Lactate fuels the human brain during exercise

FASEB Journal

Volumn 22, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 3443-3449

  Quistorff, Bjørn ^a   Secher, Niels H ^a,b   Van Lieshout, Johannes J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; BETA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; GLUCOSE; LACTIC ACID; OXYGEN;

ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN METABOLISM; EXERCISE; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; HUMAN; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; OXIDATION; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR BLOCKING; REST; REVIEW; STRESS; TRANSPORT KINETICS; ANAEROBIC GROWTH; BRAIN; METABOLISM;

ANAEROBIOSIS; BRAIN; EXERCISE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; LACTIC ACID; OXYGEN;

EID: 54049143854     PISSN: 08926638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-106104     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Fox, P. T., and Raichle, M. E. (1986) Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 1140-1144
2. Ide, K., Horn, A., and Secher, N. H. (1999) Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 87, 1604-1608
3. Madsen, P. L., and Secher, N. H. (1999) Near-infrared oximetry of the brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 58, 541-560
4. Van Lieshout, J. J., Wieling, W., Karemaker, J. M., and Secher, N. H. (2003) Syncope, cerebral perfusion, and oxygenation. J. Appl. Physiol. 94, 833-848
5. Gonzalez-Alonso, J., Dalsgaard, M. K., Osada, T., Volianitis, S., Dawson, E. A., Yoshiga, C. C., and Secher, N. H. (2004) Brain and central hemodynamics and oxygenation during maximal exercise in humans. J. Physiol. 557, 331-342
6. Secher, N. H., Seifert, T., and Van Lieshout, J. J. (2008) Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise, implications for fatigue. J. Appl. Physiol. 104, 306-314
7. Astrand, P. O., Cuddy, T. E., Saltin, B., and Stenberg, J. (1964) Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal work. J. Appl. Physiol. 19, 268-274
8. Secher, N. H., Clausen, J. P., Klausen, K., Noer, I., and Trap-Jensen, J. (1977) Central and regional circulatory effects of adding arm exercise to leg exercise. Acta Physiol. Scand. 100, 288-297
9. 2 uptake in human brain during recovery from maximal exercise. J. Physiol. 522(Pt. 1), 159-164
10. Cori, F. C. (1931) Mammalian carbohydrate metabolism. Physiol. Rev. 11, 143-275
11. Volianitis, S., Fabricius-Bjerre, A., Overgaard, A., Stromstad, M., Bjarrum, M., Carlson, C., Petersen, N. T., Rasmussen, P., Secher, N. H., and Nielsen, H. B. (2008) The cerebral metabolic ratio is not affected by oxygen availability during maximal exercise in humans. J. Physiol. 586, 107-112
12. Schurr, A. (2008) Lactate: a major and crucial player in normal function of both muscle and brain. J. Physiol. 586(Pt. 11), 2665-2666
13. Dalsgaard, M. K., Ott, P., Dela, F., Juul, A., Pedersen, B. K., Warberg, J., Fahrenkrug, J., and Secher, N. H. (2004) The CSF and arterial to internal jugular venous hormonal differences during exercise in humans. Exp. Physiol. 89, 271-277
14. Dalsgaard, M. K., Quistorff, B., Danielsen, E. R., Selmer, C., Vogelsang, T., and Secher, N. H. (2004) A reduced cerebral metabolic ratio in exercise reflects metabolism and not accumulation of lactate within the human brain. J. Physiol. 554, 571-578
15. Steensberg, A., Dalsgaard, M. K., Secher, N. H., and Pedersen, B. K. (2006) Cerebrospinal fluid IL-6, HSP72, and TNF-α in exercising humans. Brain Behav. Immun. 20, 585-589
16. Madsen, P. L., Cruz, N. F., Sokoloff, L., and Dienel, G. A. (1999) Cerebral oxygen/glucose ratio is low during sensory stimulation and rises above normal during recovery: excess glucose consumption during stimulation is not accounted for by lactate efflux from or accumulation in brain tissue. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19, 393-400
17. Rasmussen, P., van Hall, G., Gam, C., Jans, O., Zaar, M., Secher, N. H., Quistorff, B., and Nielsen, H. B. (2008) Human brain is oxidizing substantial quantities of lactate under basal and hyperlactatemic conditions. FASEB J. 22, lb96
18. Dienel, G. A. (2004) Lactate muscles its way into consciousness: fueling brain activation. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287, R519-R521
19. Pellerin, L. (2005) How astrocytes feed hungry neurons. Mol. Neurobiol. 32, 59-72
20. Vannucci, S. J., Maher, F., and Simpson, I. A. (1997) Glucose transporter proteins in brain: delivery of glucose to neurons and glia. Glia 21, 2-21
21. Simpson, I. A., Carruthers, A., and Vannucci, S. J. (2007) Supply and demand in cerebral energy metabolism: the role of nutrient transporters. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 27, 1766-1791
22. Lambert, G. W., Kaye, D. M., Thompson, J. M., Turner, A. G., Ferrier, C., Cox, H. S., Vaz, M., Wilkinson, D., Meredith, I. T., Jennings, G. L., and Esler, M. D. (1998) Catecholamine metabolites in internal jugular plasma: a window into the human brain. Adv. Pharmacol. 42, 364-366
23. Pere, P., Hockerstedt, K., Isoniemi, H., and Lindgren, L. (2000) Cerebral blood flow and oxygenation in liver transplantation for acute or chronic hepatic disease without venovenous bypass. Liver Transpl. 6, 471-479
24. Brooks, G. A. (2000) Intra- and extra-cellular lactate shuttles. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 32, 790-799
25. Nielsen, H. B., Clemmesen, J. O., Skak, C., Ott, P., and Secher, N. H. (2002) Attenuated hepatosplanchnic uptake of lactate during intense exercise in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 92, 1677-1683
26. Nielsen, H. B., Febbraio, M. A., Ott, P., Krustrup, P., and Secher, N. H. (2007) Hepatic lactate uptake versus leg lactate output during exercise in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 103, 1227-1233
27. Jørgensen, L. G., Perko, M., Hanel, B., Schroeder, T. V., and Secher, N. H. (1992) Middle cerebral artery flow velocity and blood flow during exercise and muscle ischemia in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 72, 1123-1132
28. Jørgensen, L. G., Perko, G., and Secher, N. H. (1992) Regional cerebral artery mean flow velocity and blood flow during dynamic exercise in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 73, 1825-1830
29. Hellstrøm, G., Fischer-Colbrie, W., Wahlgren, N. G., and Jøgestrand, T. (1996) Carotid artery blood flow and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity during physical exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 81, 413-418
30. Barros, L. F., Bittner, C. X., Loaiza, A., and Porras, O. H. (2007) A quantitative overview of glucose dynamics in the gliovascular unit. Glia 55, 1222-1237
31. Gjedde, A., Hansen, A. J., and Quistorff, B. (1981) Blood-brain glucose transfer in spreading depression. J. Neurochem. 37, 807-812
32. Dalsgaard, M. K., Ogoh, S., Dawson, E. A., Yoshiga, C. C., Quistorff, B., and Secher, N. H. (2004) Cerebral carbohydrate cost of physical exertion in humans. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287, 534-540
33. Karlsson, J., and Saltin, B. (1971) Diet, muscle glycogen, and endurance performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 31, 203-206
34. Nybo, L., Secher, N. H., and Nielsen, B. (2002) Inadequate heat release from the human brain during prolonged exercise with hyperthermia. J. Physiol. 545, 697-704
35. 2 supplementation. Am. J. Physiol. 277, H1045-H1052
36. Mintun, M. A., Vlassenko, A. G., Rundle, M. M., and Raichle, M. E. (2004) Increased lactate/pyruvate ratio augments blood flow in physiologically activated human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101, 659-664
37. mean and the arterial lactate-to-pyruvate ratio correlate during rhythmic handgrip. J. Appl. Physiol. 101, 1406-1411
38. Kemppainen, J., Aalto, S., Fujimoto, T., Kalliokoski, K. K., Langsjo, J., Oikonen, V., Rinne, J., Nuutila, P., and Knuuti, J. (2005) High intensity exercise decreases global brain glucose uptake in humans. J. Physiol. 568, 323-332
39. Hasselbalch, S. G., Madsen, P. L., Hageman, L. P., Olsen, K. S., Justesen, N., Holm, S., and Paulson, O. B. (1996) Changes in cerebral blood flow and carbohydrate metabolism during acute hyperketonemia. Am. J. Physiol. 270, E746-E751
40. Dalsgaard, M. K., Madsen, F. F., Secher, N. H., Laursen, H., and Quistorff, B. (2007) High glycogen levels in the hippocampus of patients with epilepsy. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 27, 1137-1141
41. Greenhaff, P. L., Bodin, K., Soderlund, K., and Hultman, E. (1994) Effect of oral creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis. Am. J. Physiol. 266, E725-E730
42. Shearer, J., Marchand, I., Sathasivam, P., Tarnopolsky, M. A., and Graham, T. E. (2000) Glycogenin activity in human skeletal muscle is proportional to muscle glycogen concentration. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278, E177-E180
43. Keller, C., Steensberg, A., Pilegaard, H., Osada, T., Saltin, B., Pedersen, B. K., and Neufer, P. D. (2001) Transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene in human contracting skeletal muscle: influence of muscle glycogen content. FASEB J. 15, 2748-2750
44. Siesjo, B. K. (1982) Lactic acidosis in the brain: occurrence, triggering mechanisms and pathophysiological importance. Ciba Found. Symp. 87, 77-100
45. Gardiner, M., Smith, M. L., Kagstrom, E., Shohami, E., and Siesjo, B. K. (1982) Influence of blood glucose concentration on brain lactate accumulation during severe hypoxia and subsequent recovery of brain energy metabolism. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2, 429-438
46. Norberg, K., Quistorff, B., and Siesjo, B. K. (1975) Effects of hypoxia of 10-45 seconds duration on energy metabolism in the cerebral cortex of unanesthetized and anesthetized rats. Acta Physiol. Scand. 95, 301-310
47. Feddersen, K., Aren, C., Nilsson, N. J., and Rådegran, K. (1986) Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass with special reference to effects of hypotension induced by prostacyclin. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 41, 395-400
48. Nybo, L., Dalsgaard, M. K., Steensberg, A., Moller, K., and Secher, N. H. (2005) Cerebral ammonia uptake and accumulation during prolonged exercise in humans. J. Physiol. 563, 285-290
49. Larsen, T.S., Rasmussen, P., Overgaard, M., Secher, N. H., and Nielsen, H. B. (2008) Non-selective β-adrenergic blockade prevents reduction of the cerebral metabolic ratio during exhaustive exercise in humans. J. Physiol. 581.11, 2807-2815
50. Lambert, G. W., Vaz, M., Rajkumar, C., Cox, H. S., Turner, A. G., Jennings, G. L., and Esler, M. D. (1996) Cerebral metabolism and its relationship with sympathetic nervous activity in essential hypertension: evaluation of the Dickinson hypothesis. J. Hypertens. 14, 951-959
51. Nybo, L., Nielsen, B., Pedersen, B. K., Moller, K., and Secher, N. H. (2002) Interleukin-6 release from the human brain during prolonged exercise. J. Physiol. 542, 991-995
52. Fox, P. T., Raichle, M. E., Mintun, M. A., and Dence, C. (1988) Nonoxidative glucose consumption during focal physiologic neural activity. Science 241, 462-464
53. 2/ carbohydrate uptake ratio in humans. J. Physiol. 540, 681-689