Unintended impact of psychiatric safe rooms in emergency departments: The experiences of suicidal males with substance use disorders

Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 264-273

  Strike, Carol ^a   Rufo, Claire ^a   Spence, Julie ^b   Links, Paul ^b   Bergmans, Yvonne ^b   Ball, Jeff ^b   Rhodes, Anne E ^b   Watson, William ^b   Eynan, Rahel ^b  

^a St Michael's Hospital

^b CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Emergency department; Males; Psychiatric assessment rooms; Seclusion; Suicide

Indexed keywords

EID: 53349171700     PISSN: 14743310     EISSN: 14743329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brief-treatment/mhn007     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Allen, M. H., Carpenter, D., Sheets, J. L., Miccio, S., & Ross, R. (2003). What do consumers say they want and need during a psychiatric emergency? Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 9, 39-58.
2. Allen, M. H., & Currier, G. W. (2004). Use of restraints and pharmacotherapy in academic psychiatric emergency services. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26, 42-49.
3. Bernstein, D., & Fink, L. (1998). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
4. Binder, R. L., & McCoy, S. M. (1983). A study of patients' attitudes toward placement in seclusion Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 34 1052-1056.
5. Blank, F. S., Keyes, M., Maynard, A. M., Provost, D., & Santoro, J. P. (2004). A humane ED seclusion/restraint: Legal requirements, a new policy, procedure, "psychiatric advocate" role. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 30, 42-46.
6. Brown, R. L. (1992). Identification and office management of alcohol and drug disorders. In M. F. Fleming, Barry, K. L. (Eds). Addictive Disorders, St. Louis: Mosby yearbook.
7. Busch, A. B., & Shore, M. F. (2000). Seclusion and restraint: A review of recent literature. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 8, 261-270.
8. Clarke, D. E., Hughes, L., & Brown, A. M. (2005). Psychiatric emergency nurses in the emergency department: The success of the Winnipeg, Canada, experience. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 31, 351-356.
9. Coccaro, E. F., Kavoussi, R. J., Sheline, Y. I., Lish, J. D., & Csernansky, J. G. (1996). Impulsive aggression in personality disorder: Correlates with 3H-paroxetine binding in the platelet. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 531-536.
10. The Code of Federal Regulations; Title 42, Part 482.13. 2003 (chap. IV).
11. Comtois, K. A., & Linehan, M. M. (1999). Lifetime Parasuicide Count: Description and psychometrics. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Conference of the American Association of Suicidology, Houston, TX.
12. Derlet, R., Richards, J., & Kravitz, R. (2001). Frequent overcrowding in U.S. emergency departments. Academy of Emergency Medicine, 8, 151-155.
13. Fisher, W. A. (1994). Restraint and seclusion: A review of the literature. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1584-1591.
14. Friedman, T., Newton, C., Coggan, C., Hooley, S., Patel, R., Pickard, M., et al. (2006). Predictors of A&E staff attitudes to self-harm patients who use self-laceration: Influence of previous training and experience. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60, 273-277.
15. Government of Ontario. Mental Health Act. R.S.O. 1990 (chap. M.7). Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/ English/90m07_e.htm.
16. Hickey, L., Hawton, K., Fagg, J., & Weitzel, H. (2001). Deliberate self-harm patients who leave the accident and emergency department without a psychiatric assessment: A neglected population at risk of suicide. Journal Psychosomatic Research, 50, 87-93.
17. Lofland, J., & Lofland, L. (1995). Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis (3rd ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
18. Mackay, N., & Barrowclough, C. (2005). Accident and emergency staff's perceptions of deliberate self-harm: Attributions, emotions and willingness to help. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 255-267.
19. Martinez, R. J., Grimm, M., & Adamson, M. (1999). From the other side of the door: Patients views of seclusion. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Serices, 37, 13-22.
20. McCann, T., Clark, E., McConnachie, S., & Harvey, I. (2006). Accident and emergency nurses' attitudes towards patients who self-harm. Accident and Emergency Nursing, 14, 4-10.
21. Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. QSR N6 (2002). QSR International.
22. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (1995). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
23. Sheridan, M., Henrion, R., Robinson, L., & Baxter, V. (1990). Precipitants of violence in a psychiatric inpatient setting. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 41, 776-780.
24. Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1995). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
25. Strauss, A., & Corbin, A. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedure and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
26. Strike, C., Rhodes, A., Bergmans, Y., & Links, P. (2006). Fragmented pathways to care: The experiences of suicidal men. Crisis, 27, 31-38.
27. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., Ryan, D. P., & Parker, J. D. (1990). Validation of the alexithymia construct: A measurement-based approach. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 290-297.
28. Zun, L. S., & Downey, L. (2005). The use of seclusion in emergency medicine. General Hospital Psychiatry, 27, 365-371.