Government and the metropolitan image: Ministers, parliament and the concept of a capital city, 1840-1915

Art History

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 567-592

  Port, M H ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CITY PLANNING; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; ETHNOLOGY; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HEALTH; HISTORY; LEGAL ASPECT; POLICY; POLITICS; PUBLIC OPINION; REVIEW; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL STATUS; TAX; UNITED KINGDOM; URBAN POPULATION; URBANIZATION;

CITY PLANNING; FINANCING, CONSTRUCTION; FINANCING, GOVERNMENT; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; LONDON; POLITICS; PUBLIC OPINION; PUBLIC POLICY; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL CONDITIONS; TAXES; URBAN HEALTH; URBAN POPULATION; URBAN RENEWAL; URBANIZATION;

EID: 53349174367     PISSN: 01416790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8365.00176     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Fortnightly Review, vol. 72, (1899), p. 523.
2. Sir J.H. Briggs (ed. Lady Briggs), Naval Administrations 1827 to 1892: the experience of 65 years (1897), p. 163. (Briggs was chief clerk of the Admiralty.) I am grateful to Professor Paul Smith for this reference.
3. H. Roseveare, The Treasury (1969), pp. 199-202;
4. H. Parris, Constitutional Bureaucracy (1969), pp. 253-5;
5. M. Wright, Treasury Control of the Civil Service 1854-1874 (Oxford, 1969), chap. 15 - somewhat contrary to the run of Dr Wright's conclusions, the Treasury did exercise control over the Office of Works.
6. N. Longmate, King Cholera (1966), pp. 95-6, 168ff.
7. Parliamentary Papers (hereafter PP) 1837-8 (661) XVI.
8. According to Disraeli, Lord Redesdale, Memories (1915), vol. 2, pp. 694-5.
9. Survey of London, XXXIX, The Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair (1977), pp. 48-66.
10. Cited, in K. Young and P.L. Garside, Metropolitan London (1982), p. 20.
11. Cited in P.J. Waller, Town, City and Nation. England 1850-1914 (Oxford & New York, 1983), p. 58.
12. D. Owen, The Government of Victorian London 1855-1889 (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1982), chaps 2 and 3.
13. Henry Thornton's expression, 1802, cited D. Kynaston, The City of London, vol. 1 (1994), p. 9.
14. W.A. Robson, The Government and Misgovernment of London (1939), p. 156.
15. Disraeli in particular using the occasion adeptly, see W.F. Monypenny and G.E. Buckle, Life of Benjamin Disraeli (1929), vol. 2, pp. 691, 888, 965, 1064, 1262, 1373. Gladstone, who introduced speech-making all over the country, used the City only occasionally, perhaps because the 'relationship between the City and Gladstone had long been difficult'
16. (Kynaston, City, op. cit. [note 11], vol. 1, p. 371).
17. J. Morley, Life of William Ewart Gladstone (1903), Chronology.
18. N. Gash, Sir Robert Peel (1972), p. 98.
19. I. Doolittle, The Mercers' Company 1579-1959 (1994), p. 183.
20. J.F.B. Firth, Reform of London Government and of the City Guilds (1888), II.
21. For reform of the City's parochial charities, see V. Belcher, The City Parochial Foundation 1891-1991 (Aldershot, 1991), part 1.
22. Waller, The City Parochial Foundation 1891-1991, op. cit. (note 9), p. 57.
23. For City action affecting parliamentary proceedings, see Saturday Review, 31 March 1883, p. 391
24. cited in Young and Garside,For City Action Affecting Parliamentary Proceedings, op. cit. (note 8), p. 48 (see also 49-51);
25. Firth, Reform of London Government, op. cit. (note 17), chap.l.
26. J. Summerson, Life and Work of John Nash, Architect (1980), pp. 87-8. It was true that Parliament had only voted £600,000 of the total, and that there was an income offset of £173,354, but the aura of extravagance hung undispersably over the great street.
27. 5th Report of Commissioners of Woods & Forests, 1826.
28. The assured income of £15,000 p. a. was only a third of that Nash had promised them in 1811, A. Saunders, Regent's Park (Newton Abbot, 1971), p. 102.
29. Summerson, Nash, Regent's Park, op. cit. (note 19), p. 182.
30. The Times, 6 January 1830.
31. M.H. Port (ed.), Houses of Parliament (New Haven & London, 1976), pp. 20-4.
32. J.M. Crook and M.H. Port, History of the King's Works, VI, 1782-1851 (1973), pp. 204-6, 209-10;
33. 'Watchman', Builder, 26 January 1850, p. 39, referred to the constant 'begrudging on the part of the Legislature the sums needed' for erecting public works.
34. G. Tyack, Sir James Pennethorne and the making of Victorian London (Cambridge, 1992), p. 45.
35. Cited, Tyack,Sir James Pennethorne and the Making of Victorian London, op. cit. (note 25), p. 47.
36. cited in A. Saunders (ed.), The Royal Exchange, 1997, p. 281.
37. This provoked a row between the City and the Treasury, because the former feared that the Treasury might impose extravagant plans; see Saunders, The Royal Exchange, ibid., pp. 280-2.
38. Tyack,The Royal Exchange, op. cit. (note 25), p. 54.
39. Third Report of s.c. on Metropolitan Local Government, PP 1867 (301) XII, q. 152;
40. Report of s.c. on the Artizans' Dwellings Act, PP 1882 (235) VII, qq. 528, 529, 584.
41. Lord Elcho, leading a deputation to the prime minister, remarked that he 'knew the patience of the House of Commons had been worn out by the enormous expenditure' on the Houses of Parliament, Builder, 6 August 1859.
42. The Times, 27 May 1856.
43. W.H. White, Architecture and Public Buildings (1884), 165ff.; PP 1868-69 (387) X, 2nd Report of s.c. on Hungerford Bridge ... Viaduct, q. 3448.
44. M.H. Port, Imperial London (New Haven and London, 1995), p. 62.
45. PP 1863 (483) IX, Report of s.c. on Miscellaneous Expenditure, iv, qq. 1365-6. The existing duties of the First Commissioner should be executed by another minister in the Commons.
46. J. Vincent (ed.), Disraeli, Derby and the Conservative Party. Journals and Memoirs of Edward Henry, Lord Stanley, 1849-1869 (Hassocks, 1978), p. 199.
47. 3rd series, Parliamentary Debates (hereafter 3PD), 160, 1360 (16 August 1860).
48. H.C.G. Matthew, 'Disraeli, Gladstone and the Politics of mid-Victorian Budgets', Historical Journal 1979, pp. 615 ff., esp. 632-3, 637.
49. Fraser's Magazine, vol. 69 (February 1864), p. 182.
50. 1802-67. Marylebone from 1837); created bart. 1838, Baron Llanover 1859. President Board of Health 1854-5, First Commissioner of Works 1855-8.
51. D. Owen, Government of Victorian London, op. cit (note 10), p. 31-8.
52. Port, Imperial London, op. cit. (note 39), chaps 13-15.
53. 1820-87. Youngest son of Thomas Hope, collector and writer on architecture. Conservative MP 1841-52, 1857-9, 1865-d. A patron of the Gothic Revival; co-proprietor, Saturday Review from 1855; President RIBA 1865-8.
54. [A.J.B. Beresford Hope], 'Shall we save London', Saturday Review, 4 October 1856, p. 500;
55. A.J.B. Beresford Hope, Public Offices and Metropolitan Improvements (1857), pp. 4-5.
56. P. Guedalla (ed.), The Palmerston Papers: Gladstone and Palmerston ... correspondence ... 1851-1865 (1928), no. 137, Gladstone to Palmerston, 19 July 1861.
57. D.B. Brownlee, The Law Courts. The Architecture of George Edmund Street (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1984), pp. 70-6.
58. 1817-94. Liberal MP 1852-7, 1860-9
59. undersecretary, Foreign Affairs, 1853, 1861-6; First Commissioner December 1868-October 1869; diplomatist 1869-80. GCB 1878. Excavated Nimrud (believed to be Nineveh) and published account; collector and writer on pictorial art.
60. See also Layard's remarks to the RIBA, November 1868, RIBA Sessional Papers, 1868-69, pp. 11-12.
61. M.H. Port, 'A Contrast in Styles at the Office of Works', Historical Journal, 27 (1984), p. 160. Layard was also unjustly accused of having a financial interest in the mosaic commission.
62. G. Shaw Lefevre, 'Public Works in London', Nineteenth Century, 1882, pp. 667-86.
63. G. Shaw Lefevre, 'Public Buildings in London', Nineteenth Century, 1888, p. 718.
64. PP 1884-5 (166) XIII, Report of s.c. on Westminster Hall Restoration.
65. and C. Miele, 'The Battle for Westminster Hall', Architectural History, 41 (1998), pp. 220-44.
66. F. Barker and R. Hyde, London as it might have been (1982), pp. 150-3.
67. G. Shaw Lefevre, Nineteenth Century, op. cit. (note 84), p. 710.
68. Quoted, H.H. Statham, 'The Proposed New Government Offices', Fortnightly Review, 66 (1896), p. 884.
69. D. Brooks, The Destruction of Lord Rosebery (1987), p. 262.
70. 'Mr Shaw-Lefevre as an Aedile', Murray's Magazine, vol. 5, (1889), pp. 82-4.
71. 'How our Public Improvements are carried out', Fortnightly Review, 38 (1882), p. 816.
72. 'The Proposed New Government Offices', Fortnightly Review, 66 (1896), p. 893.
73. H.H. Statham, 'London as a Jubilee City', National Review, 29 (1897), pp. 594-603.
74. A. Saint, Richard Norman Shaw (New Haven and London, 1976), p. 374.
75. H. Hobhouse, A History of Regent Street (1975), chap. 4.
76. Saint, Shaw,A History of Regent Street, ibid., p. 386.
77. H. Hobhouse, Regent Street, A History of Regent Street, op. cit. (note 100), pp. 122-6.