End-to-Side Nerve Repair: Review of the Literature and Clinical Indications

Hand Clinics

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 455-460

  Dvali, Linda T ^a   Myckatyn, Terence M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

END TO SIDE ANASTOMOSIS; NERVE INJURY; NERVE REGENERATION; NERVE SPROUTING; NERVE TRANSPLANTATION; REVIEW;

ANASTOMOSIS, SURGICAL; ANIMALS; HUMANS; MOTOR SKILLS; NERVE REGENERATION; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; PERIPHERAL NERVES; SENSATION;

EID: 53649099514     PISSN: 07490712     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2008.04.006     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Ballance C.A., Ballance H.A., and Stewart P. Operative treatment of chronic facial palsy of peripheral origin. Br Med J 2 (1903) 1009-1013
2. Harris W., and Low V.W. On the importance of accurate muscular analysis in lesions of the brachial plexus and the treatment of Erb's palsy and infantile paralysis of the upper extremity by cross-union of the nerve roots. British Medical Journal 24 (1903) 1035-1038
3. Kennedy R.A., and McKendrick. On the restoration of co-ordinated movements after nerve-crossing, with interchange of function of the cerebral cortical centres. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 194 (1901) 127-162
4. Al-Qattan M.M. Terminolateral neurorrhaphy: review of experimental and clinical studies. J Reconstr Microsurg 17 (2001) 99-108
5. Rovak J.M., Cederna P.S., and Kuzon Jr. W.M. Terminolateral neurorrhaphy: a review of the literature. J Reconstr Microsurg 17 (2001) 615-624
6. Viterbo F., Trindade J.C., Hoshino K., et al. Two end-to-side neurorrhaphies and nerve graft with removal of the epineural sheath: experimental study in rats. Br J Plast Surg 47 (1994) 75-80
7. Viterbo F., Trindade J.C., Hoshino K., et al. Latero-terminal neurorrhaphy without removal of the epineural sheath. Experimental study in rats. Rev Paul Med 110 (1992) 267-275
8. Viterbo F., Trindade J.C., Hoshino K., et al. End-to-side neurorrhaphy with removal of the epineurial sheath: an experimental study in rats. Plast Reconstr Surg 94 (1994) 1038-1047
9. Al-Qattan M., and Al-Thunayan A. Variables affecting axonal regeneration following end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Br J Plast Surg 51 (1998) 238-242
10. Matsumoto M., Hirata H., Nishiyama M., et al. Schwann cells can induce collateral sprouting from intact axons: experimental study of end-to-side neurorrhaphy using a Y-chamber model. J Reconstr Microsurg 15 (1999) 281-286
11. McCallister W.V., Tang P., Smith J., et al. Axonal regeneration stimulated by the combination of nerve growth factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor in an end-to-side model. J Hand Surg [Am] 26 (2001) 478-488
12. McCallister W.V., Tang P., and Trumble T.E. Is end-to-side neurorrhaphy effective? A study of axonal sprouting stimulated from intact nerves. J Reconstr Microsurg 15 (1999) 597-603 [discussion: 603]
13. Tham S.K., and Morrison W.A. Motor collateral sprouting through an end-to-side nerve repair. J Hand Surg [Am] 23 (1998) 844-851
14. Bontioti E., Kanje M., Lundborg G., et al. End-to-side nerve repair in the upper extremity of rat. J Peripher Nerv Syst 10 (2005) 58-68
15. Sanapanich K., Morrison W.A., and Messina A. Physiologic and morphologic aspects of nerve regeneration after end-to-end or end-to-side coaptation in a rat model of brachial plexus injury. J Hand Surg [Am] 27 (2002) 133-142
16. Goheen-Robillard B., Myckatyn T.M., Mackinnon S.E., et al. End-to-side neurorrhaphy and lateral axonal sprouting in a long graft rat model. Laryngoscope 112 (2002) 899-905
17. Rovak J.M., Cederna P.S., Macionis V., et al. Termino-lateral neurorrhaphy: the functional axonal anatomy. Microsurgery 20 (2000) 6-14
18. Noah E.M., Williams A., Fortes W., et al. A new animal model to investigate axonal sprouting after end-to-side neurorrhaphy. J Reconstr Microsurg 13 (1997) 317-325
19. Cederna P.S., Kalliainen L.K., Urbanchek M.G., et al. "Donor" muscle structure and function after end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Plast Reconstr Surg 107 (2001) 789-796
20. Bertelli J.A., Soares dos Santos A.R., and Calixto J.B. Is axonal sprouting able to traverse the conjunctival layers of the peripheral nerve? A behavioral, motor, and sensory study of end-to-side nerve anastomosis. J Reconstr Microsurg 12 (1996) 559-563
21. Zhang Z., Soucacos P.N., Bo J., et al. Reinnervation after end-to-side nerve coaptation in a rat model. Am J Orthop 30 (2001) 400-406 [discussion: 407]
22. Zhao J.Z., Chen Z.W., and Chen T.Y. Nerve regeneration after terminolateral neurorrhaphy: experimental study in rats. J Reconstr Microsurg 13 (1997) 31-37
23. Spencer P.S., Weinberg H.J., Raine C.S., et al. The perineurial window-a new model of focal demyelination and remyelination. Brain Res 96 (1975) 323-329
24. Walker J.C., Brenner M.J., Mackinnon S.E., et al. Effect of perineurial window size on nerve regeneration, blood-nerve barrier integrity, and functional recovery. J Neurotrauma 21 (2004) 217-227
25. Yamauchi T., Maeda M., Tamai S., et al. Collateral sprouting mechanism after end-to-side nerve repair in the rat. Med Electron Microsc 33 (2000) 151-156
26. Hayashi A., Yanai A., Komuro Y., et al. Collateral sprouting occurs following end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Plast Reconstr Surg 114 (2004) 129-137
27. Gurney M.E., Yamamoto H., and Kwon Y. Induction of motor neuron sprouting in vivo by ciliary neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. J Neurosci 12 (1992) 3241-3247
28. Mackinnon S.E., Dellon A.L., and O'Brien J.P. Changes in nerve fiber numbers distal to a nerve repair in the rat sciatic nerve model. Muscle Nerve 14 (1991) 1116-1122
29. Sorkin L.S., and Wallace M.S. Acute pain mechanisms. Surg Clin North Am 79 (1999) 213-229
30. Chen Y.G., and Brushart T.M. The effect of denervated muscle and Schwann cells on axon collateral sprouting. J Hand Surg [Am] 23 (1998) 1025-1033
31. Kanje M, Arai T, Lundborg G. Collateral sprouting from sensory and motor axons into an end to side attached nerve segment. Neuroreport. 2000;11:2455-9.
32. Tarasidis G., Watanabe O., Mackinnon S.E., et al. End-to-side neurorrhaphy resulting in limited sensory axonal regeneration in a rat model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 106 (1997) 506-512
33. Tarasidis G., Watanabe O., Mackinnon S.E., et al. End-to-side neurorraphy: a long-term study of neural regeneration in a rat model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 119 (1998) 337-341
34. Brenner M.J., Dvali L., Hunter D.A., et al. Motor neuron regeneration through end-to-side repairs is a function of donor nerve axotomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 120 1 (2007) 215-223
35. Kovacic U., Bajrovic F., and Sketelj J. Recovery of cutaneous pain sensitivity after end-to-side nerve repair in the rat. J Neurosurg 91 (1999) 857-862
36. Kostakoglu N. Motor and sensory reinnervation in the hand after an end-to-side median to ulnar nerve coaptation in the forearm. Br J Plast Surg 52 (1999) 404-407
37. Ogun T.C., Ozdemir M., Senaran H., et al. End-to-side neurorrhaphy as a salvage procedure for irreparable nerve injuries. Technical note. J Neurosurg 99 (2003) 180-185
38. Ulkur E., Yuksel F., Acikel C., et al. Comparison of functional results of nerve graft, vein graft, and vein filled with muscle graft in end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Microsurgery 23 (2003) 40-48
39. Yuksel F., Peker F., and Celikoz B. Two applications of end-to-side nerve neurorrhaphy in severe upper-extremity nerve injuries. Microsurgery 24 (2004) 363-368
40. Mennen U. End-to-side nerve suture-a technique to repair peripheral nerve injury. S Afr Med J 89 (1999) 1188-1194
41. De Sa J., Mazzer N., Barbieri C., et al. The end-to-side peripheral nerve repair: functional and morphometric study using the peroneal nerve of rats. J Neurosci Methods 136 (2004) 45-53
42. Sundine M.J., Quan E.E., Saglam O., et al. The use of end-to-side nerve grafts to reinnervate the paralyzed orbicularis oculi muscle. Plast Reconstr Surg 111 (2003) 2255-2264
43. Sato T., Konishi F., and Kanazawa K. End-to-side pudendal nerve anastomosis for the creation of a new reinforcing anal sphincter in dogs. Surgery 127 (2000) 92-98
44. Lutz B.S., Wei F.C., Ma S.F., et al. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 in motor nerve regeneration after nerve transection and repair vs. nerve crushing injury in the rat. Acta Neurochir 141 (1999) 1101-1106
45. Mennen U. End-to-side nerve suture in the primate (chacma baboon). Hand Surg 3 (1998) 1-6
46. Oppenheim R.W., Houenou L.J., Parsadanian A.S., et al. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and developing mammalian motoneurons: regulation of programmed cell death among motoneuron subtypes. J Neurosci 20 (2000) 5001-5011
47. Palazzi S., Vila-Torres J., and Lorenzo J.C. Fibrin glue is a sealant and not a nerve barrier. J Reconstr Microsurg 11 (1995) 135-139
48. Feng G., Mellor R.H., Bernstein M., et al. Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of GFP. Neuron 28 (2000) 41-51
49. Myckatyn T.M., Mackinnon S.E., Hunter D.A., et al. A novel model for the study of peripheral-nerve regeneration following common nerve injury paradigms. J Reconstr Microsurg 20 (2004) 533-544
50. Mennen U. End-to-side nerve suture in the human patient. Hand Surg 3 (1998) 7-15
51. Mennen U., van der Westhuizen M.J., and Eggers I.M. Re-innervation of M. biceps by end-to-side nerve suture. Hand Surg 8 (2003) 25-31
52. Viterbo F., Franciosi L.F., and Palhares A. Nerve graftings and end-to-side neurorrhaphies connecting the phrenic nerve to the brachial plexus. Plast Reconstr Surg 96 (1995) 494-495
53. Amr S.M., and Moharram A.N. Repair of brachial plexus lesions by end-to-side side-to-side grafting neurorrhaphy: experience based on 11 cases. Microsurgery 25 (2005) 126-146
54. Tung T.H., and Mackinnon S.E. Flexor digitorum superficialis nerve transfer to restore pronation: two case reports and anatomic study. J Hand Surg [Am] 26 (2001) 1065-1072
55. Tung T.H., Novak C.B., and Mackinnon S.E. Nerve transfers to the biceps and brachialis branches to improve elbow flexion strength after brachial plexus injuries. J Neurosurg 98 (2003) 313-318