordon, G.H. (1989). Hospital violence reduction among high-risk patients. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 261(17).
14. Duhart, D.T. (2001). Violence in the workplace, 1993-99 (No. December 2001, NCJ 190076). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
15. Duncan, S., Estabrooks, C.A., & Reimer, M. (2000). Violence against nurses. Alta RN, 56(2), 13-14.
16. Fein, J. A., Ginsburg, K. R., McGrath, M. E., Shofer, F. S., Flamma, J. C., & Datner, E. M. (2000). Violence prevention in the emergency department: clinician attitudes and limitations. Archives Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154(5), 495-498.
17. Flannery, R.B., Hanson, M.A., & Penk, W.E. (1994). Risk factors for psychiatric inpatient assaults on staff. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 21(1), 24-31.
18. Gates, D.M., Fitzwater, E., & Meyer, U. (1999). Violence against caregivers in nursing homes. Expected, tolerated, and accepted. Journal of Gerontological Nursing ,25(4), 12-22.
19. Geiger-Brown, J., Muntaner, C., Lipscomb, J., & McPhaul, K. (2003). Violence toward nurse aides in nursing homes: Effects on mental health. Journal of Healthcare Safety 1(2), 31-36.
20. Haddon, W. (1974). Strategy in preventive medicine: passive vs. active approaches to reducing human wastage. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 14(4):353-4r.
21. Haddon, W. (1972). A logical framework for categorizing highway safety phenomena and activity. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 12(3):193-207.
22. Hesketh, K., Duncan, S., Estabrooks, C. A., Reimer, M., Giovannetti, P., Hyndman, K., et al. (2003). Workplace violence in Alberta and British Columbia hospitals. Health Policy, 63, 311-321.
23. Hillbrand, M., Foster, H.G., & Spitz, R. (1996). Characteristics and costs of staff injuries in a forensic hospital. Psychiatric Services, 47(10).
24. Huang, G., Feuerstein, M., & Sauter, S.L. (2002). Occupational stress and work-related upper extremity disorders: Concepts and models. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 41, 298-314.
25. International Council of Nurses. (2000). Position statement: Abuse and violence against nursing personnel, retrieved from the world wide web at: www.icn.ch/psviolence00.htm
26. JCAHO, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. (2002). Health Care at the Crossroads Strategies for Addressing the Evolving Nursing Crisis.
27. Kingma, M. (2001). Workplace violence in the health sector: a problem of epidemic proportion. International Nursing Review, 48(3), 129-130.
28. Lehmann, L., Padilla, M., Clark, S., & Loucks, S. (1983). Training personnel in the prevention and management of violent behavior. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 34(1), 40-43.
29. Lion, J., Snyder, W., & Merrill, G. (1981). Underreporting of assaults on staff in a state hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 32(7), 497-498.
30. Lipscomb, J. (2000). Preventing assault related injury survey, Unpublished.
31. Lipscomb, J., & Borwegan, B. (2000). Chapter 43. Healthcare workers. In B. Levy & D. Wegman (Eds.), Occupational health recognizing and preventing work-related disease and injury (4th ed.). pp.767-778. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.
32. Lipscomb, J., & Love, C. (1992). Violence toward health care workers - An emerging occupational hazard. AAOHN Journal, 40(5), 219-228.
33. Lipscomb, J., Silverstein, B., Slavin, T. J., Cody, E., & Jenkins, L. (2002). Perspectives on legal strategies to prevent workplace violence. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 30 (3 Suppl), 166-172.
34. Lipscomb, J. McPhaul, K, Soeken, K. Geiger-Brown, J, Choi, M. (2003). Workplace violence prevention in the mental health setting. National Occupational Injury Research Symposium, March 20-22, 2003. Available: www2a.cdc.gov/noirs/pdfs/NOIRS2003FinalAbstracts.pdf
35. Love, C. C., & Hunter, M. E. (1996). Violence in public sector psychiatric hospitals. Benchmarking nursing staff injury rates. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 34(5), 30-34.
36. Love, C. C., & Morrison, E. (2003). American Academy of Nursing expert panel on violence policy recommendations on workplace violence (Adopted 2002). Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24, 599-604.
37. Lusk, S. L. (1992). Violence experienced by nurses' aides in nursing homes: an exploratory study. AAOHN Journal, 40(5), 237-241.
38. Maryland Healthcare Commission. (2001). Working paper: Future need for home health in Maryland. Baltimore, MD: Maryland Healthcare Commission.
39. May, D., & Grubbs, L. (2002). The extent, nature, and precipitating factors of nurse assault among three groups of registered nurses in a regional medical center. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 28(1) 11-17.
40. McCall, B. P., & Horwitz, I. B. (2004). Workplace violence in Oregon: An analysis using workers' compensation claims from 1990-1997. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(4), 357-366.
41. McGovern, P., Kochevar, L., Lohman, W., Zaidman, B., Gerberich, S. G., Nyman, J., et al. (2000). The cost of work-related physical assaults in Minnesota. Health Service Research, 35(3), 663-686.
42. McPhaul, K., & Lipscomb, J. (2003). Conceptual and methodological issues in measurement of work organization and workplace violence. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association/ NIOSH Workplace Stress Conference, Toronto.
43. Menckel, E., & Viitasra, E. (2002). Threats and violence in Swedish care and welfare-magnitude of the problem and impact on municipal personnel. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 16, 376-385.
44. Nelson A., Lloyd J.D., Menzel, N. & Gross, C. (2003) Preventing nursing back injuries: redesigning patient handling tasks. AAOHN Journal. 51(3):126-34.
45. Page, A., & Committee on the Work Environment for Nurses and Patient Safety. (2004). Keeping patients safe: Transforming the work environment of nurses. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine.
46. Presley, D., & Robinson, G. (2002). Violence in the emergency department: Nurses contend with prevention in the healthcare arena. Nursing Clinics of North America.37(1) 161-9.
47. Robson, L. S., Shannon, H. S., Goldenhar, L. M., & Hale, A. R. (2001). Guide to evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for preventing work injuries: How to show whether a safety intervention really works (No. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-119): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
48. Rosen, J. (1999). A joint labor/management experience in implementing OSHA's violence prevention guidelines in the NYS Office of Mental Health. In Handbook of Modern Hospital Safety. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
49. Runyan, C.W., Zakocs, R.C., & Zwerling, C. (2000). Administrative and behavioral interventions for workplace violence prevention. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18(4 Suppl), 116-127.
50. Schulte, J., Nolt, B., Williams, R. L., Spinks, C. L., & Hellsten, J. J. (1998). Violence and threats of violence experienced by public health field-workers. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(5), 439-442.
51. Toscano, G., & Jack, T. (1996). Occupational injury fatalities - 1994. Statistical Bulletin / Metropolitan Insurance Companies, 77(2), 12-22.
52. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2001). Survey of occupational injuries and illnesses, 2000. Available: www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/osh/ os/osnmr0013.pdf
53. U.S. Department of Labor & Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1996). Guidelines for preventing workplace violence for healthcare and social service workers. (No. OSHA 3148). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor & Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
54. U.S. Department of Labor & Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1997). Elements of a violence prevention program for healthcare workers. Journal of Healthcare Protection Management,13 (2), 60-75.
55. U.S. Department of Labor, & Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2004). Guidelines for preventing workplace violence for healthcare and social service workers (No. OSHA 3148-01R). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor & Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
56. UIIPRC (2001). Workplace violence - A report to the nation. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa.
57. Warchol, G. (1998). Workplace violence, 1992-96 (No. July 1998, NCJ 168634). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
58. Winstanley, S., & Whittington, R. (2004). Aggression towards health care staff in a UK general hospital: variation among professions and departments. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13, 3-10.
59. Worthington, K. (1993). Taking action against violence in the workplace. American Nurse, 25(6), 12-13.
60. Worthington, K., & Franklin, P. (2001). Workplace violence: What to do if you are assaulted. American Journal of Nursing, 101(4), 73.