The role of neuromediators in ocular allergy

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 466-471

  Micera, Alessandra ^a,b,c   Lambiase, Alessandro ^a   Bonini, Stefano ^a  

^a University Campus Bio Medico ^*

^b IRCCS FONDAZIONE BIETTI   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY CAMPUS BIO MEDICO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Neurogenic inflammation; Neuropeptides; Neurotrophins; Ocular allergy

Indexed keywords

CALCITONIN GENE RELATED PEPTIDE; CYTOKINE; EOSINOPHIL CATIONIC PROTEIN; HISTAMINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; MUCIN; NEUROPEPTIDE; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; NEUROTROPHIN; SUBSTANCE P; VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE;

EOSINOPHIL; EYE ALLERGY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GIANT PAPILLARY CONJUNCTIVITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOREGULATION; MEDIATOR RELEASE; NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION; PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERENNIAL ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REVIEW; SEASONAL ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS; SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION; VERNAL CONJUNCTIVITIS;

CONJUNCTIVITIS, ALLERGIC; EYE DISEASES; HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; NERVE GROWTH FACTORS; NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION; NEUROPEPTIDES; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS;

EID: 53549127539     PISSN: 15284050     EISSN: 14736322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32830e6b17     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Bielory L, Bonini S, Bonini S. Allergic eye disorders. Clin Allergy Immunol 2002; 16:311-323.
2. Amod R. Immunology of allergic eye disease. Curr Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 9:70-73.
3. Leonardi A, Curnow SJ, Zhan H, Colder VL Multiple cytokines in human tear specimens in seasonal and chronic allergic eye disease and in conjunctival fibroblast cultures. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:777-784.
4. Smith S, Levi-Schaffer F. Cross-talk between eosinophils, mast cells and fibroblasts. Chem Immunol 2000; 78:81-92.
5. Bonini S, Lambiase A, Sgrulletta R, Bonini S. Allergic chronic inflammation of the ocular surface in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 3:381-387.
6. Belmonte C, Aracil A, Acosta MC, et al. Nerves and sensations from the eye surface. Ocul Surf 2004; 2:248-253.
7. Enriquez-de-Salamanca A, Calonge M. Muscarinic receptors in the ocular surface eye allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 6:379-382.
8. Dartt DA, Regulation of mucin and fluid secretion by conjunctival epithelial cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2002; 21:555-576.
9. Dartt DA, Matkin C, Gray K. Comparison of proteins in lacrimal gland fluid secreted in response to different stimuli. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1988; 29:991-995.
10. Rios JD, Zoukhri D, Rawe IM, et al. Immunolocalization of muscarinic and VIP receptor subtypes and their role in stimulating goblet cel secretion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40:1102-1111.
11. Nietgen GW, Schmidt J, Hesse L, et al. Muscarinic receptor functioning and distribution in the eye: molecular basis and implications for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Eye 1999; 13:285-300.
12. Beuerman RW, Stern ME. Neurogenic inflammation: a first line of defense for the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2005; 3:S203-S206.
13. Downing JEG, Miyan JA. Neural immunoregulation: emerging roles for nerves in immune homeostasis and disease. Immunol Today 2000; 21:281-289.
14. Kowalski ML, Sliwinska-Kowalska M, Kaliner MA. Neurogenic inflammation, vascular permeability, and mast cells. J Immunol 1990; 145:1214-1221.
15. Durnett Richardson J, Vasko MR. Cellular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 302:839-845.
16. Taylor AW. Ocular immunosuppressive microenvironment. Chem Immunol Allergy 2007; 92:71-85. The review describes the ocular microenvironment with a particular interest on active mechanisms of immunoregulation and immunosuppression. Neuropeptides in aqueous humor suppress the activation of Th1 cells and promote the induction of regulatory T cells.
17. Troger J, Kieselbach G, Teuchner B, et al. Peptidergic nerves in the eye, their source and potential pathophysiological relevance. Brain Res Rev 2007; 53:39-62. This review summarizes the current knowledge about neuropeptides detected in the ocular surface. The functional significance of neuropeptides during ocular inflammation is discussed in view of the recent knowledge regarding the entire neurogenic inflammation process.
18. Frieri M. Neuroimmunology and inflammation: implications fortherapy of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003; 90:34-40.
19. Scott JR, Muangman P, Gibran NS. Making sense of hypertrophic scar: a role for nerves. Wound Repair Regen 2007; 15:S27-S31. In human hypertrophic scar samples, the increased innervation and neuropeptide release, in association with reduced neutral endopeptidase levels would suggest a contribution of neurogenic inflammation during abnormal wound healing and provide new therapeutic targets.
20. Bulut K, Felderbauer P, Deters S, et al. Sensory neuropeptides and epithelial cell restitution: the relevance of SP- and CGRP-stimulated mast cells. Int J Colorectal Dis 2008; 23:535-541. This review points to the epithelial cell migration effects played by CGRP-stimulated mast cells, an effect not observed with SP, highlighting the role of some neuropeptides during inflammatory response and wound-healing process.
21. Mantyh PW. Substance P and the inflammatory and immune response. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 632:263-271.
22. Levite M. Neuropeptides, by direct interaction with T cells, induce cytokine secretion and break the commitment to a distinct T helper phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:12544-12549.
23. Mathers AR, Tckacheva OA, Janelsins BM, et al. In vivo signaling through the neurokinin 1 receptor favors transgene expression by Langerhans cells and promotes the generation of Th1- and Tc1-biased immune responses. J Immunol 2007; 178:7006-7017. This article demonstrates that a specific immunization approach resulted in Th1 and T cytotoxic (CTL)-1 bias of effector T cells, supporting cellular and Abmediated immune responses.
24. Ganea D. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: an antiinflammatory neuropeptide. In: Ader RA, editor. Psychoneuroimmunology, 4th ed. New York: Elsevier Inc; 2007. pp. 131-158. The book summarizes current knowledge about the interesting anti-inflammatory role of VIP during pathological conditions.
25. Delgado M, Pozo D, Ganea D. The significance of vasoactive intestinal peptide in immunomodulation. Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56:249-290.
26. Pozo D, Gonzalez-Rey E, Chorny A, et al. Tuning immune tolerance with vasoactive intestinal peptide: a new therapeutic approach for immune disorders. Peptides 2007; 28:1833-1846. This interesting review highlights two different ways for VIP to maintain immune tolerance. Briefly, VIP might regulate the balance between pro/anti-inflammatory factors as well as trigger Treg phenotype, with suppressive activity on autoreactive T-cell effectors.
27. Chorny A, Gonzalez-Rey E, Fernandez-Martin A, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces regulatory dendritic cells with therapeutic effects on autoimmune disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:13562-13567.
28. Kutka M, Sheen CH, Tancowny BP, et al. Neuropeptides activate human mast cell degranulation and chemokine production. Immunology 2008; 123:398-410.
29. Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and regulatory T-cell induction: a new mechanism and therapeutic potential for immune homeostasis. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:241-251. In this very interesting article AA describes a Treg-cell-based immunotherapy approach for resetting the balance of immune homeostasis. The finding of this study would imply that VIP might exert attractive functions in the field of immunoregulation.
30. Liu L, Yen JH, Ganea D. A novel VIP signaling pathway in T cells cAMP→ protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2?)→JAK2/STAT4→Th1 differentiation. Peptides 2007; 28:1814-1824. This very interesting article shows a novel VIP signaling in T cells, suggesting possible targets for future focused therapies.
31. Wessler I, Kilbinger H, Bittinger F, et al. The nonneuronal cholinergic system in humans: expression, function and pathophysiology. Life Sci 2003; 72:2055-2061.
32. Prod'homme T, Weber MS, Steinman L, Zamvil SS. A neuropeptide in immune-mediated inflammation, Y? Trends Immunol 2006; 27:164-167.
33. Bedoui S, Kramer A, Gebhardt T, et al. Neuropeptide Y receptor-specifically modulates human neutrophil function. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 195:88-95.
34. Wheway J, Mackay CR, Newton RA, et al. A fundamental bimodal role for neuropeptide Y1 receptor in the immune system. J Exp Med 2005; 202:1527-1538.
35. Levi-Montalcini R, Skaper SD, Dal Toso R, et al. Nerve growth factor: from neurotrophin to neurokine. Trends Neurosci 1996; 19:514-520.
36. Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC. Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair. Annu Rev Neurosci 2001; 24:1217-1281.
37. Micera A, Puxeddu I, Aloe L, Levi-Schaffer F. New Insight on the involvement of nerve growth factor in allergic inflammation and fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2003; 14:369-374.
38. Micera A, Lambiase A, Aloe L, Bonini S, et al. Nerve growth factor involvement in the visual system: implications in allergic and neurodegenerative diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2004; 15:411-417.
39. Nassenstein C, Schulte-Herbriiggen O, Renz H, Braun A. Nerve growth factor: the central hub in the development of allergic asthma? Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 533:195-206.
40. Bonini S, Lambiase A, Bonini S, et al. Circulating nerve growth factor levels are increased in humans with allergic diseases and asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:10955-10960.
41. Raap U, Kapp A. Neuroimmunological findings in allergic skin diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 5:419-424.
42. Lambiase A, Micera A, Sgrulletta R, et al. Nerve growth factor and the immune system: old and new concepts in the cross-talk between immune and resident cells during pathophysiological conditions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 4:425-430.
43. Lambiase A, Bonini S, Bonini S, et al. Increased plasma levels of nerve growth factor in vernal keratoconjunctivitis and relationship to conjunctival mast cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 36:2127-2132.
44. Lambiase A, Bonini S, Micera A, et al. Increased plasma levels of substance P in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997; 38:2161-2164.
45. Motterle L, Diebold Y, Enriquez de Salamanca A, et al. Altered expression of neurotransmitter receptors and neuromediators in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2006; 124:462-468.
46. Caughey GH, Leidig F, Viro NF, Nadel JA. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide degradation by mast cell tryptase and chymase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 244:133-137.
47. Abelson MB, Leonardi A, Smith LM, et al. Histaminase activity in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 1995; 102:1958-1963.
48. Jacoby DB, Gleich GJ, Fryer AD. Human eosinophil major basic protein is an endogenous allosteric antagonist at the inhibitory muscarinic M2 receptor. J Clin Invest 1993; 91:1314-1318.
49. Gonzalez-Rey E, Varela N, Chorny A, Delgado M. Therapeutical approaches of vasoactive intestinal peptide as a pleiotropic immunomodulator. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13:1113-1139. This is a very interesting article showing VIP as a new therapeutic factor for several autoimmune disorders, representing an alternative to other existing treatments.
50. Wheway J, Herzog H, Mackay F. NPY and receptors in immune and inflammatory diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2007; 7:1743-1752. The review provides the latest information on NPY effects in the immune system, and discusses the potential new opportunities to develop new immunomodulatory treatments for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
51. Keino H, Kezuka T, Takeuchi M, et al. Prevention of experimental uveoretinitis by vasoactive intestinal peptide. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122:1179-1184.