Reducing coronary risk by raising HDL-cholesterol: Risk modelling the addition of nicotinic acid to existing therapy

Current Medical Research and Opinion

Volumn 24, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 2703-2709

  Belsey, Jonathan ^a,b   de Lusignan, Simon ^a   van Vlymen, Jeremy ^a   Chan, Tom ^a   Hague, Nigel ^a  

^a ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b JB Medical Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Coronary heart disease; Coronary risk; Disease modelling; HDL C

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NICOTINIC ACID;

ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG SAFETY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; UNITED KINGDOM;

CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CORONARY DISEASE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; NIACIN; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 53349151434     PISSN: 03007995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1185/03007990802374633     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Wood D, Wray R, Poulter N, et al.; for JBS2. Joint British Societies guidelines on prevention of CVD in clinical practice. Heart 2005;91 (Suppl V):V1-V52
2. International Atherosclerosis Society. Harmonized clinical guidelines on prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. March 2003.
3. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005;366:1267-78
4. Kannel WB, Wilson PWF. Efficacy of lipid profiles in prediction of coronary disease. Am Heart J 1992;124:768-74
5. Koro CE, Bowlin SJ, Stump TE, et al. The independent correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent major adverse coronary events. Am Heart J 2006;151:755e1-755e6
6. Superko HR, King S III. Lipid management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a new strategy is required. Circulation 2008;117:560-8
7. Coronary Drug Project Research Group. Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. J Am Med Assoc 1975;231:360-81
8. Carlson LA. Nicotinic acid: the broad-spectrum lipid drug. A 50th anniversary review. J Intern Med 2005;258:94-114
9. Pike NB. Flushing out the role of GPR109A (HM74A) in the clinical efficacy of nicotinic acid. J Clin Invest 2005;115:3400-3
10. McKenney J. New perspectives on the use of niacin in the treatment of lipid disorders. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:697-705
11. Backes JM, Gibson CA, Howard PA. Optimal lipid modification: the rationale for combination therapy. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2005:317-31
12. Rubenfire M. Safety and compliance with once-daily niacin extended-release/lovastatin as initial therapy in the Impact of Medical Subspecialty on Patient Compliance to Treatment (IMPACT) study. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:306-11
13. Paolini JF, Mitchel YB, Reyes R, et al. Effects of laropiprant on nicotinic acid-induced flushing in patients with dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 2008;101:625-30
14. HPS-2/THRIVE: http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/pressreleases/2006-05-31/ hps2-thrive-press-release [Accessed 30/01/2008]
15. AIM-HIGH: http://accelerator.axioresearch.com/aim-high/ [Accessed 30/01/ 2008]
16. NHS. Connecting for Health: MIQUEST. http://www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk/systemsandservices/data/miquest [Accessed 30/01/2008]
17. van Vlymen J. de Lusignan S. A system of metadata to control the process of query, aggregating, cleaning and analysing large datasets of primary care data. Inform Prim Care 2005;13:281-91
18. van Vlymen J, de Lusignan S, Hague N, et al. Ensuring the quality of aggregated general practice data: lessons from the Primary Care Data Quality Programme (PCDQ). Stud Health Technol Inform 2005;116:1010-5
19. de Lusignan S, Belsey J, Hague N, et al. Audit-based education to reduce suboptimal management of cholesterol in primary care: a before and after study, J Public Health (Oxf) 2006; 28:361-9
20. D'Agostino RB, Russell MW, Huse DM, et al. Primary and subsequent coronary risk appraisal: New results from the Framingham study. Am Heart J 2000;139:272-81
21. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson PW, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J 1991;121:293-98
22. D'Agostino Sr RB, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008;117:743-53
23. Joint British Societies Cardiovascular Risk Assessor. http://www.access2information.org:80/health/cvra/ [Accessed 04/02/2008]
24. Tunstall-Pedoe H. The Dundee coronary risk-disk for management of change in risk factors. Br Med J 1991;303:744-7
25. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987-1003
26. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, et al. Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. Br Med J 2007;335:136-41
27. Woodward M, Brindle P, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Adding social deprivation and family history to cardiovascular risk assessment: the ASSIGN score from the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC). Heart 2007;93:172-6
28. Reynolds RF, Obermeyer CM. Age at natural menopause in Spain and the United States: results from the DAMES project. Am J Hum Biol 2005;17:331-40
29. McKenney J. New perspectives on the use of niacin in the treatment of lipid disorders. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:697-705
30. Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation 1989;79:8-15
31. Karas RH, Kashyap ML, Knopp RH, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of a combination of niacin extended release and simvastatin in patients with dyslipidemia: the OCEANS study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2008;8:69-81
32. Guyton JR, Brown BG, Fazio S, et al. Lipid-altering efficacy and safety of ezetimibe/simvastatin coadministered with extended-release niacin in patients with type IIa or type l1b hyperlipidemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:1564-72
33. Kamal-Bahl SJ, Burke T, Watson D, et al. Discontinuation of lipid modifying drugs among commercially insured United States patients in recent clinical practice. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:530-4
34. Avorn J, Monette J, Lacour A, et al. Persistence of use of lipid-lowering medications: a cross-national study. J Am Med Assoc 1998;279:1458-62
35. LaFleur J, Thompson CJ, Joish VN, et al. Adherence and persistence with single-dosage form extended-release niacin/lovastatin compared with statins alone or in combination with extended-release niacin. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:1274-9
36. Compendium of Clinical and Health Indicators. Clinical and health outcomes knowledge base. National statistics 2007. http://tinyurl.com/ 5199g4 [Accessed 08/04/08]
37. World Health Organization 2004. Age-standardized death rates from CHD, adults age 0 to 64, by sex, 1972-2005 Europe. http://tinyurl.com/5kh38b [Accessed 08/04/08]
38. Voss R, Cullen P, Schulte H, et al. Prediction of risk of coronary events in middle-aged men in the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster Study (PROCAM) using neural networks. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1253-62
39. Brindle P, Emberson J, Lampe F, et al. Predictive accuracy of the Framingham coronary risk score in British men: prospective cohort study. Br Med J 2003;327:1267-70
40. Giavarina D, Barzon E, Cigolini M, et al. Comparison of methods to identify individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease in Italian cohorts. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007;17:311-8
41. Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Cardiovascular risk prediction tools for populations in Asia. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007;61:115-21
42. Brindle PM, McConnachie A, Upton MN, et al. The accuracy of the Framingham risk-score in different socioeconomic groups: a prospective study. Br J Gen Pract 2005;55:838-45
43. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Woodward M. By neglecting deprivation, cardiovascular risk scoring will exacerbate social gradients in disease. Heart 2006;92:307-10
44. Luc G, Bard JM, Ferrieres J, et al. Value of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, lipoprotein A-I, and lipoprotein A-I/A-II in prediction of coronary heart disease: the PRIME Study. Prospective epidemiological study of myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:1155-61