Late respiratory effects of sulfur mustard: How is the early symptoms severity involved?

Chronic Respiratory Disease

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 95-100

  Ghanei, M ^a   Adibi, I ^a   Farhat, F ^a   Aslani, J ^a  

^a BAQIYATALLAH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Late complications; Mustard gas; Respiratory; Symptons severity

Indexed keywords

MUSTARD GAS; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; COUGHING; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DYSPNEA; EXPOSURE; GAS POISONING; HEMOPTYSIS; HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; LUNG COMPLICATION; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG FUNCTION TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RALE; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; WHEEZING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; MIDDLE AGED; SPIROMETRY;

ADULT; BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; MUSTARD GAS; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SPIROMETRY; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 53449099355     PISSN: 14799723     EISSN: 14799731     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1479972307087191     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. 1 United Nations Security Council.: Report of the mission dispatched by the Secretary General to investigate allegations of the use of chemical weapons in the conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq. S/19823. United Nations, New York, 1988.
2. Balali-Mood M Hefazi M. Comparison of early and late toxic effects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans. Basic Clini Pharmacol Toxicol 2006 ; 99: 273 - 282.
3. Khateri S Ghanei M Soroush M Haines D. Incidence of lung, eye and skin lesions as late complications in 34,000 Iranians with wartime exposure to mustard agent. J Occup Environ Med 2003 ; 452: 1136 - 1143.
4. Balali M Hefazi M. The pharmacology, toxicology, and medical treatment of sulphur mustard poisoning. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005 ; 19: 297-315.
5. 5 Sidell FR. Clinical notes on chemical casualty care. In: USAARMICD technical memorandum. U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense. Aberdeen Providing Ground, Aberdeen, 1990 ; pp. 90 - 91.
6. 6 Papirmeister B Feister AJ Robinson SI Ford RD. Medical defense against mustard gas: Toxic mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1991.
7. Sartin JS. Gulf war illnesses: cases and controversies. Mayo Clin Proc 2000 ; 75: 811 - 819.
8. www.gulflink.osd.mil/agent.html
9. Ghanei M Fathi H Mohammad M Aslani J Nematizadeh F. Long-term respiratory disorders of claimers with subclinical exposure to chemical warfare agents. Inhal Toxicol 2004 ; 16: 491 - 495.
10. McGuinness G Naidich DP. CT of airways disease and bronchiectasis. Radiol Clin North Am 2002 ; 40: 1 - 19.
11. Muller NL Bergin CJ Ostrow DN. Role of computed tomography in the recognition of bronchiectasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984 ; 143: 971 - 976.
12. Hansell DM. Bronchiectasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993 ; 160: 253 - 259.
13. Stem EJ Swensen SJ Hartman TE Frank MS. CT mosaic pattern of lung attenuation: distinguishing different causes. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995 ; 165: 813 - 816.
14. Webb WR Stern EJ Kanth N Gamsu G. Dynamic pulmonary CT: findings in healthy adult men. Radiology 1993 ; 186: 111 - 124.
15. American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995 ; 152: 1107 - 1136.
16. Golshan M Nematbakhsh M Amra B Crapo RO. Spirometric reference values in a large Middle Eastern population. Eur Respir J 2003 ; 22: 529 - 534.
17. Pauwels RA Buist AS Calverley PM Jenkins CR Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 163: 1256 - 1276.
18. McDuffie H Pahwa P Dosman JA. Respiratory health status of 3098 Canadian grain workers studied longitudinal. Am J Ind Med 1991 ; 20: 753 - 762.
19. Emad A Rezaian GR. The diversity of effects of sulfur mustard gas inhalation on respiratory system 10 years after a single, heavy exposure: Analysis of 197 cases. Chest 1997 ; 112: 734 - 738.
20. Hefazi M Attaran D Mahmoudi M Balali-Mood M. Late respiratory complications of mustard gas poisoning in Iranian veterans. Inhal Toxicol 2005 ; 17: 587 - 592.
21. Ghanei M Fathi H Mohammad MM Aslani J Nematizadeh F. Long-term respiratory disorders of claimers with subclinical exposure to chemical warfare agents. Inhal Toxicol 2004 ; 16: 491 - 495.
22. Bagheri MH Hosseini SK Mostafavi SH Alavi SA. High-resolution CT in chronic pulmonary changes after mustard gas exposure. Acta Radiol 2003 ; 44: 241 - 245.
23. Dompeling E Jobsis Q Vandevijver NM Wesseling G Hendriks H. Chronic bronchiolitis in a 5-yr-old child after exposure to sulphur mustard gas. Eur Respir J 2004 ; 23: 343 - 346.
24. Ghanei M Mokhtari M Mohammad MM Aslani J. Bronchiolitis obliterans following exposure to sulfur mustard: chest high resolution computed tomography. Eur J Radiol 2004 ; 52: 164 - 169.
25. Beheshti J Mark EJ Akbari H Ghanei M. Mustard lung secrets: long term clinicopathological study following mustard Gas exposure. Pathol Res Pract 2006 ; 202: 739 - 744.
26. Kraft M Mortenson RL Colby TV Newmann L Waldron JA King TE. Cryptogenic constrictive bronchiolitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993 ; 148: 1093 - 1101.
27. Thomason JW Rice TW Milstone AP. Bronchiolitis obliterans in a survivor of a chemical weapons attack. JAMA 2003 ; 290: 598 - 599.
28. 28 Selman M. Pulmonary fibrosis: human and experimental disease. In: M Rojkind, (ed) Focus on connective tissue on health and diseasey. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC ; 1989, pp. 123 - 188.
29. Antonidas HN Bravo Avila R Galonopoulus T Neville J Maxwell M Selman M. Platelet-derived growth factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 1990 ; 86: 1055 - 1064.
30. Blobe GC Schiemann WP Lodish HF. Role of transforming growth factor beta in human disease. N Engl J Med 2000 ; 342: 1350 - 1358.
31. Awad MR El-Gamel A Hasleton P Turner DM Sinnott PJ Hutchinson IV. Genotypic variation in the transforming growth factorbeta1 gene: association with TGF-beta1 production, fibrotic lung disease, and graft fibrosis after lung transplantation. Transplantation 1998 ; 66: 1014 - 1020.
32. Crouch E. Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 1990 ; 259: L159 - L184.
33. Eickelberg O Köhler E Reichenberger F Bertschin S Woodtli T Erne P. Extracellular matrix deposition by primary human lung fibroblasts in response to TGF-β1 and TGF-β3. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 1999 ; 276: L814 - L824.
34. Khalil N O'Connor RN Unruh HW Warren PW Flanders KC Kemp A. Increased production and immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991 ; 5: 155 - 162.
35. El-Gamel A Sim E Hasleton P Hutchinson J Yonan N Egan J. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and obliterative bronchiolitis following pulmonary transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999 ; 18: 828 - 837.
36. Aghanouri R Ghanei M Aslani J Keivani-Amine H Rastegar F Karkhane A. Fibrogenic cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage aspirates 15 years after exposure to sulfur mustard. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004 ; 287: 1160 - 1164.
37. Kehe K Szinicz L. Medical aspects of sulphur mustard poisoning. Toxicology 2005 ; 214: 198 - 209.