Efficacy of iodine-treated biocidal filter media against bacterial spore aerosols

Journal of Applied Microbiology

Volumn 105, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 1318-1326

  Lee, J H ^a   Wu, C Y ^a   Wysocki, K M ^a   Farrah, S ^b   Wander, J ^c  

^a J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bio aerosol; Filtration efficiency; Iodine; Spore; Viability

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; BACTERIOLOGY; BANDPASS FILTERS; DROPS; EFFICIENCY; PRESSURE DROP; ROOM TEMPERATURE;

BACTERIAL SPORE; BIOAEROSOLS; BIOCIDAL; FILTER MEDIUMS; FILTRATION EFFICIENCY; LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES; SPORE; TEMPERATURE-RELATIVE HUMIDITY; VIABILITY;

IODINE;

IODINE;

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; BACTERIUM; DISINFECTION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FILTRATION; IODINE; PESTICIDE; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; PRESSURE DROP; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; REMOVAL EXPERIMENT; RESPIRATION; SPORE; SURVIVAL; VIABILITY;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL SPORE; BIOCIDAL FILTER MEDIUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURE MEDIUM; FILTRATION; HUMIDITY; NONHUMAN; ROOM TEMPERATURE;

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 54049095931     PISSN: 13645072     EISSN: 13652672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03855.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. APHA (1995) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Method 4500 CI G, 19th edn. Washington, DC : American Public Health Association.
2. ATCC (1998) Methods for enhancing Bacillus sp. spore production. Manassas, VA : American Type Culture Collection.
3. Backer, H. Hollowell, J. (2000) Use of iodine for water disinfection: iodine toxicity and maximum recommended dose. Environ Health Perspect 108, 679 684.
4. Barrett, L.W. Rousseau, A.D. (1998) Aerosol loading performance of electret filter media. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 59, 532 539.
5. Cameron, M. (2002) Iodine: Inhalation Hazards, Detection and Protection. Sacramento, CA : California Criminalistics Institute.
6. Cecchini, C., Verdenelli, M.C., Orpianesi, C., Dadea, G.M. Cresci, A. (2004) Effects of antimicrobial treatment on fiberglass acrylic filters. J Appl Microbiol 97, 371 377.
7. Chang, J.C.S., Foarde, K.K. VanOsdell, D.W. (1995) Growth evaluation of fungi (Penicillium and Aspergillus Spp) on ceiling tiles. Atmos Environ 29, 2331 2337.
8. Cox, C.S. Wathes, C.M. (1995) Stability of airborne microbes and allergens. In Bioaerosols Handbook ed. Cox, C.S. pp. 77 99. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press.
9. Di Ionno, L. Messier, P.J. (2004) Iodinated thermal-fused polymer as a biocidal additive to commercial and chemical-resistant coatings. Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 87, 235 308.
10. Ezeonu, I.M., Noble, J.A., Simmons, R.B., Price, D.L., Crow, S.A. Ahearn, D.G. (1994) Effect of relative humidity on fungal colonization of fiberglass insulation. Appl Environ Microbiol 60, 2149 2151.
11. Foarde, K.K., Hanley, J.T. Veeck, A.C. (2000) Efficacy of antimicrobial filter treatments. ASHRAE J 42, 52 58.
12. Gilmour, M.N. Wicksell, E.K. (1972) Bactericidal and sporicidal activity of a quaternary ammonium resin-triiodide complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 22, 417 418.
13. Hach (2003) Iodine Method 8031. Loveland, CO : Hach Company.
14. Hatch, G.L., Lambert, J.L. Fina, L.R. (1980) Some properties of the quaternary ammonium anion exchange resin-triiodide disinfectant for water. I & EC Prod Res Dev 19, 259 263.
15. Hinds, W.C. (1999) Aerosol Technology, 2nd edn. pp. 182 205. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
16. Jankowska, E., Reponen, T., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S.A. Choi, K.J. (2000) Collection of fungal spores on air filters and spore reentrainment from filters into air. J Aerosol Sci 31, 969 978.
17. Kowalski, W.J. Bahnfleth, W. (1998) Airborne respiratory diseases and mechanical systems for control of microbes. HPAC Eng 70, 34 48.
18. Marchin, G.L., Silverstein, J. Brion, G.M. (1997) Effect of microgravity on Escherichia coli and MS-2 bacteriophage disinfection by iodinated resins. Acta Astronautica 40, 65 68.
19. Maus, R., Goppelsroder, A. Umhauer, H. (1997) Viability of bacteria in unused air filter media. Atmos Environ 31, 2305 2310.
20. Maus, R., Goppelsroder, A. Umhauer, H. (2001) Survival of bacterial and mold spores in air filter media. Atmos Environ 35, 105 113.
21. Messier, P.J. (2004) Method and System for Treating Air With an Iodinated Resin. US Patent 6,696,055 B2. San Diego, CA : Safe Life Corp.
22. Moir, A., Corfe, B.M. Behravan, J. (2002) Spore germination. Cell Mol Life Sci 59, 403 409.
23. Munro, L. (2000) Essentials for Microbiology Laboratory. Raleigh, NC : Contemporary Publishing Co.
24. Nicholson, W.L., Munakata, N., Horneck, G., Melosh, H.J. Setlow, P. (2000) Resistance of Bacillus endospores to extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64, 548 572.
25. NIOSH (1995) 42 CFR Part 84 Respiratory Protective Devices. Pittsburgh, PA : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
26. NIOSH (2005) Determination of Particulate Filter Penetration to Test Against Liquid Particulates for Negative Pressure, Air-Purifying Respirators Standard Testing Procedure (STP). Procedure No. RCT-APR-STP-0051, 0052, 0053, 0054, 0055, 0056, Revision 1.1, Pittsburgh, PA : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory.
27. OSHA (1994) Iodine in Workplace Atmosphere (Impregnated Activated Beaded Carbon). Washington, DC : Occupational Safety & Health Administration.
28. OSHA (2000) Safety and Health Topics: Iodine. Washington, DC : Occupational Safety & Health Administration.
29. Popham, D.L., Sengupta, S. Setlow, P. (1995) Heat, hydrogen peroxide, and UV resistance of Bacillus subtilis spores with increased core water content and with or without major DNA binding proteins. Appl Environ Microbiol 61, 3633 3638.
30. Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P. Klein, D.A. (2002) Microbiology. New York : McGraw-Hill.
31. Qian, Y., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S.A. Donnelly, J. (1997) Performance of N95 respirators: re-aerosolization of bacteria and solid particles. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 58, 876 880.
32. Qian, Y.G., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S.A., Donnelly, J. Coffey, C.C. (1998) Performance of N95 respirators: filtration efficiency for airborne microbial and inert particles. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 59, 128 132.
33. Ratnesar Shumate, S., Wu, C.Y., Wander, J., Lundgren, D., Farrah, S., Lee, J.H., Wanakule, P., Blackburn, M. et al. (2008) Evaluation of physical capture efficiency and disinfection capability of an iodinated biocidal filter medium. Aerosol Air Qual Res 8, 1 18.
34. Ricca, E. Cutting, S.M. (2003) Review emerging applications of bacterial spores in nanobiotechnology. J Nanobiotechnol 1, 1 10.
35. Richardson, A.W., Eshbaugh, J.P., Hofacre, K.C. Gardner, P.D. (2006) Respirator Filter Efficiency Against Particulate and Biological Aerosols Under Moderate to High Flow Rates. Report No.: ECBC-CR-085. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD : Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center.
36. Taylor, S.L., Fina, L.R. Lambert, J.L. (1970) New water disinfectant - an insoluble quaternary ammonium resin-triiodide combination that releases bactericide on demand. Appl Microbiol 20, 720 722.
37. Tennen, R., Setlow, B., Davis, K.L., Loshon, C.A. Setlow, P. (2000) Mechanisms of killing of spores of Bacillus subtilis by iodine, glutaraldehyde and nitrous acid. J Appl Microbiol 89, 330 338.
38. Thermo Electron Corporation (2003) Six and Two Stage Viable Samplers: Instruction Manual. Waltham, MA : Thermo Electron Corporation.
39. U.S. Army (1998) Filter Medium, Fire-Resistant, High Efficiency, Military Specification MIL-F-51079D. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD : U.S. Army Armaments Munitions and Chemical Commands.
40. Wang, Z., Reponen, T., Willeke, K. Grinshpun, S.A. (1999) Survival of bacteria on respirator filters. Aerosol Sci Technol 30, 300 308.
41. Wang, Z., Reponen, T., Grinshpun, S.A., Görny, R.L. Willeke, K. (2001) Effect of sampling time and air humidity on the bioefficiency of filter samplers for bioaerosol collection. J Aerosol Sci 32, 661 674.