Rainfall scavenging coefficients for atmospheric nitric acid and nitrate in a subtropical coastal environment

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 42, Issue 33, 2008, Pages 7757-7767

  Calderón, Silvia M ^a   Poor, Noreen D ^b   Campbell, Scott W ^c   Tate, Paul ^b   Hartsell, Ben ^d  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES   (Venezuela)

^b University of South Florida   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^d Atmospheric Research and Analysis Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

CALPUFF; Marshall Palmer; Nitrogen; Normalized scavenging coefficient; Particle size distribution; Wet deposition

Indexed keywords

NITRATES; NITRIC ACID;

CALPUFF; MARSHALL-PALMER; NITROGEN; NORMALIZED SCAVENGING COEFFICIENT; PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WET DEPOSITION;

ACIDS;

NITRATE; NITRIC ACID; RAIN;

COASTAL ZONE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DROPLET; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; NITRATE; NITRIC ACID; PARTICLE SIZE; RAINFALL; SCAVENGING (CHEMISTRY); SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WET DEPOSITION;

ARTICLE; COASTAL WATERS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTION ANALYSIS; SCAVENGING SYSTEM; THEORETICAL MODEL; TROPICS;

EID: 53749105432     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.040     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Amokrane H., and Caussade B. Gas absorption into a moving spheroidal water drop. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 56 (1999) 1808-1829
2. Andronache C. Estimated variability of below-cloud aerosol removal by rainfall for observed aerosol size distributions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3 (2003) 131-143
3. Andronache C., Donner L.J., Seman C.J., and Hemler R.S. A study of the impact of the Intertropical Convergence Zone on aerosols during INDOEX. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 D19 (2002) 8027-8042
4. Arnold J.R., Hartsell B.E., Luke W.T., Ullah S.M.R., Dasgupta P.K., Huey L.G., and Tate P. Field test of four methods for gas-phase ambient nitric acid. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 4210-4226
5. Arnold J.R., and Luke W.T. Nitric acid and the origin and size segregation of aerosol nitrate aloft during BRACE 2002. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 4227-4241
6. Asman W.A.H. Parameterization of below-cloud scavenging of highly soluble gases under convective conditions. Atmospheric Environment 29 (1995) 1359-1368
7. Blanchard D.C., Woodcock A.H., and Cipriano R.J. The vertical distribution of the concentration of sea salt in the marine atmosphere near Hawaii. Tellus 36B (1984) 118-125
8. Bozzi L.A., Feng J.Q., Scott T.C., and Pearlstein A.J. Steady axisymmetric motion of deformable drops falling or rising through a homoviscous fluid in a tube at intermediate Reynolds number. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 336 (1997) 1-32
9. Brenner I.S. The relationship between meteorologica parameters and daily summer rainfall amount and coverage in west-central Florida. Weather and Forecasting 19 (2004) 286-300
10. Calderón S.M., Poor N.D., and Campbell S.W. Estimation of the particle and gas scavenging contributions to wet deposition of organic nitrogen. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 4281-4290
11. Calderón S.M., Poor N.D., and Campbell S.W. Investigation of the UV photolysis method for the determination of organic nitrogen in aerosol samples. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 56 (2006) 1278-1286
12. Campbell S.W., Evans M.C., and Poor N.D. Predictions of size-resolved aerosol concentrations of ammonium, chloride and nitrate at a bayside site using EQUISOLV II. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 4299-4307
13. Chate D.M. Study of scavenging of submicron-sized aerosol particles by thunderstorm rain events. Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 6608-6619
14. Chate D.M., Ali K., Momin G.A., Rao P.S.P., Praveen P.S., Safai P.D., and Devara P.C.S. Scavenging of sea-salt aerosols by rain events over Arabian Sea during ARMEX. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 6739-6744
15. Claassen H.C., and Halm D.R. A possible deficiency in estimates of wet deposition obtained from data generated by the NADP/NTN network. Atmospheric Environment 29 (1995) 437-448
16. Dana M.T., and Hales J.M. Statistical aspects of the washout of polydisperse aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 10 (1976) 45-50
17. 3 concentrations with AIM. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 4242-4257
18. Evans M.C., Campbell S.W., Bhethanabotla V., and Poor N.D. Effect of sea salt and calcium carbonate interactions with nitric acid on the direct dry deposition of nitrogen to Tampa Bay, Florida. Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 4847-4858
19. Feingold G., and Levin Z. The lognormal fit to raindrop spectra from frontal convective clouds in Israel. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 25 (1986) 1346-1363
20. Fridlind A.M., Ackerman A.S., Jensen E.J., Heymsfield A.J., Poellot M.R., Stevens D.E., Wang D., Miloshevich L.M., Baumgardner D., Lawson R.P., Wilson J.C., Flagan R.C., Seinfeld J.H., Jonsson H.H., VanReken T.M., Varutbangkul V., and Rissman T.A. Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei. Science 304 (2004) 718-722
21. Gonçalves F.L.T., Andrade M.F., Forti M.C., Astolfo R., Ramos M.A., Massambani O., and Melfi A.J. Preliminary estimation of the rainfall chemical composition evaluated through the scavenging modeling for north-eastern Amazonian region (Amapa State, Brazil). Environmental Pollution 121 (2003) 63-73
22. Gonçalves F.L.T., Massambani O., Beheng K.D., Vautz W., Schilling M., Solci M.C., Rocha V., and Klockow D. Modelling and measurements of below cloud scavenging processes in the highly industrialized region of Cubatao-Brazil. Atmospheric Environment 34 (2000) 4113-4120
23. Gunter R.L. Assessment of boundary layer variations in the Tampa Bay Area during the Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE). Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 4165-4176
24. Hales J.M. Wet removal of pollutants from Gaussian plumes: basic linear equations and computational approaches. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41 (2002) 905-918
25. Henzing J.S., Olivié D.J.L., and van Velthoven P.F.J. A parameterization of size-resolved below cloud scavenging of aerosols by rain. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6 (2006) 3363-3375
26. Hinds W.C. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior and Measurement of Airborne Particles (1999), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York pp. 483
27. Kalvová J., Halenka T., Bezpalcová K., and Nemešová. Köppen climate types in observed and simulated climates. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 47 (2003) 185-202
28. Kieber R.J., Rhines M.F., Willey J.D., and Avery Jr. G.B. Nitrite variability in coastal North Carolina rainwater and its impact on the nitrogen cycle in rain. Environmental Science and Technology 33 (1999) 373-377
29. Kennish M.J. Practical Handbook of Marine Science. third ed. (2001), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL pp. 896
30. Kumar S. An Eulerian model for scavenging of pollutants by raindrops. Atmospheric Environment 19 (1985) 769-778
31. de Leeuw G. Vertical profiles of giant particles close above the sea surface. Tellus 38B (1986) 51-61
32. Lai K.-Y., Dayan N., and Kerker M. Scavenging of aerosol particles by a falling water drop. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 35 (1978) 674-682
33. Levine S.Z., and Schwartz S.E. In-cloud and below-cloud scavenging of nitric acid vapor. Atmospheric Environment 16 (1982) 1725-1734
34. Levy J.I., Spengler J.D., Hlinka D., Sullivan D., and Moon D. Using CALPUFF to evaluate the impacts of power plants emissions in Illinois: model sensitivity and implications. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 1063-1075
35. Luke W.T., Arnold J.R., Watson T.B., Dasgupta P.K., Li J., Kronmiller K., Hartsell B.E., Tamanini T., Lopez C., and King C. The NOAA Twin Otter and its role in BRACE: a comparison of aircraft and surface trace gas measurements. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 4190-4209
36. 3. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 21 (2004) 547-565
37. Mircea M., Stefan S., and Fuzzi S. Precipitation scavenging coefficient: influence of measured aerosol and raindrop size distributions. Atmospheric Environment 34 (2000) 5169-5174
38. National Climatic Data Center. Local Climatological Data. Annual Summary with Comparative Data (2005), Department of Commerce, USA ISSN 0198-1307, 8 pp
39. National Climatic Data Center. Climate. Radar Data Inventories: Tampa International Airport Station (2008). http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwDI∼StnSrch∼StnID∼20004414 (accessed 15. 01. 08)
40. Nieto P.J.G., García B.A., Díaz J.M.F., and Braña M.A.R. Parametric study of selective removal of atmospheric aerosol by below-cloud scavenging. Atmospheric Environment 28 (1994) 2335-2342
41. Poor N., Pollman C., Tate P., Begum M., Evans M., and Campbell S. Nature and magnitude of atmospheric fluxes of total inorganic nitrogen and other inorganic species to the Tampa Bay watershed, FL, USA. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 170 (2006) 267-283
42. Pryor S.C., Spaulding A.M., and Rauwolf H. Evolution of the concentration of inorganic ions during the initial stages of precipitation events. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 180 (2007) 3-10
43. Ridely B., Ott L., Pickering K., Emmons L., Montzka D., Weinheimer A., Knapp D., Grahek F., Li L., Heymsfield G., McGill M., Kucera P., Mahoney M.J., Baumgardner D., Schultz M., and Brasseur G. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 D17305 (2004) 1-19
44. Radojevic M., and Lim L.H. Short-term variation in the concentration of selected ions within individual tropical rainstorms. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 85 (1995) 2363-2368
45. Scire J.S., Stimaitis D.G., and Yamartino R.J. A User's Guide for the CALPUFF Dispersion Model, Version 5 (2000), Earth Tech, Inc., Concord, MA pp. 521
46. Seinfeld J.H., and Pandis S.N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change (1998), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York pp. 1326
47. Slinn W.G.N. Precipitation scavenging: some problems, approximate solutions, and suggestions for future research. In: Semonin R.G., and Beadle R.W. (Eds). Precipitation Scavenging (1977), Technical Information Center Energy Research and Development Administration, Champaign, IL, USA 843
48. Strayer H., Smith R., Mizak C., and Poor N. Influence of air mass origin on the wet deposition of nitrogen to Tampa Bay, Florida - an eight-year study. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 4310-4322
49. Tanner P.A., and Wong A.Y.S. Atmospheric gases, particulates and rainfall concentrations during summer rain events. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 67 (1997) 185-202
50. Tost H., Jockel P., Kerkweg A., Sander R., and Lelieveld J. Technical note: a new comprehensive SCAVenging submodel for globel atmospheric chemistry modelling. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6 (2006) 565-574
51. USEPA. Appendix W to Part 51 - Guideline on Air Quality Models. Federal Register 70 (2005) 68229-68261
52. Vitt D.H., Wieder K., Halsey L.A., and Turetsky M. Response of Sphagnum fuscum to nitrogen deposition: a case study of ombrogenous peatlands in Alberta, Canada. The Bryologist 106 (2003) 235-245
53. Volken M., and Schumann T. A critical review of below-cloud aerosol scavenging results on Mt. Rigi. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 68 (1993) 15-28
54. Wang P.K., and Pruppacher H.R. An experimental determination of the efficiency with which aerosol particles are collected by water drops in subsaturated air. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 34 (1977) 1664-1669
55. Weathers K.C., and Likens G.E. Clouds in southern Chile: an important source of nitrogen to nitrogen-limited ecosystems?. Environmental Science and Technology 31 (1997) 210-213
56. Wurzler S. The scavenging of nitrogen compounds by clouds and precipitation: part II. The effects of cloud microphysical parameterization on model predictions of nitric acid scavenging by clouds. Atmospheric Research 47-48 (1998) 219-233
57. Zhang, K.M., Dennis, R.L., Mebust, M.R., Bhave, P.V., Wexler, A.S., 2003. Simulation of coarse particle nitrate formations in coastal areas. Eos Transactions AGU 84, Fall Meeting Supplement, Abstract A42A-0749.
58. x during exposure to simulated sunlight and ozone. Environmental Science and Technology 37 (2003) 3522-3530
59. Zhang L., Michelangeli D.V., and Taylor P.A. Numerical studies of aerosol scavenging by low-level, warm stratiform clouds and precipitation. Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 4653-4665
60. Zhao H., and Zheng C. Monte Carlo solution of wet removal of aerosols by precipitation. Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006) 1510-1525