Treatment delay in the early course of schizophrenia and the duration of untreated psychosis

Psychiatric Annals

Volumn 38, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 504-511

  Compton, Michael T ^a   Goulding, Sandra M ^a   Broussard, Beth ^a   Trotman, Hanan ^b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 54149115484     PISSN: 00485713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20080801-03     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Waddington JL, Youssef HA, Kinsella A. Sequential cross-sectional and 10-year prospective study of severe negative symptoms in relation to duration of initially untreated psychosis in chronic schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 1995;25(4):849-857.
2. Sheitman BB, Lieberman JA. The natural history and pathophysiology of treatment resistant schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 1998;32(3-4):143-150.
3. Norman RM, Townsend L, Malla AK. Duration of untreated psychosis and cognitive functioning in first-episode patients. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;179:340-345.
4. Compton MT, Carter T, Bergner E, et al. Defining, operationalizing and measuring the duration of untreated psychosis: advances, limitations and future directions. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2007;1:236-250.
5. Häfner H, Hambrecht M, Löffler W, Munk-Jørgensen P, Riecher-Rössler A. Is schizophrenia a disorder of all ages? A comparison of first episode and early course across the life-cycle. Psychol Med. 1998;28(2):351-365.
6. McGorry PD, Yung AR, Phillips LJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of progression to first-episode psychosis in a clinical sample with subthreshold symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(10):921-928.
7. Morrison AP, French P, Walford L, et al. Cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultra-high risk: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185:291-297.
8. McGlashan TH, Zipursky RB, Perkins D, et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus placebo in patients prodromally symptomatic for psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(5):790-799.
9. Hook EW III, Richey CM, Leone P, et al. Delayed presentation to clinics for sexually transmitted diseases by symptomatic patients: a potential contributor to continuing STD morbidity. Sex Transm Dis. 1997;24(8):443-448.
10. Samet JM, Hunt WC, Lerchen ML, Goodwin JS. Delay in seeking care for cancer symptoms: a population-based study of elderly New Mexicans. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988;80(6):432-438.
11. Dracup K, Moser DK, Eisenberg M, Meischke H, Alonzo AA, Braslow AA. Causes of delay in seeking treatment for heart attack symptoms. Soc Sci Med. 1995;40(3):379-392.
12. Schnurr C, Pippan M, Stuetzer H, Delanck KS, Michael JW, Eysel P. Treatment delay of bone tumours, compilation of a sociodemographic risk profile: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer. 2008;8:22-31.
13. Gorin SS, Heck JE, Cheng B, Smith SJ. Delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment by racial/ethnic group. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(20):2244-2252.
14. Wang J, Liu F, Gao H, et al. The symptom to treatment delay and stage at the time of treatment in cancer of esophagus, Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2008;38(2):87-91.
15. Kisely S, Scott A, Denney J, Simon G. Duration of untreated symptoms in common mental disorders: association with outcomes. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:79-80.
16. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1996.
17. McGlashan TH. Duration of untreated psychosis in first-episode schizophrenia: marker or determinant of course? Biol Psychiatry. 1999;46(7):899-907.
18. Norman RMG, Malla AK. Duration of untreated psychosis: a critical examination of the concept and its importance. Psychol Med. 2001;31(3):381-400.
19. Bechard-Evans L, Schmitz N, Abadi S, Joober R, King S, Malla A. Determinants of help-seeking and system related components of delay in the treatment of first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2007;96(1-3):206- 214.
20. Murphy BP, Stuart AH, McGorry PD. Duration of untreated negative symptoms and duration of active negative symptoms: proof of concepts. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2008;2:27-33.
21. Addington J, Van Mastrigt S, Addington D. Duration of untreated psychosis: impact on 2-year outcome. Psychol Med. 2004;34(2):277-284.
22. Norman RMG, Malla AK, Manchanda R, et al. Does treatment delay predict occupational functioning in first-episode psychosis? Schizophr Res. 2007;91(1-3):259-262.
23. Melle I, Larsen TK, Haahr U, et al. Prevention of negative symptom psychopathologies in first-episode schizophrenia: two-year effects of reducing the duration of untreated psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(6):634-640.
24. Marshall M, Lewis S, Lockwood A, et al. Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients: a systematic review. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(9):975-983.
25. Perkins DO, Gu H, Boteva K, Lieberman JA. Relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a critical review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(10):1785-1804.
26. Vaglum P. Early detection and intervention in schizophrenia: unsolved questions. Schizophr Bull. 1996;22(2):347-351.
27. Melle I, Larsen TK, Haahr U, et al. Reducing the duration of untreated first-episode psychosis: effects on clinical presentation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(2):143-150.
28. McGorry PD, Edwards J, Mihalopoulos C, Harrigan SM, Jackson HJ. EPPIC: an evolving system of early detection and optimal management. Schizophr Bull. 1996;22(2):305-326.
29. Jablensky A. Prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: implications for prevention. Austr N Z J Psychiatry. 2000;34(Suppl.):S26-S34.
30. Harrigan SM, McGorry PD, Krstev H. Does treatment delay in first-episode psychosis really matter? Psychol Med. 2003;33(1):97-110.
31. Phillips L, Yung AR, Hearn N, McFarlane C, Hallgren M, McGorry PD. Preventative mental health care: accessing the target population. Austr N Z J Psychiatry. 1999;33(6):912-917.
32. Drake RJ, Haley CJ, Akhtar S, et al. Causes and consequences of duration of untreated psychosis in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;177:511-515.
33. Johannessen JO, Larsen TK, McGlashan T. Duration of untreated psychosis: an important target for intervention in schizophrenia? Nord J Psychiatry. 1999;53:275-283.
34. Møller P. First-episode schizophrenia: do grandiosity, disorganization, and acute initial development reduce duration of untreated psychosis? An exploratory naturalistic case study. Compr Psychiatry. 2000;41(3):184-190.
35. Møller P. Duration of untreated psychosis: are we ignoring the mode of initial development? An extensive naturalistic case study of phenomenal continuity in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychopathology. 2001;34(1):8-14.
36. Goulding SM, Leiner AS, Thompson NJ, Weiss PS, Kaslow NJ, Compton MT. Family strengths: a potential determinant of the duration of untreated psychosis among hospitalized African-American first-episode patients. Early Int Psychiatry. 2008;2:147-153.
37. Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Johnson AL, MacMillan JF. The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia: I. Presentation of the illness and problems relating to admission. Br J Psychiatry. 1986;148:115-120.
38. Rabinowitz J, Bromet EJ, Lavelle J, Severence KG, Zariello SL, Rosen B. Relationship between type of insurance and care during the early course of psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(10):1392-1397.
39. Morgan C, Abdul-Al R, Lappin JM, et al. Clinical and social determinants of duration of untreated psychosis in the ÆSOP first-episode psychosis study. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:446-452.
40. Compton MT, Esterberg ML, Druss BG, Walker EF, Kaslow NJ. A descriptive study of pathways to care among hospitalized urban African American first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum patients. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006;41(7):566-573.
41. Bergner E, Leiner AS, Carter T, et al. The period of untreated psychosis before treatment initiation: a qualitative study of family members' perspectives. Compr Psychiatry. 2008. In press.
42. Chien VH, Compton MT. In what ways does mode of onset (sudden/ precipitous, subacute, or gradual/insidious) impact pathways to care in young adults with first-episode nonaffective psychosis? Early Interv Psychiatry. 2008;2:73-79.
43. Compton MT, Broussard B. Conceptualizing the multi-faceted determinants of the duration of untreated psychosis. Submitted.
44. Compton MT, Chien VH, Leiner AS, Goulding SM, Weiss PS. Mode of onset of psychosis and family involvement in help-seeking as determinants of duration of untreated psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. July 5, 2008.
45. Loebel AD, Lieberman JA, Alvir JM, Mayerhoff DI, Geisler SH, Szymanski SR. Duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149(9):1183-1188.
46. Larsen TK, Moe LC, Vibe-Hansen L, Johannessen JO. Premorbid functioning versus duration of untreated psychosis in 1 year outcome in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2000;45(1-2):1-9.
47. Larsen TK, McGlashan TH, Johannessen JO, et al. Shortened duration of untreated first episode of psychosis: changes in patient characteristics at treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(11):1917-1919.
48. Malla A, Norman R, Manchanda R, et al. One year outcome in first episode psychosis: influence of DUP and other predictors. Schizophr Res. 2002;54(3):231-242.
49. Malla AK, Norman RMG, McLean TS, et al. Determinants of quality of life in first episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;109(1):46-54.
50. Terkelsen KG, Menikoff A. Measuring the costs of schizophrenia: implications for the post-institutional era in the U.S. Pharmacoeconomics. 1995;8(3):199-222.
51. Mueser KT, McGurk SR. Schizophrenia. Lancet. 2004;363(9426):2063- 2072.
52. Crow TJ, MacMillan JF, Johnson AL, Johnstone EC. The Northwick Park Study of first episodes of schizophrenia II. A randomized controlled trial of prophylactic neuroleptic treatment. Br J Psychiatry. 1986;148:120-127.
53. Erickson DH, Beiser M, Iacono WG, Fleming JAE, Lin TY. The role of social relationships in the course of first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146(11):1456-1461.
54. Aguilar EJ, Haas G, Manzanera FJ, et al. Hopelessness and first episode psychosis: a longitudinal study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997;96(1):25-30.
55. Malla AM, Norman RM. Treating psychosis: is there more to early intervention than intervening early? Can J Psychiatry. 2001;46(7):645-648.
56. McGorry PD. Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre. Australas Psychiatry. 1993;1:32-34.
57. Johannessen JO, McGlashan TH, Larsen TK, et al. Early detection strategies for untreated first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2001;51(1):39-46.
58. Malla A, Norman R, Scholten D, Manchanda R, McLean T. A community intervention for early identification of first episode psychosis: impact on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and patient characteristics. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005;40(5):337 344.
59. Edwards J, Maude D, McGorry PD, Harrigan SM, Cocks JT. Prolonged recovery in first-episode psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172(33);107-116.
60. Edwards J, McGorry P. Implementing Early Intervention in Psychosis: A Guide to Establishing Early Psychosis Services. London: Martin Dunitz; 2002.
61. Johannessen JO, Larsen TK, McGlashan T, et al. Early intervention in psychosis: the TIPS project, a multicenter study in Scandinavia. In: Psychosis: Psychological Approaches and their Effectiveness. Martindale B, Bateman A, Crowe M, Margison F. London: Gaskell; 2000:210-234.
62. Joa I, Johannessen JO, Auestad B, et al. The key to reducing duration of untreated first psychosis: information campaigns. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34(3):466-472.
63. Norman R, Malla A, Verdi M, Hassall L, Fazekas C. Understanding delay in treatment for first episode psychosis. Psychol Med. 2004;34(2):255-266.