Contribution of unburned lubricating oil and gasoline-derived n-alkanes to particulate emission from non-catalyst and catalyst-equipped two-stroke mopeds operated with synthetic lubricating oil

Journal of Environmental Monitoring

Volumn 10, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 1202-1210

  Spezzano, Pasquale ^a   Picini, Paolo ^b   Cataldi, Dario ^a  

^a ENEA   (Italy)

^b ENEA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKANE DERIVATIVE; ESTER; FUEL OIL; GASOLINE; ION; SOLVENT;

ARTICLE; CAR DRIVING; CATALYST SUPPORT; COMBUSTION; DYNAMOMETER; EXHAUST GAS; EXTRACTION; FILTER; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOTORCYCLE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SAMPLING; TECHNOLOGY; WASTE;

ALKANES; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; GASOLINE; INDUSTRIAL OILS; LUBRICANTS; MOTORCYCLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; TEMPERATURE; VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

EID: 53849085172     PISSN: 14640325     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/b809519a     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. P. S. Pedersen, J. Ingwersen, T. Nielsen and E. Larsen, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1980, 14, 71-79.
2. W. Cartellieri and P. Tritthart, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., 1984, (840418).
3. M. Zinbo, C. E. Hunter, L. M. Skewes and D. Schuetzle, Anal. Sci., 1989, 5, 403-409.
4. H. Lapuerta, J. J. Hernandez, R. Ballesteros and A. Duran, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part D, 2003, 217, 907-919.
5. P. T. Williams, M. K. Abbass, G. E. Andrews and K. D. Bartle, Combust. Flame, 1989, 75, 1-24.
6. C. J. Trier, D. S. Coates, D. E. Fussey and M. M. Rhead, Sci. Total Environ., 1990, 93, 167-174.
7. W. F. Rogge, L. M. Hildemann, M. A. Mazurek, G. R. Cass and B. R. T. Simoneit, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1993, 27, 636-651.
8. H. Sakurai, H. J. Tobias, K. Park, D. Zarling, K. S. Docherty, D. B. Kittelson, P. H. McMurry and P. J. Ziemann, Atmos. Environ., 2003, 37, 1199-1210.
9. B. A. Buchholz, R. W. Dibble, D. A. Rich and S. Cheng, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., 2003, (2003-01-1987).
10. S. Brandenberger, M. Mohr, K. Grob and H. P. Neukom, Atmos. Environ., 2005, 39, 6985-6994.
11. M. Saxena, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., 1997, (972117).
12. Emission Control of Two- and Three-wheel Vehicles, MECA (Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association), Washington DC, 1999.
13. H. H. Yang, L. T. Hsieh, H. C. Liu and H. H. Mi, Atmos. Environ., 2005, 39, 17-25.
14. J. Czerwinski, B. Larsen, G. Martin and A. Mayer, SAE Tech Pap Ser., 2006, (2006-01-1078).
15. D. Etissa, M. Mohr, D. Schreiber and P. A. Buffat, Atmos. Environ., 2008, 42, 183-195.
16. J. Volckens, D. A. Olson and M. D. Hays, Atmos. Environ., 2008, 42, 1239-1248.
17. P. Spezzano, P. Picini and D. Cataldi. Atmos. Environ., submitted.
18. J. Patschull and P. Roth, J. Aerosol Sci., 1995, 26, 979-987.
19. M. Kojima, R. W. Bacon, J. Shah, M. S. Mainkar, M. K. Chaudhari, B. Bhanot, N. V. Iyer, A. Smith and W. D. Atkinson, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., 2002, (2002-01-1681).
20. T. Ålander, E. Antikainen, T. Raunemaa, E. Elonen, A. Rautiola and K. Torkkell, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 2005, 39, 151-161.
21. R. Rijkeboer, D. Bremmers, Z. Samaras and L. Ntziachristos, Atmos. Environ., 2005, 39, 2483-2490.
22. L. Ntziachristos, P. Pistikopoulos and Z. Samaras, Int. J. Eng. Res., 2005, 6, 263-275.
23. D. Santino, P. Picini and L. Martino, SAE-NA, Tech. Pap. Ser., 2001, (2001-01-68).
24. P. Picini, P. Spezzano, D. Cataldi, F. Messale, C. Manni, D. Santino and E. Donato, SAE-NA, Tech. Pap. Ser., 2005, (2005-24-020).
25. P. Spezzano, P. Picini, D. Cataldi, F. Messale and C. Manni, Atmos. Environ., 2008, 42, 4332-4344.
26. L. Ntziachristos, A. Mamakos, Z. Samaras, A. Xanthopoulos and E. Iakovou, Atmos. Environ., 2006, 40, 4547-4561.
27. European Communities, Directive 97/24/EC, Off. J. Eur. Communities, OJ L226, 18 August 1997.
28. ATSDR, Toxicological Profile for Gasoline, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA, 1995.
29. J. J. Schauer, M. J. Kleeman, G. R. Cass and B. R. T. Simoneit, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2002, 36, 1169-1180.
30. S. M. El-Sabagh and M. M. Al-Dhafeer, Pet. Sci. Technol., 2000, 18, 743-754.
31. H. U. Khan, R. L. Sharma, S. P. Nautiyal, K. M. Agrawal and P. Schmidt, Pet. Sci. Technol., 2000, 18, 889-899.
32. T. R. Hauser and J. N. Pattison, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1972, 6, 549-555.
33. G. A. Caravaggio, J. P. Charland, P. Macdonald and L. Graham, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2007, 41, 3697-3701.
34. EEA, EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2006, Technical report No 11/2006, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2006.
35. J. Czerwinski, P. Comte, F. Reitimann and A. Mayer, 14th Symposium "Transport and Air Pollution", Graz 1-3 June, 2005, VKM THD TU, Graz, Austria, 2005, vol. 85-1, p. 148, ISBN 3-902465-16-6.