The annual cycle of carbon dioxide and parameters influencing the air-sea carbon exchange in the Baltic Proper

Journal of Marine Systems

Volumn 74, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 381-394

  Rutgersson, Anna ^a   Norman, Maria ^a   Schneider, Bernd ^b   Pettersson, Heidi ^c   Sahlée, Erik ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR BALTIC SEA RESEARCH   (Germany)

^c FINNISH INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Finland)

Author keywords

Air sea exchange; CO2 exchange; Eddy correlation measurements; Transfer velocity parameterization

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CORRELATION METHODS; SCINTILLATION; SHIPS; SURFACE WATERS; VELOCITY;

AIR-SEA FLUXES; ANNUAL CYCLES; BALTIC SEAS; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES; CALCULATED VALUES; CARBON EXCHANGES; CO2 EXCHANGE; EDDY-CORRELATION MEASUREMENTS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SEA SURFACES; TRANSFER VELOCITIES; TRANSFER VELOCITY PARAMETERIZATION; UP-WELLING; WIND SPEEDS;

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ANNUAL CYCLE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FLUX; GAS EXCHANGE; PARAMETERIZATION;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; BALTIC SEA;

EID: 54049086197     PISSN: 09247963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.02.005     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. 2 saturation in the Gulf of Bothnia: indications of marine net heterotrophy. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 18 (2004) GB4021
2. Bock E.J., Hara T., Frew N.M., and McGillis W.R. Relationship between air-sea gas transfer and short wind waves. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 25821-25831
3. 2. Limnol. Oceanog. 40 (1995) 969-975
4. 2 fluxes on the US Middle Bight. Deep-Sea Res. II 49 (2002) 4355-4367
5. DeGrandpre M.D., Baehr M.M., and Hammar T.R. Calibration-free optical chemical sensors. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 1152-1159
6. 2. In: Varney M. (Ed). Chemical Sensors in Oceanography (2000), Gordon and Breach publ., Amsterdam 123-141
7. Donelan, M.A. and Wanninkhof, R., 2002. Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces - Concepts and Issues. Chapter in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophysical Monograph 127, American Geophysical Union, 1-10.
8. Fairall C.W., Hare J.E., Edson J.B., and McGillis W.R. Measurement and parameterization of air-sea gas transfer. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 96 (2000) 63-105
9. Gattuso J.-P., Frankignoulle M., and Wollast R. Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Ann. Rev. Ecolog. Syst. 29 (1998) 405-434
10. Högström S.E., Drennan W.M., Kahma K.K., Smedman A.-S., Johansson C., Pettersson H., Rutgersson A., Tuomi L., Zhang F., and Johansson M. Momentum fluxes and wind gradients in the marine boundary layer a multi platform study. Boreal Environ. Res. 13 (2008) ISSN 1239-6095
11. IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Parry, Martin L., Canziani, Osvaldo F., Palutikof, Jean P., van der Linden, Paul J., and Hanson, Clair E. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1000 pp.
12. 2 flux over the ocean. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 117 (2005) 511-523
13. Jabaud-Jan A., Metzl N., Brunet C., Poisson A., and Schauer B. Interannual variability of the carbon dioxide system in the southern Indian Ocean (20S60S): the impact of a warm anomaly in austral summer 1998. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 18 (2004) GB1042
14. 2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network. Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (2005), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A.
15. Liss, and Merlivat. Air-sea gas exchange rates: introduction and synthesis. In: Buat-Mnart P. (Ed). The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling (1986), D. Reidel Pu Co 113-127
16. 2Oinfrared gas analysers. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 120 (2006) 65-85
17. 2 exchange in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) C08S02 10.1029/2003JC002256
18. Muller-Karger F.E., Varela R., Thunell R., Luerssen R., Hu C., and Walsh J.J. The importance of continental margins in the global carbon cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett (2005) 10.1029/2004GL021346
19. 2 uptake. Nature 358 (1992) 738-740
20. Rutgersson A., Smedman A.-S., and Omstedt A. Measured and simulated latent and sensible heat fluxes at two marine sites in the Baltic Sea. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 99 (2001) 53-84
21. 2 and water vapour in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor. 126 (2008) 279-295
22. Sahlée E., Smedman A.-S., Högström U., and Rutgersson A. Reevaluation of the bulk exchange coefficient for humidity at sea during unstable and neutral conditions. J. Phys. Ocean. 38 (2008) 257-272
23. 2 and chlorophyll a measurements on a cargo ship. J. Mar. Syst. 59 (2006) 238-248
24. Siegenthaler U., and Sarmiento J.L. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean. Nature 365 (1993) 119-125
25. Smedman A.-S., Högström U., Bergström H., Rutgersson A., Kahma K.K., and Pettersson H. A case study of air-sea interaction during swell conditions. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 25,833-25,851
26. Smedman A.-S., Gryning S.-E., Bumke K., Högström U., Rutgersson A., Batchvarova E., Peters G., Hennemuth B., Tammelin B., Hyvönen R., Omstedt A., Michelson D., Andersson T., and Clemens M. Precipitation and evaporation budgets over the Baltic Proper: observations and modelling. J. Atm. Ocean Sci. 10 (2005) 163-191
27. 2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep Sea Res. 49 (2002) 1601-1622
28. Thomas H., and Schneider B. The seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide in Baltic Sea surface waters. J. Mar. Syst. 22 (1999) 53-67
29. Wanninkhof R. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. (1992) 7373-7382
30. 2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 (1999) 1889-1892
31. 2 resulting from ocean surface temperature gradients. J. Geophys. Res (2004) 10.1029/2003JC001800
32. Webb E.K., Pearman G.I., and Leuning R. Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat water vapor transport. Quart. J Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 106 (1980) 85-100
33. Weiss R.F. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Mar. Chem. 2 (1974) 203-215
34. 2 flux measurements. J. Mar. Syst. 66 (2007) 130-139
35. Zülicke C. Air-sea fluxes including the effect of the molecular skin layer. Deep-Sea Res II 52 (2005) 1220-1245