메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1431-1447

Migrant workers in the ILO's Global Alliance Against Forced Labour report: A critical appraisal

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAPITALISM; GLOBALIZATION; INTERNAL MIGRATION; LABOR MIGRATION; LABOR RELATIONS; MIGRANT WORKER; MIGRANTS EXPERIENCE;

EID: 53449100306     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436590802386674     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 34548361624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global alliance against forced labour? Unfree labour, neo-liberal globalization and the International Labour Organisation
    • J Lerche, 'A global alliance against forced labour? Unfree labour, neo-liberal globalization and the International Labour Organisation', Journal of Agrarian Change, 7 (4), 2007, pp 425-452.
    • (2007) Journal of Agrarian Change , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 425-452
    • Lerche, J.1
  • 7
    • 33744925684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The double indeterminacy of labour power: Labour effort and labour mobility
    • C Smith, 'The double indeterminacy of labour power: Labour effort and labour mobility', Work, Employment and Society, 20 (2), 2006, pp 389-402.
    • (2006) Work, Employment and Society , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 389-402
    • Smith, C.1
  • 8
    • 42449148620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Places of work, scales of organising: A review of labour geography
    • DC Lier, 'Places of work, scales of organising: A review of labour geography', Geography Compass, 1 (4), 2007, pp 814-833.
    • (2007) Geography Compass , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 814-833
    • Lier, D.C.1
  • 12
    • 1842772688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale: The local and the global
    • S Holloway, S Rice, G Valentine & N Clifford, London: Sage second edition, forthcoming
    • A Herod, 'Scale: The local and the global', in S Holloway, S Rice, G Valentine & N Clifford, Key Concepts in Geography, London: Sage (second edition), forthcoming
    • Key Concepts in Geography
    • Herod, A.1
  • 13
    • 53449102124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D Mitchell, 'Localist ideology, large-scale production and agricultural labor's geography of resistance in 1930s California', in Mitchell, Organising the Landscape: Geographical Perspectives on Labor Unionism Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1998, pp159-194
    • D Mitchell, 'Localist ideology, large-scale production and agricultural labor's geography of resistance in 1930s California', in Mitchell, Organising the Landscape: Geographical Perspectives on Labor Unionism Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1998, pp159-194
  • 14
    • 4644308501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power, difference and mobility: Feminist advances in migration studies
    • R Silvey, 'Power, difference and mobility: Feminist advances in migration studies', Progress in Human Geography, 28 (4), 2004, pp 490-506
    • (2004) Progress in Human Geography , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 490-506
    • Silvey, R.1
  • 17
    • 0012827097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the global versus local: Economic politics outside the binary frame
    • A Herod & M Wright eds, Oxford: Blackwell
    • and JK Gibson-Graham, 'Beyond the global versus local: Economic politics outside the binary frame, in A Herod & M Wright (eds), Geographies of Power: Placing Scale, Oxford: Blackwell, 2002, pp 25-60.
    • (2002) Geographies of Power: Placing Scale , pp. 25-60
    • Gibson-Graham, J.K.1
  • 18
    • 53449097794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitchell, 'Localist ideology, large-scale production and agricultural labor's geography of resistance in 1930s California'.
    • Mitchell, 'Localist ideology, large-scale production and agricultural labor's geography of resistance in 1930s California'.
  • 21
    • 33846461679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale and the limitations of ontological debate: A commentary on Marston, Jones and Woodward
    • H Leitner & B Miller, 'Scale and the limitations of ontological debate: a commentary on Marston, Jones and Woodward', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 32, 2007, pp 116-125.
    • (2007) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , vol.32 , pp. 116-125
    • Leitner, H.1    Miller, B.2
  • 25
    • 53449084784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herod, Scale
    • Herod, 'Scale'.
  • 29
    • 53449093000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forced Labour Convention, 1930, Article 2(1), cited in ILO
    • ILO, Geneva: ILO
    • ILO,Forced Labour Convention, 1930, Article 2(1), cited in ILO, A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour (GAAFL), Geneva: ILO, 2005, p 5.
    • (2005) A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour (GAAFL) , pp. 5
  • 30
    • 53449101511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAAFL, p 8
    • GAAFL, p 8.
  • 32
    • 53449092347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This differs from Brass' conceptualisation. For Brass debt bondage is a quintessential form of continuing unfreedom in capitalist agriculture. Labour bonded by debt is unfree, even if there has been a cash advance-labour service tie which carries no explicit interest, is for a limited duration, and involves migrant workers. Forced labour, however, is something exacted by the state. T Brass, Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates, London: Frank Cass, 1999
    • This differs from Brass' conceptualisation. For Brass debt bondage is a quintessential form of continuing unfreedom in capitalist agriculture. Labour bonded by debt is unfree, even if there has been a cash advance-labour service tie which carries no explicit interest, is for a limited duration, and involves migrant workers. Forced labour, however, is something exacted by the state. T Brass, Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates, London: Frank Cass, 1999.
  • 33
    • 33746966215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agrarian relations and socio-economic change in Bihar
    • A Sharma, 'Agrarian relations and socio-economic change in Bihar', Economic and Political Weekly, 40 (10), 2005, pp 960-972.
    • (2005) Economic and Political Weekly , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 960-972
    • Sharma, A.1
  • 35
    • 53449099036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-feudalism meets the Market
    • New Delhi: Institute for Human Development Working Paper
    • G Rodgers & J Rodgers, Semi-feudalism meets the Market: A Report from Purnia, New Delhi: Institute for Human Development Working Paper, 2000, p 16.
    • (2000) A Report from Purnia , pp. 16
    • Rodgers, G.1    Rodgers, J.2
  • 36
    • 33748420378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The same is true of capitalism and slavery. As Graeber has shown, depending on how these are conceptualised, capitalism itself can be seen as slavery. D Graeber, 'Turning modes of production inside out: Or why capitalism is a transformation of slavery'
    • The same is true of capitalism and slavery. As Graeber has shown, depending on how these are conceptualised, capitalism itself can be seen as slavery. D Graeber, 'Turning modes of production inside out: Or why capitalism is a transformation of slavery', Critique of Anthropology 26 (1), 2006, pp 61-85.
    • (2006) Critique of Anthropology , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-85
  • 37
    • 53449087831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rodgers and Rodgers do not, however, present ethnographic data on the degree to which women have bought into male labour migration as a means of increasing household income.
    • Rodgers and Rodgers do not, however, present ethnographic data on the degree to which women have bought into male labour migration as a means of increasing household income.
  • 39
    • 0008809215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerous liaisons? Seasonal migration and agrarian change in West Bengal
    • See also, B Rogaly, B Harriss-White & S Bose eds, New Delhi/London/Thousand Oaks: Sage
    • See also B Rogaly, 'Dangerous liaisons? Seasonal migration and agrarian change in West Bengal', in B Rogaly, B Harriss-White & S Bose (eds), Sonar Bangla? Agricultural Growth and Agrarian Change in West Bengal and Bangladesh, New Delhi/London/Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1999, pp 357-380.
    • (1999) Sonar Bangla? Agricultural Growth and Agrarian Change in West Bengal and Bangladesh , pp. 357-380
    • Rogaly, B.1
  • 40
    • 53449089225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two pieces cited are focused on Punjab as a destination area for bonded labourers from Bihar. M. Singh, 'Bonded migrant labour in Punjab agriculture', Economic and Political Weekly, 15 March 1997
    • The two pieces cited are focused on Punjab as a destination area for bonded labourers from Bihar. M. Singh, 'Bonded migrant labour in Punjab agriculture', Economic and Political Weekly, 15 March 1997
  • 41
    • 53449102218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and J Singh, 'Incidence and magnitude of bonded labour in Punjab', in M Singh & K Gopal Iyer (eds), Migrant Labour and Human Rights in India New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers, 2003, pp 50-77. Interestingly both M Singh and K Gopal Iyer, co-editors of the book in which J Singh's chapter appears, are among the six people acknowledged as providing productive intellectual exchanges by Tom Brass in his major book on unfree labour, which elaborates the view that any form of prior payment to workers involving a future commitment to employment should be regarded as bonded labour.
    • and J Singh, 'Incidence and magnitude of bonded labour in Punjab', in M Singh & K Gopal Iyer (eds), Migrant Labour and Human Rights in India New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers, 2003, pp 50-77. Interestingly both M Singh and K Gopal Iyer, co-editors of the book in which J Singh's chapter appears, are among the six people acknowledged as providing productive intellectual exchanges by Tom Brass in his major book on unfree labour, which elaborates the view that any form of prior payment to workers involving a future commitment to employment should be regarded as bonded labour.
  • 42
    • 0002126160 scopus 로고
    • The production of scale in United States labour relations
    • A Herod, 'The production of scale in United States labour relations', Area, 23 (1), 1991, pp 82-88
    • (1991) Area , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-88
    • Herod, A.1
  • 43
    • 53449102328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief history of neoliberalism
    • and W Larner, 'A brief history of neoliberalism', Economic Geography 82 (4), 2006, pp 449-451.
    • (2006) Economic Geography , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 449-451
    • Larner, W.1
  • 45
    • 0042200252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who goes? Who stays back? Seasonal migration and staying put among seasonal migrant workers in West Bengal, India
    • B Rogaly, 'Who goes? Who stays back? Seasonal migration and staying put among seasonal migrant workers in West Bengal, India', Journal of International Development, 15 (5), 2003, pp 623-632.
    • (2003) Journal of International Development , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 623-632
    • Rogaly, B.1
  • 47
    • 0035688819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultural logic of work: Explaining labour deployment and piece rate contracts in Matar Taluka, Gujarat - Parts 1 and 2
    • V Gidwani, 'The cultural logic of work: Explaining labour deployment and piece rate contracts in Matar Taluka, Gujarat - Parts 1 and 2', Journal of Development Studies, 38 (2), 2002, pp 57-74
    • (2002) Journal of Development Studies , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 57-74
    • Gidwani, V.1
  • 56
    • 4043053717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not a "sack of potatoes": Why labor historians need to take agriculture seriously
    • C Hahamovitch & R Halpern, 'Not a "sack of potatoes": Why labor historians need to take agriculture seriously', International Labor and Working-Class History, 65, 2004, pp 3-10.
    • (2004) International Labor and Working-Class History , vol.65 , pp. 3-10
    • Hahamovitch, C.1    Halpern, R.2
  • 58
    • 0036295253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B Rogaly, D Coppard, A Ra.que, K Rana, A Sengupta & J Biswas, 'Seasonal migration and welfare/illfare in eastern India: A social analysis', Journal of Development Studies, 38 (5), 2002, pp 89-115.
    • B Rogaly, D Coppard, A Ra.que, K Rana, A Sengupta & J Biswas, 'Seasonal migration and welfare/illfare in eastern India: A social analysis', Journal of Development Studies, 38 (5), 2002, pp 89-115.
  • 59
    • 0025585773 scopus 로고
    • Even dogs are better off': The ongoing battle between capital and labour in the cane fields of Gujarat'
    • J Breman, '"Even dogs are better off"': The ongoing battle between capital and labour in the cane fields of Gujarat', Journal of Peasant Studies, 17 (4), 1990, pp 546-608.
    • (1990) Journal of Peasant Studies , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 546-608
    • Breman, J.1
  • 60
    • 53449087933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This interview took place as part of the project on Social Protection by and for Temporary Work Migrants in Bangladesh and West Bengal, which I directed along with Dr Janet Seeley of the University of East Anglia funded by the Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty
    • This interview took place as part of the project on Social Protection by and for Temporary Work Migrants in Bangladesh and West Bengal, which I directed along with Dr Janet Seeley of the University of East Anglia (funded by the Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty).
  • 61
    • 53449094074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B Rogaly, B Harriss-White & S Bose, 'Introduction: Sonar Bangla? Agricultural growth and agrarian change in West Bengal and Bangladesh', in Rogaly et al, Sonar Bangla?
    • B Rogaly, B Harriss-White & S Bose, 'Introduction: Sonar Bangla? Agricultural growth and agrarian change in West Bengal and Bangladesh', in Rogaly et al, Sonar Bangla?
  • 62
    • 0000193797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Containing conflict and reaping votes: Management of rural labour relations in West Bengal
    • B Rogaly, 'Containing conflict and reaping votes: Management of rural labour relations in West Bengal', Economic and Political Weekly, 33 (42-43), 1998, pp 2729-2739.
    • (1998) Economic and Political Weekly , vol.33 , Issue.42-43 , pp. 2729-2739
    • Rogaly, B.1
  • 63
    • 53449088150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buddhadeb Bhattacharya, We cannot fail people's expectations, Public letter to Sumit Sarkar in response to Professor Sarkar's statement on conflicts over the acquisition the agricultural land for large-scale industry, 11 January 2007. More recently, West Bengal's Chief Minister has claimed that industrial growth does not need the involvement of the state except to ensure corporate social responsibility, There is no need for any political interference in the process of industrialisation, cited in S Banerjee, Goodbye socialism, Economic and Political Weekly, 26 January 2008, p13. The national secretary of the CPI(M, Prakash Karat, reinforced the party's emphasis on large-scale units: 'If some argue that small and medium industries are sufficient, the CPI(M) does not agree. Large-scale units, particularly in manufacturing, are necessary
    • Buddhadeb Bhattacharya, 'We cannot fail people's expectations', Public letter to Sumit Sarkar in response to Professor Sarkar's statement on conflicts over the acquisition the agricultural land for large-scale industry, 11 January 2007. More recently, West Bengal's Chief Minister has claimed that industrial growth does not need the involvement of the state except to ensure corporate social responsibility. 'There is no need for any political interference in the process of industrialisation', cited in S Banerjee, 'Goodbye socialism', Economic and Political Weekly, 26 January 2008, p13. The national secretary of the CPI(M), Prakash Karat, reinforced the party's emphasis on large-scale units: 'If some argue that small and medium industries are sufficient, the CPI(M) does not agree. Large-scale units, particularly in manufacturing, are necessary'.
  • 64
    • 0344874887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Delhi, 24 March
    • People's Democracy, New Delhi, 24 March 2007.
    • (2007) People's Democracy
  • 65
    • 46949101533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Help the rich, hurt the poor: Case of Special Economic Zones
    • 26 May
    • EAS Sarma, 'Help the rich, hurt the poor: Case of Special Economic Zones', Economic and Political Weekly, 26 May 2007, p 1901.
    • (2007) Economic and Political Weekly , pp. 1901
    • Sarma, E.A.S.1
  • 66
    • 53449097995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In one of the worst incidents, on 14 March 2007 at Nandigram, 14 people were killed and 162 people were injured when police fired on a crowd. Data extracted from West Bengal High Court Order in AST 205, 2007.
    • In one of the worst incidents, on 14 March 2007 at Nandigram, 14 people were killed and 162 people were injured when police fired on a crowd. Data extracted from West Bengal High Court Order in AST 205, 2007.
  • 67
    • 53449091472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Countdown to India's retail revolution
    • at, accessed 29 February 2008
    • BBC News, 'Countdown to India's retail revolution', at http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/business/4662642.stm, accessed 29 February 2008
    • BBC News
  • 68
    • 53449087274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and Mark Milner, 'UK urges India to welcome in supermarkets', Guardian, 15 November 2005. Similarly, two years earlier, the US Consulate-General had urged West Bengal to 'realize' its 'potential' by allowing 'groundbreaking investments' by US food processing companies and, following a report by McKinsey on the prospects for agribusiness in the state, accelerating moves towards reorganising parts of agriculture around contract farming. 'The shift in rural economic/political relations is still underway and it has encountered some resistance. That is natural, since all change involves some dislocation. But once the advantages have become clear, the prospects will open up for floriculture, horticulture, and animal husbandry.
    • and Mark Milner, 'UK urges India to welcome in supermarkets', Guardian, 15 November 2005. Similarly, two years earlier, the US Consulate-General had urged West Bengal to 'realize' its 'potential' by allowing 'groundbreaking investments' by US food processing companies and, following a report by McKinsey on the prospects for agribusiness in the state, accelerating moves towards reorganising parts of agriculture around contract farming. 'The shift in rural economic/political relations is still underway and it has encountered some resistance. That is natural, since all change involves some dislocation. But once the advantages have become clear, the prospects will open up for floriculture, horticulture, and animal husbandry.
  • 69
    • 53449096636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • As the food processing industry grows, commercial possibilities will open up in areas like cold chain and logistics management.' Speech delivered by US Consul General George N Sibley to the Indo-American Chamber of Commerce, Kolkata, 11 December 2003, at http://calcutta.usconsulate.gov/121103.html, accessed 29 February 2008.
    • As the food processing industry grows, commercial possibilities will open up in areas like cold chain and logistics management.' Speech delivered by US Consul General George N Sibley to the Indo-American Chamber of Commerce, Kolkata, 11 December 2003, at http://calcutta.usconsulate.gov/121103.html, accessed 29 February 2008.
  • 73
    • 57849141201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensification of work-place regimes in British horticulture: The role of migrant workers
    • forthcoming
    • B Rogaly, 'Intensification of work-place regimes in British horticulture: The role of migrant workers', Population, Space and Place, forthcoming.
    • Population, Space and Place
    • Rogaly, B.1
  • 74
    • 53449088987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of UK horticulture
    • Promar International
    • Promar International, 'The future of UK horticulture', UK National Horticulture Forum, 2006.
    • (2006) UK National Horticulture Forum
  • 78
    • 53449086611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and S Scott, A Geddes, KB Nielsen & P Brindley, 'Gangmasters Licensing Authority annual review', Nottingham: Gangmasters Licensing Authority, 2007. According to the authors of these studies, the legislation applies to roughly 10% of temporary agency workers in the UK.
    • and S Scott, A Geddes, KB Nielsen & P Brindley, 'Gangmasters Licensing Authority annual review', Nottingham: Gangmasters Licensing Authority, 2007. According to the authors of these studies, the legislation applies to roughly 10% of temporary agency workers in the UK.
  • 79
    • 53449086218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Even the regulatory measures announced following the conclusion of the latest Competition Commission report on supermarket-supplier relations released on 15 February 2008 lacked teeth. See, accessed 29 February 2008
    • Even the regulatory measures announced following the conclusion of the latest Competition Commission report on supermarket-supplier relations released on 15 February 2008 lacked teeth. See http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/ shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/15_02_2008_Supply_Chain_Remedies%20.pdf, accessed 29 February 2008.
  • 80
    • 83455249538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speech at the Eden Project, Cornwall, 12 October, available at, accessed 29 April 2008
    • Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England, Speech at the Eden Project, Cornwall, 12 October 2004, available at http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/speeches/2004/speech229.pdf, accessed 29 April 2008.
    • (2004) Governor of the Bank of England
    • King, M.1
  • 84
    • 53449094156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • forthcoming
    • Rogaly, forthcoming.
    • Rogaly1
  • 85
    • 53449099825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speaking positions in global politics
    • available at
    • N Puwar, 'Speaking positions in global politics', Multitudes, 2004, available at http://multitudes.samizdat.net/article1321.html.
    • (2004) Multitudes
    • Puwar, N.1
  • 86
    • 53449098097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damning report on migrants delayed as government fears poll backlash
    • 3 February 2005, at
    • H Pai, 'Damning report on migrants delayed as government fears poll backlash', Guardian, 3 February 2005, at http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2005/feb/03/ immigrationasylumandrefugees.immigration andasylum.
    • Guardian
    • Pai, H.1
  • 87
    • 53449099424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examples of such challenges include actions by contract cleaners in London, and cross-sectoral action by undocumented migrant workers in the USA. J Wills, 'Making class politics possible: Organising contract cleaners in London', International Journal for Urban and Regional Research, forthcoming
    • Examples of such challenges include actions by contract cleaners in London, and cross-sectoral action by undocumented migrant workers in the USA. J Wills, 'Making class politics possible: Organising contract cleaners in London', International Journal for Urban and Regional Research, forthcoming
  • 88
    • 33748771472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aqui estamos y no nos vamos! Global capital and immigrant rights
    • and W Robinson, '"Aqui estamos y no nos vamos!" Global capital and immigrant rights', Race and Class, 48 (2), 2006, pp 77-91.
    • (2006) Race and Class , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-91
    • Robinson, W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.