Review of energy balances and emissions associated with biomass-based transport fuels relevant to the United Kingdom context

Energy and Fuels

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 3506-3512

  Patterson, Tim ^a   Dinsdale, Richard ^a   Esteves, Sandra ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLAMORGAN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE FUELS; ANAEROBIC DIGESTION; BIODIESEL; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; BIOMASS; CARBON MONOXIDE; ENERGY BALANCE; ETHANOL; FUELS; METHANE; RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES;

BIO ETHANOLS; BIOMETHANE; CO-PRODUCTS; EMISSION LEVELS; NUMERICAL EVALUATIONS; TAIL PIPE EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT FUELS; UNITED KINGDOM;

LEAKAGE (FLUID);

EID: 53849098958     PISSN: 08870624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ef800237q     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Energy consumption in the United Kingdom. Department of Trade and Industry (DTi) and National Statistics Office, 2001; www.berr.gov.uk/ energy/statistics/publications/ecuk/page17658.html (accessed on March 11, 2007).
2. Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union, May 2003.
3. Eighth Report of the Select Committee on Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Published by The Stationary Office, www.publications. parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmenvfru/965/96501.htm (accessed on March 11, 2007).
4. Holm-Nielson, J. B.; Madsen, M.; Popiel, P. O. World Bioenergy. 2006 Conference on Biomass for Energy, Jönköping, Sweden, 2006.
5. Hoogwijk, M.; et al. Biomass Bioenergy 2003, 25, 119-133.
6. Bemdes, G.; Hoogwijk, M.; van den Broek, R. Biomass Bioenergy 2003, 25, 1-28.
7. Bauen, A.; Woods J.; Hailes R. Biopowerswitch - A biomass blueprint to meet 15% of OECD electricity demand by 2020. Prepared for WWF International and Aebiom, 2004.
8. DEFRA. Key Facts About: Land Use and Land Cover. Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, www.defra.gov.uk/environment/ statistics/land/download/xls/Idtb01.xls (accessed on Jan 19, 2007).
9. Brown, L. Ethanol could leave the world hungry. Fortune, August, 2006.
10. Ziegler, J. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food to the United Nations Human Rights Council. Jan 10, 2008.
11. Sachs, I. The Biofuels Controversy. In The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2008.
12. DEFRA.U.K.BiomassStrategy,http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/ climatechange/uk/energy/renewablefuel/pdf/ukbiomassstrategy-0507.pdf (accessed on Oct 9, 2007).
13. European biogas production for 2005, http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/ sectors/bioenergy_en.htm (accessed June 11, 2007).
14. BERR. Digest of U.K. Energy Statistics. Annual Table 7.4 Capacity of, and electricity generated from, renewable sources, http:// www.berr.gov.uk/energy/statistics/source/renewables/page18513.html (accessed on Oct 9, 2007).
15. Shapouri, H.; Duffield, J. A.; Wang, M. The energy balance of corn ethanol: An update. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Chief Economist, Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, 2002.
16. Pimentel, D.; Patzek, T. W. Nat. Resour. Res. 2005, 14 (1), 65-76.
17. DEFRA. SFFS Indicators Workbook, Section 1.04 Commodity Yields, http:// statistics.defra.gov.uk/esg/indicators/d104_data.htm (accessed on Jan 19, 2007).
18. ESRU. Biodiesel production including oil and biodiesel yields, www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Webℐtes/02-03/biofuels/ quant_biodiesel.htm (accessed March 28, 2007).
19. Density of Biodiesel, www.biodiesel.org (accessed March 28, 2007).
20. Calais, P.; Simms, R. A comparison of life-cycle emissions of liquid biofuels and liquid and gaseous fossil fuels in the transport sector in Solar 2000, Brisbane, Australia, 2000.
21. Kim, S.; Dale, B. E. Biomass Bioenergy 2004, 26, 361-375.
22. Rosenstrater, K A. Ecology and Society 2005, 11 (1) r2 [online], http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/resp2/ (accessed on Jan 31, 2007).
23. ESRU. Bioethanol production from wheat and sugarbeet, www. esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Webℐtes/02-03/biofuels/quant_bioethanol.htm (accessed on March 28, 2008).
24. Martínez-Pérez, N.; et al. Biomass Bioenergy 2007, 31, 95-104.
25. DTi. Rye grass as an energy crop using biogas technology. 2004; Contract B/CR/00801/00/00, URN 05/1804.
26. Lehtomäki, A.; Björnsson, L. Environ. Technol. 2006, 37, 209-218.
27. Mähnert, P.; Heiermann, M.; Linke, B. Agric. Eng. Int. 2005, 7, EE 05 010.
28. Plöchl, M.; Heiermann, M. Agric. Eng. Int. 2006, 8, 8.
29. U.K. fodder maize yields, www.ukagriculture.com/crops/forageīze.cfm (accessed Jan 19, 2007).
30. Heiermann, M.; Plöchl, M. World Renewable Energy Congress VIII, Denver, Colorado, 2004.
31. Biofuels: Application of biologically derived products as fuels or additives in combustion engines. European Commission, Directorate General XII, Agro Industrial Research Division, 1994.
32. Murphy, J. D.; McCarthy, K. Renewable Energy 2005, 30, 2111-2127.
33. Bossel, U.; Eliasson, B. Energy and the hydrogen economy, 2003, www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/pdfs/hyd_economy_bosselℓiasson.pdf (accessed Feb 2, 2007).
34. NSCA. Biogas as a road transport fuel, 2006; ISBN 978 0 903 47461 1.
35. Enguídanos, M.; et al. Techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production in the EU: A short summary for decision makers. European Commission Joint Research Centre, Report EUR 20279 EN, 2002.
36. Punter, G.; et al. Well to wheel evaluation for production of ethanol from wheat. A report by the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership, U.K. FWG-P-04-024, 2004.
37. Börjesson, P. Energianalys av drivmedel från spannmrial og vall. Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Rapport 54, 2004.
38. Bernesson, S. Life cycle assessment of rape seed oil, rape methyl ester and ethanol as fuels a comparison between large- and small-scale production. Statens energimyndighet, Sverige, 2004.
39. Armstrong, A. P.; et al. Energy and greenhouse gas balance of biofuels for Europe-An update. CONCAWE Report 2/02, 2002.
40. Levy, R. H. Les Biocarburants. A report to the French Government based on figures from the Commission Consultative Pour la Production des Carburants de Substitution in 1991, 1993.
41. DeWulf, J.; et al. Green Chem. 2000, 2, 108-114.
42. Wilkie, A. C.; Riedesel, K. J.; Owens, J. M. Biomass Bioenergy 2000, 19, 63-102.
43. Beer, T.; et al. Life-cycle emissions analysis of alternative fuels for heavy vehicles, 2000.
44. Nylund, N. O.; Lawson, A. Exhaust emissions from natural gas vehicles. In IANGV Technical Committee, 2000, www.apvgn.pt (accessed on June 25, 2007).
45. Niven, R. K. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2005, 9, 535-555.
46. CONCAWE. Well to wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context. Well to wheels Report, Version 2c. In CONCAWE/EUCAR/JRC, http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/WTW (accessed on May 1, 2007).
47. Amon, T.; et al. Bioresour. Technol. 2007, 98, 3204-3212.
48. BERR. U.K. Energy in Brief, http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file39881.pdf (accessed on Aug 30, 2007).
49. Conibeer, G. J.; Richards, B. S. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2007, 32, 2703-2711.
50. Sherif, S. A.; Barbir, F.; Veziroglu, T. N. Sol. Energy 2005, 78, 647-660.
51. Mignard, D.; Pritchard, C. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2007, 32, 5039-5049.
52. Kamer, D.; Francfort, J. Low percentage hydrogen/CNG blend Ford F-150 operating summary. U.S. Department of Energy Freedom CAR and Vehicle Technologies, Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity. Report INEEL/ EXT-03-00008, 2003.
53. Del Toro, A.; et al. Development and demonstration of hydrogen and compressed natural gas (H/CNG) blend transit buses. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Technical Report NREL/TP-540-38707, 2005.
54. Hawkes, F.; et al. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2007, 32, 172-184.
55. Antonopoulou, G.; et al. Bioresour. Technol. 2007, 99 (1), 110-119.
56. Kotsopoulos, T. A.; Zeng, R. J.; Angelidaki, I. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2006, 94 (2), 296-302.
57. Liu, D.; et al. Water Res. 2006, 40, 2230-2236.
58. Japanese research group generates hydrogen from bread waste. Japan for Sustainability, www.japanfs.orgtdb/ database.cgi?mid=dp&num=858&dp=dat≙.html (accessed on May 4, 2007).
59. Oh, S. E.; Logan, B. E. Water Res. 2005, 39, 4673-4682.
60. Thomas, C. E.; et al. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2000, 25, 551-567.
61. Sierens, R.; Verhelst, S. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 2001, 123 (1), 211-216.
62. Bentsen, N. S.; Felby, C.; Ipsen, K. H. Energy balance of 2nd generation bioethanol production in Denmark. The Royal Vetinary and Agricultural University, www.bioethanol.info (accessed on June 25, 2007).