Fault reactivation and pseudotachylite generation in the semi-brittle and brittle regimes: Examples from the Gavilgarh-Tan Shear Zone, central India

Geological Magazine

Volumn 145, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 766-777

  Chattopadhyay, A ^a   Khasdeo, L ^a   Holdsworth, R E ^b   Smith, S A F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELHI   (India)

^b DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Brittle plastic transition; Central India; Fault reactivation; Mylonite; Pseudotachylite

Indexed keywords

PLASTIC DEFORMATION; SEISMOLOGY; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION; CENTRAL INDIA; FAULT REACTIVATION; MYLONITES; PSEUDOTACHYLITE;

PLATINUM COMPOUNDS;

BRITTLE DEFORMATION; DISPLACEMENT; FOLDING; GRANITOID; GREENSCHIST FACIES; HOST ROCK; MYLONITE; PROTEROZOIC; PSEUDOTACHYLITE; SHEAR ZONE; UPPER CRUST;

ASIA; EURASIA; INDIA; SOUTH ASIA;

EID: 54049125403     PISSN: 00167568     EISSN: 14695081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756808005074     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. ACHARYYA, S. K. & ROY, A. 2000. Tectonothermal history of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone and reactivation of major faults and shear zones. Journal of the Geological Society of India 55, 239-56.
2. ALLEN, A. R. 1979. Mechanism of frictional fusion in fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology 1, 231-43.
3. ALLEN, J. L. 2005. A multi-kilometer pseudotachylite system as an exhumed record of earthquake rupture geometry at hypocentral depths (Colorado, USA). Tectonophysics 402, 37-54.
4. BANDYOPADHYAY, B. K., CHATTOPADHYAY, A., KHAN, A. S. & HUIN, A. K. 2001. Assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent: Evidences from the Sakoli and Sausar Belts in central India (Abstract). In Rodinia, Gondwana and Asia (ISGRA, Japan), (eds M. Santosh, S. Bijusekhar & K. P. Shabeer), pp. 569-70. Gondwana Research 4.
5. DI TORO, G., GOLDSBY, D. L. & TULLIS, T. E. 2004. Friction falls towards zero in quartz rock as slip velocity approaches seismic rates. Nature 427, 436-9.
6. DI TORO, G., HIROSE, T., NIELSEN, S., PENNACCHIONI, G. & SHIMAMOTO, T. 2006. Natural and experimental evidence of melt lubrication of faults during earthquakes. Science 311, 647-9.
7. DI TORO, G., NIELSEN, S. & PENNACCHIONI, G. 2005. Earthquake rupture dynamics frozen in exhumed ancient faults. Nature 436 1009-12.
8. DI TORO, G., PENNACCHIONI, G. & TEZA, G. 2005. Can pseudotachylites be used to infer earthquake source parameters? An example of limitation in the study of exhumed faults. Tectonophysics 402, 3-20.
9. FERRÉ, E. C., ALLEN, J. L. & LIN, A. (eds) 2005. Pseudotachylites and seismogenic friction. Tectonophysics 402 1-168.
10. FITZ GERALD, J. D. & STUNITZ, H. 1993. Deformation of granitoids at low metamorphic grade. I: Reactions and grain size reduction. Tectonophysics 221, 269-97.
11. FRANCIS, P. W. 1972. The pseudotachylite problem. Comments on Earth Sciences (Geophysics) 3, 35-53.
12. GAMMOND, J. F. 1983. Displacement features associated with fault zones: A comparison between observed examples and experimental models. Journal of Structural Geology 5, 33-45.
13. GOLANI, P. R., BANDYOPADHYAY, B. K. & GUPTA, A. 2001. Gavilgarh-Tan Shear: A prominent ductile shear zone in central India with multiple reactivation history. Geological Survey of India Special Publication 64, 265-72.
14. GROCOTT, J. 1981. Fracture geometry of pseudotachylite generation zones: A study of shear fractures formed during seismic events. Journal of Structural Geology 3, 169-78.
15. HARRIS, L. B. 1993. Correlation of tectonothermal events between the Central Indian Tectonic Zone and the Albany mobile Belt of western Australia, In Gondwana 8: Assembly, evolution and dispersal (eds R. N. Findley, R. Unrug, M. R. Banks & J. J. Veerers), pp. 165-80. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
16. HOBBS, B. E., ORD, A. & TEYSSIER, C. 1986. Earthquakes in the ductile regime? Pure and Applied Geophysics 142, 309-36.
17. HIRTH, G. & TULLIS, J. 1992. Dislocation creep regimes in quartz aggregate. Journal of Structural Geology 14, 145-59.
18. HOLDSWORTH, R. E. 2004. Weak faults, rotten cores. Science 303, 181-2.
19. HOLDSWORTH, R. E., BUTLER, C. A. & ROBERTS, A. M. 1997. The recognition of reactivation during continental deformation. Journal of the Geological Society, London 154, 73-8.
20. IMBER, J., HOLDSWORTH, R. E. & BUTLER, C. A. 2001. A reappraisal of the Sibson-Scholz fault zone model: The nature of the frictional to viscous ('brittle-ductile') transition along a long-lived, crustal scale fault, Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Tectonics 20, 601-4.
21. KATZ, M. B. & PROMOLY, C. 1979. India and Madagasscar in Gondwanaland based on matching Precambrian lineaments. Nature 279, 312-15.
22. KOCH, N. & MASCH, L. 1992. Formation of Alpine mylonites and pseudotachylites at the base of the Silvretta nappe, Eastern Alps. Tectonophysics 204, 289-306.
23. LEGROS, F, CANTAGREL, J. M. & DEVOUERD, B. 2000. Pseudotachylyte (frictionalite) at the base of the Arequipa volcanic landslide deposit (Peru): Implications for emplacement mechanism. Journal of Geology 180, 601-11.
24. LIN, A., MARUYAMA, T., AARON, S., MICHIBAYASHI, K., CAMACHO, A. & KANO, K. 2005. Propagation of seismic slip from brittle to ductile crust: Evidence from pseudotachylite of the Woodroffe thrust, central Australia. Tectonophysics 402, 21-35.
25. LIN, A., SUN, Z. & YANG, Z. 2003. Multiple generations of pseudotachylyte in the brittle to ductile regimes, Qinling-Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic complex, central China. Island Arc 12(4), 423-35.
26. MADDOCK, R. H. 1983. Melt origin of fault generated pseudotachylites as demonstrated by textures. Geology 11, 105-8.
27. MAGLOUGHLIN, J. F. 1989. The nature and significance of pseudotachylite from the Nason terrane, North Cascade Mountains, Washington. Journal of Structural Geology 11, 907-17.
28. MAGLOUGHLIN, J. F. 1992. Microstructural and chemical changes associated with cataclasis and friction melting at shallow crustal levels, the cataclasite-pseudotachylite connection. Tectonophysics 204, 243-60.
29. MAGLOUGHLIN, J. F. & SPRAY, J. G. 1992. Frictional melting processes and products in geological materials, introduction and discussion. Tectonophysics 204, 197-206.
30. MCKENZIE, D. & BRUNE, J. N. 1972. Melting on fault planes during large earthquakes. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 53, 311-18.
31. McNulTY, B. A. 1995. Pseudotachylite generation in semi-brittle and brittle regimes, Bench Canyon shear zone, central Sierra Nevada. Journal of Structural Geology 17, 1507-21.
32. MELOSH, H. J. 2005. The mechanics of pseudotachylite formation in impact events. In Impact Tectonics (eds C. Koeberl & H. Henkel), pp. 55-80. Impact Studies series 6. Springer-Verlag.
33. PASSCHIER, C. W. 1982. Pseudotachylite and the development of ultramylonite bands in the Saint Barthelemy Massif, French Pyrenees. Journal of Structural Geology 4, 69-79.
34. PHILPOTTS, A. R. 1964. Origin of pseudotachylites. American Journal of Science 262, 1008-35.
35. RADHAKRISHNA, B. P. & NAQVI, S. M. 1986. Precambrian continental crust and its evolution. Journal of Geology 94, 145-66.
36. RAMSAY, J. G. & HUBER, M. I. 1983. The techniques of modern structural geology, vol. 2: Folds and fractures. Academic Press, 700 pp.
37. REIMOLD, W. U. & GIBSON, R. U. 2005. 'Pseudotachylite' in large impact structures. In Impact Tectonics (eds C. Koeberl & H. Henkel), pp. 1-53. Impact Studies series 6. Springer-Verlag.
38. ROGERS, J. J. W. 1996. A history of continents in the past three billion years. Journal of Geology 104, 91-107.
39. ROY, A. & PRASAD, M. H. 2001. Tectonomagmatic history of Tan Shear Zone and its environs, a preliminary study. Geological Survey of India Special Publication 64, 273-87.
40. ROY, A. & PRASAD, M. H. 2003. Tectonothermal events in Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) and its implications in Rodinian crustal assembly. Journal of Asian Earth Science 22, 115-29.
41. SCHOLZ, C. H. 1988. The brittle-plastic transition and the depth of seismic faulting. Geologische Rundschau 77/1, 319-28.
42. SHAND, S. J. 1916. The pseudotachylite of Parijs (Orange Free State). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 72, 198-221.
43. SHERLOCK, S. C., WATTS, L. M., HOLDSWORTH, R. E. & ROBERTS, D. 2004. Dating fault reactivation by Ar/Ar laserprobe: An alternative view of apparently cogenetic mylonite - pseudotachylite assemblages. Journal of the Geological Society, London 161, 335-8.
44. SHIMAMOTO, T. 1989. The origin of S-C mylonites and a new fault zone model. Journal of Structural Geology 11, 51-64.
45. SIBSON, R. H. 1975. Generation of pseudotachylite by ancient seismic faulting. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 43, 775-94.
46. SIBSON, R. H. 1977. Fault rocks and fault mechanisms. Journal of the Geological Society, London 133, 191-213.
47. SIBSON, R. H. 1980. Transient discontinuities in ductile shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology 2, 165-71.
48. SPRAY, J. G. 1987. Artificial generation of pseudotachylite using friction welding apparatus, simulation of melting on a fault plane. Journal of Structural Geology 9, 49-60.
49. SPRAY, J. G. 1995. Pseudotachylite controversy: Fact or friction? Geology 23(12), 1119-22.
50. STIPP, M., STÜNITZ, H., HEILBRONNER, R. & SCHMID, S. M. 2002. The eastern Tonale fault zone: A 'natural laboratory' for crystal plastic deformation of quartz over a temperature range from 250 to 700 °C. Journal of Structural Geology 24, 1861-84.
51. STREHLAU, J. 1986. A discussion of the depth extent of rupture in large continental earthquakes. In Earthquake Source Mechanics (eds S. Das, J. Boatwright & C. Scholz), pp. 131-46. AGU Geophysical Monograph no. 37. Washington, DC.
52. SWANSON, M. T. 1992. Fault structure, wear mechanisms and rupture processes in pseudotachylite generation. Tectonophysics 204, 223-42.
53. TSE, S. & RICE, J. 1986. Crustal earthquake instability in relation to the depth variation of frictional slip properties. Journal of Geophysical Research 91, 9452-72.
54. WENK, H. R. 1978. Are pseudotachylites products of fracture or fusion? Geology 6, 507-11.
55. WENK, H. R. & WEISS, L. E. 1982. Al-rich calcic pyroxene in pseudotachylite, an indicator of high pressure and temperature. Tectonophysics 84, 329-41.
56. WHITE, J. C. 1996. Transient discontinuities revisited: pseudotachylite, plastic instability and the influence of low pore fluid pressure on deformation processes in the mid-crust. Journal of Structural Geology 18, 1471-86.
57. YOSHIDA, M., BINDU, R. S., KAGAMI, H., RAJESHAM, T., SANTOSH, M. & SHIRAHATA, H. 1996. Geochronological constrains of granulite terranes of South Indian and their implication for the Precambrian assembly of Gondwana. Journal of South East Asian Earth Science 14, 137-47.
58. ZECHMEISTER, M. S., FERRE, E. C., COSCA, M. A. & GEISSMAN, J. W. 2007. Slow and fast deformation in the Dora Maira Massif, Italian Alps: Pseudotachylites and inferences on exhumation history. Journal of Structural Geology 29, 1114-30.