Modified Lagrangian-mean diagnostics of the stratospheric polar vortices. 2. Nitrous oxide and seasonal barrier migration in the cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer and SKYHI general circulation model

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 22, 1997, Pages

  Nakamura, Noboru ^a   Ma, Jun ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 5344259692     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jd02153     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Bowman, K. P., Large-scale isentropic mixing properties of the Antarctic polar vortex from analyzed winds, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23,013-23,017, 1993.
2. Butchart, N., and E. E. Remsberg, The area of the stratospheric polar vortex as a diagnostic for tracer transport on an isentropic surface, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1319-1339, 1986.
3. Charney, J. G., and P. G. Drazin, Propagation of planetary-scale disturbances from the lower into the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 83-110, 1961.
4. Chen, P., The permeability of the Antarctic vortex edge, J Geophys. Res., 99, 20,563-20,571, 1994.
5. Dahlberg, S. P., and K. P. Bowman, Climatology of large-scale isentropic mixing in the Arctic winter stratosphere from analyzed winds, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,585-20,599, 1994.
6. Edouard, S., B. Legras, and V. Zeitlin, The effect of dynamical mixing in a simple model of the ozone hole, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,771-16,778, 1996.
7. Eluszkiewicz, J., R. A. Plumb, and N. Nakamura, Dynamics of wintertime stratospheric transport in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory "SKYHI" general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,883-20,900, 1995.
8. Hamilton, K. P., Interannual variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter middle atmosphere in control and perturbed experiments with the SKYHI general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 44-66, 1995.
9. Hamilton, K. P., R. J. Wilson, J. D. Mahlman, and L. J. Umscheid, Climatology of the SKYHI troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 5-43, 1995.
10. Hess, P. G., Mixing processes following the final stratospheric warming, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1625-1641, 1991.
11. Hitchman, M., M. McKay, and C. R. Trepte, A climatology of stratospheric aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,689-20,700, 1994.
12. Holton, J. R., Meridional distribution of stratospheric trace constituents, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1238-1242, 1986.
13. Juckes, M. N., and M. E. McIntyre, A high-resolution, one-layer model of breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere, Nature, 328, 590-596, 1987.
14. Kida, H., General circulation of air parcels and transport characteristics derived from a hemispheric GCM, 2., Very long-term motions of air parcels in the troposphere and stratosphere, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 61, 510-523, 1983.
15. Mahlman, J. D., and L. J. Umscheid, Comprehensive modeling of the middle atmosphere: The influence of horizontal resolution, in Transport Processes in the Middle Atmosphere, edited by G. Visconti and R. Garcia, pp.251-266, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1987.
16. 2O: Predictions for other trace constituents, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2687-2707, 1986.
17. Manney, G. L., R. W. Zurek, A. O'Neal, and R. Swinbank, On the motion of air through the stratospheric polar vortex, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2973-2994, 1994.
18. McIntyre, M. E., How well do we understand the dynamics of stratospheric warmings?, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 60, 37-65, 1982.
19. McIntyre, M. E., Atmospheric dynamics: Some fundamentals, with observational implications, in The Use of EOS for Studies of Atmospheric Physics, edited by J. C. Gille and G. Visconti, pp.313-386, North-Holland, New York, 1992.
20. McIntyre, M. E., and T. N. Palmer, Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere, Nature, 305, 593-600, 1983.
21. McIntyre, M. E., and T. N. Palmer, The"surf zone" in the stratosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 825-849, 1984.
22. Nakamura, N., Modified Lagrangian-mean diagnostics of the stratospheric polar vortices, I., Formulation and analysis of GFDL SKYHI GCM, J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 2096-2108, 1995.
23. Nakamura, N., Two-dimensional mixing, edge formation, and permeability diagnosed in an area coordinate, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1524-1537, 1996.
24. Nakamura, N., Leaky containment vessels of air: A Lagrangian-mean approach to the stratospheric tracer transport, in Advances in Fluid Mechanics: Dynamics of Atmospheric Flows, part I, Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion Processes, edited by M. P. Singh and S. Raman, Comput. Mech. Publ., Ashurst, England, in press, 1997.
25. Nash, E. R., P. A. Newman, J. E. Rosenfield, and M. R. Schoeberl, An objective determination of the polar vortex using Ertel's potential vorticity, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9471-9478, 1996.
26. Norton, W. A., Breaking Rossby waves in a model stratosphere diagnosed by a vortex-following coordinate system and a technique for advecting material contours, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 654-673, 1994.
27. Pierce, R. B., and T. D. A. Fairlie, Chaotic advection in the stratosphere: Implications for the dispersal of chemically perturbed air from the polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 18,589-18,595, 1993.
28. Pierce, R. B., T. D. Fairlie, W. L. Grose, R. Swinbank, and A. O'Neil, Mixing processes within the polar night jet, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2957-2972, 1994.
29. Plumb, R. A., A "tropical pipe" model of stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3957-3972, 1996.
30. Plumb, R. A., and J. D. Mahlman, The zonally-averaged transport characteristics of the GFDL general circulation/transport model, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 262-270, 1987.
31. Plumb, R. A., D. W. Waugh, R. J. Atkinson, P. A. Newman, L. R. Lait, M. R. Schoeberl, E. V. Browel, A. J. Simmons, and M. Loewenstein, Intrusion into the lower stratospheric Arctic vortex during the winter of 1991-1992, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1089-1105, 1994.
32. Polvani, L. M., and R. A. Plumb, Rossby wave breaking, microbreaking, filamentation, and secondary vortex formation: the dynamics of a perturbed vortex, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 462-476, 1992.
33. Rhines, P. B., and W. R. Young, How rapidly is a passive scalar mixed within closed streamlines?, J. Fluid Mech., 133, 133-145, 1983.
34. 2O measurements by the cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9679-9710, 1996.
35. Rosenfield, J. E., P. A. Newman, and M. R. Schoeberl, Computations of diabatic descent in the stratospheric polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,677-16,689, 1994.
36. Schoeberl, M. R., and L. R. Lait, Conservative coordinate transformations for atmospheric measurements, in The Use of EOS for Studies of Atmospheric Physics, edited by J. C. Gille and G. Visconti, pp.419-430, North-Holland, New York, 1992.
37. Schoeberl, M. R., L. R. Lait, P. A. Newman, and J. E. Rosenfield, The structure of the polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7859-7882, 1992.
38. 2O measurements, 1., Polar winter stratospheric meteorology and tracer morphology, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,305-10,318, 1994a.
39. 2O measurements, 2., Tracer variability and diabatic meridional circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,319-10,332, 1994b.
40. Sutton, R. T., H. MacLean, R. Swinbank, A. O'Neil, and F. W. Taylor, High-resolution stratospheric tracer fields estimated from satellite observations using Lagrangian trajectory calculations, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2995-3005, 1994.
41. Tao, X., and A. F. Tuck, On the distribution of cold air near the vortex edge in the lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3431-3450, 1994.
42. Tung, K. K., On the two-dimensional transport of stratospheric trace gases in isentropic coordinates, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2230-2355, 1982.
43. Waugh, D. W., and R. A. Plumb, Contour advection with surgery: A technique for investigating fine scale structure in tracer transport, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 530-540, 1994.
44. Waugh, D. W., et al., Transport out of the lower stratospheric Arctic vortex by Rossby wave breaking, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1071-1088, 1994.
45. 2O in the GFDL SKYHI model, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1513-1528, 1995.