Neurotoxic envenoming by South American coral snake (Micrurus lemniscatus helleri): case report from eastern Ecuador and review

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 102, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1127-1132

  Manock, Stephen R ^a   Suarez, German ^a   Graham, David ^a   Avila Aguero, María L ^b   Warrell, David A ^c  

^a HOSPITAL VOZANDES   (Ecuador)

^b HOSPITAL NACIONAL DE NIÑOS   (Costa Rica)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anticholinesterase; Antivenom; Ecuador; Micrurus lemniscatus helleri; Snake bite; South American coral snake

Indexed keywords

ATROPINE; DIAZEPAM; KETOROLAC; MIDAZOLAM; MORPHINE; NEOSTIGMINE; OXYGEN; RABIES IMMUNOGLOBULIN; RABIES VACCINE; SNAKE VENOM; SNAKE VENOM ANTISERUM;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; BRONCHUS OBSTRUCTION; CASE REPORT; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; ECUADOR; ENVENOMATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; INTUBATION; LABORATORY TEST; LEUKOCYTOSIS; MALE; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROTOXICITY; PAIN; PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME; PNEUMOTHORAX; PROTHROMBIN TIME; RABIES; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; SNAKEBITE; TERTIARY HEALTH CARE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; URINE INCONTINENCE; VITAL SIGN;

ADULT; ANIMALS; ANTIVENINS; BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; ECUADOR; ELAPID VENOMS; ELAPIDAE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; SNAKE BITES; TIME FACTORS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); MICRURUS; MICRURUS LEMNISCATUS;

EID: 53549125228     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.026     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Barros A.C., Fernandes D.P., Ferreira L.C., and Dos Santos M.C. Local effects induced by venoms from five species of genus Micrurus sp. (coral snakes). Toxicon 32 (1994) 445-452
2. Bolaños R., Cerdas L., and Abalos J.W. Venoms of coral snakes (Micrurus spp.): report on a multivalent antivenin for the Americas. Bull. Pan Am. Health Organ. 2 (1978) 23-27
3. Bucaretchi F., Hyslop S., Vieira R.J., Toledo A.S., Madureira P.R., and de Capitani E.M. Bites by coral snakes (Micrurus spp.) in Campinas, State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 48 (2006) 141-145
4. In: Campbell J., and Lamar W.W. (Eds). Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere (2004), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY
5. Cecchini A.L., Marcuss S., Silveira L.B., Borja-Oliveira C.R., Rodrigues-Simioni L., Amara S., Stábeli R.G., Giglio J.R., Arantes E.C., and Soares A.M. Biological and enzymatic activities of Micrurus sp. (Coral) snake venoms. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 140 (2005) 125-134
6. Coelho L.K., Silva E., Espositto C., and Zanin M. Clinical features and treatment of Elapidae bites: report of three cases. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 11 (1992) 135-137
7. Du X.Y., Sim D.S., Lee W.H., and Zhang Y. Blood cells as targets of snake toxins. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 36 (2006) 414-421
8. German B.T., Hack J.B., Brewer K., and Meggs W.J. Pressure-immobilization bandages delay toxicity in a porcine model of eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) envenomation. Ann. Emerg. Med. 45 (2005) 603-608
9. Gold B.S., Dart R.C., and Barish R.A. Bites of venomous snakes. N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (2002) 804-805
10. Gutiérrez J.M., Lomonte B., Portilla E., Cerdas L., and Rojas E. Local effects induced by coral snake venoms: evidence of myonecrosis after experimental inoculations of venoms from five species. Toxicon 21 (1983) 777-783
11. Gutiérrez J.M., Rojas G., da Silva Júnior N.J., and Núñez J. Experimental myonecrosis induced by the venoms of South American Micrurus (coral snakes). Toxicon 30 (1992) 1299-1302
12. Jorge da Silva Júnior N., and Bucaretchi F. Mecanismo de ação do veneno elapídico e aspectos clínicos dos acidentes. In: Cardoso J.L.C., França F.O.S., Wen F.H., Málaque C.M.S., and Haddad Jr. V. (Eds). Animais Peçonhentos no Brasil. Biologia, Clínica e Terapêutica dos Acidentes (2003), Sarvier & FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil 99-107
13. Kitchens C., and Van Mierop L.H.S. Envenomation by the eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius). A study of 39 victims. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 258 (1987) 1615-1618
14. Laure C.J., Anzaloni Pedrosa L.H., and Jardim Sandrim A. Venomous snakes in the northeast of the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Litteratura Serpentium 25 (2005) 6-30
15. Morgan D.L., Borys D.J., Stanford R., Kjar D., and Tobleman W. Texas coral snake (Micrurus tener) bites. South. Med. J. 100 (2007) 152-156
16. Nishioka S.A., Silveira P.V., and Menzes L.B. Coral snake bite and severe local pain. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 87 (1993) 429-431
17. Pettigrew L.C., and Glass J.P. Neurologic complications of a coral snake bite. Neurology 35 (1985) 589-592
18. Rosenfeld G. Symptomatology, Pathology, and Treatment of Snake Bites in South America. In: Bücherl W., Buckley E.E., and Deulofeu V. (Eds). Venomous Animals and their Venoms (1971), Academic Press, New York 345-384
19. Roze, J.A., 1996. Coral Snakes of the Americas: Biology, Identification, and Venoms. Krieger, Malabar, Florida, USA.
20. Sano-Martins I.S., Fan H.W., Castro S.C., Tomy S.C., Franca F.O., Jorge M.T., Kamiguti A.S., Warrell D.A., and Theakston R.D. Reliability of the simple 20 minute whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) as an indicator of low plasma fibrinogen concentration in patients envenomed by Bothrops snakes. Butantan Institute Antivenom Study Group. Toxicon 32 (1994) 1045-1050
21. Silva-Júnior M. O Ofidismo no Brasil (1956), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
22. Smalligan R., Cole J., Brito N., Laing G.D., Mertz B.L., Manock S., Maudlin J., Quist B., Holland G., Nelson S., Lalloo D.G., Rivadeneira G., Barragan M.E., Dolley D., Eddleston M., Warrell D.A., and Theakston R.D. Crotaline snake bite in the Ecuadorian Amazon: randomised double blind comparative trial of three South American polyspecific antivenoms. Br. Med. J. 329 (2004) 1129
23. Vital Brazil O., and Vieira R.J. Neostigmine in the treatment of snake accidents caused by Micrurus frontalis: report of two cases. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 38 (1996) 61-67
24. Warner C.K., Zaki S.R., Shieh W.J., Whitfield S.G., Smith J.S., Orciari L.A., Shaddock J.H., Niezgoda M., Wright C.W., Goldsmith C.S., Sanderlin D.W., Yager P.A., and Rupprecht C.E. Laboratory investigation of human deaths from vampire bat rabies in Peru. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60 (1999) 502-507
25. Warrell D.A. Bites of venomous snakes. N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (2002) 1804-1805 author reply 1804-1805
26. Warrell D.A. Epidemiology, clinical features and management of snake bites in Central and South America. In: Campbell J., and Lamar W.W. (Eds). Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere (2004), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY 709-761