Geodynamic evolution of the European Variscan fold belt: Palaeomagnetic and geological constraints

International Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 86, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 585-598

  Tait, J A ^a   Bachtadse, V ^a   Franke, W ^b   Soffel, H C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Armorica; Avalonia; Palaeogeography; Palaeomagnetism; Variscan fold belt

Indexed keywords

EID: 53249103741     PISSN: 14373254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Achab A, Betrand R, Van Grootel G (1991) Chitinozoan contribution to the Ordovician and Lower Silurian paleobiogeography. J Geol 100:621-629
2. Anderle H-J, Franke W, Schwab M (1995) III.C.1 Stratigraphy. In: Dallmeyer RD, Franke W, Weber K (eds) Pre-Permian geology of central and eastern Europe. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 99-107
3. Bachtadse V (1990) Hercynian palaeomagnetism of Europe: arguments for large-scale complex thin-skinned and thick-skinned rotations. Cuadernos Geol Iberica 12:147-162
4. Bachtadse V, Van der Voo R (1986) Paleomagnetic evidence for crustal and thin-skinned rotations in the European Hercynides. Geophys Res Lett 13:161-164
5. Bachtadse V, Briden JC (1990) Paleomagnetic constraints on the position of Gondwana during Ordovician to Devonian times. In: McKerrow WS, Scotese CR (eds) Palaeozoic biogeography and palaeobiogeography. Mem Geol Soc Lond 12:43-48
6. Bachtadse V, Briden JC (1991) Palaeomagnetism of Devonian ring complexes from the Bayuda Desert, Sudan: new constraints on the apparent polar wander path for Gondwanaland. Geophys J Int 104:635-646
7. Bachtadse V, Heller F, Kröner A (1983) Paleomagnetic investigations in the Hercynian mountain belt of central and western Europe. Tectonophysics 91:285-299
8. Bachtadse V, Van der Voo R, Halbich IW (1987) Paleozoic paleomagnetism of the western Cape fold belt, South Africa. Earth Planet Sci Lett 84:487-499
9. Bachtadse V, Torsvik TH, Tait JA, Soffel HC (1995) X Paleomagnetic constraints on the paleogeographic evolution of Europe during the Paleozoic. In: Dallmeyer RD, Franke W, Weber K (eds) Pre-Permian geology of central and eastern Europe. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 567-578
10. Bassett MG (1985) Silurian stratigraphy and facies development in Scandinavia. In: Gee DG, Sturt BA (eds) The Caledonian orogen: Scandinavia and related areas. Wiley, Chichester, pp 283-292
11. Bernard-Griffiths J, Le Métour J (1979) Age (limite Ordovicien-Silurien) de mise-en-place du massif hypovolcanique de Thouars (Massif Vendéen): Imülications géologiques. Bulletin du Bureau du Rechérches Géologique et Mineralogique 2e Série, sect. 1, 4, pp 365-371
12. Berdan JM (1990) The Silurian and Early Devonian biogeography of ostracodes in North America. In: McKerrow WS, Scotese CR (eds) Palaeozoic biogeography and palaeobiogeography. Mem Geol Soc Lond 12:223-231
13. Behr H-J, Engel W, Franke W, Giese P, Weber K (1984) The Variscan belt in Central Europe: main structures, geodynamic implications, open questions. Tectonophysics 109:15-40
14. Beuf S, Biju-Duval B, Charpal O de, Rognon P, Gariel O, Bennacef A (1971) Les grès du Paléozoique inférieur au Sahara. Sédimentation et discontinuité. Evolution structurale d'un craton. Edition Technip, Paris
15. Bonhommet N, Cobbold NR, Perroud H, Richardson A (1981) Palaeomagnetism and cross-folding in a key area of the Asturian arc (Spain). J Geophys Res 86: 1873-1887
16. Brenchley PJ (1984) Late Ordovician extinctions and their relationship to the Gondwana glaciation. In: Brenchley PJ (eds) Fossils and climate. Wiley, Chichester, pp 291-327
17. Brenchley PJ, Romano M, Young TP, Storch P (1991) Hirnantian glaciomarine diamictites: evidence for the spread of glaciation and its effect on Upper Ordovician faunas. In: Barnes CR (eds) Advances in Ordovician geology. Geol Surv Can Pap 90-9:325-336
18. Brenchley PJ, Marshall JD, Carden GAF, Robertson DBR, Long DGF, Meidla T, Hints L, Anderson TF (1994) Bathymetric and isotopic evidence for a short lived Late Ordovician glaciation in a greenhouse period. Geology 22:295-298
19. Burchette TP (1981) European Devonian reefs: a review of current concepts and models. SEPM Spec Publ 30:85-142
20. Channell JET, McCabe C (1992) Paleomagnetic data from the Borrowdale volcanic group (English Lake District): volcano-tectonics and Late Ordovician paleolatitudes. J Geol Soc Lond 149:881-888
21. Channell JET, McCabe C, Woodcock (1992) Early Devonian (pre-Acadian) magnetization directions in Lower Old Red Sandstone of south Wales (UK). Geophysical J Int 108:883-894
22. Cocks LRM, Fortey RA (1990) Biogeography of Ordovician and Silurian faunas. 12, pp 97-104
23. Cogné J-P (1988) Strain, magnetic fabric, and palaeomagnetism of the deformed red beds of the Pont-Rean formation, Brittany, France. J Geophys Res 93:13673-13687
24. Copper P (1986) Frasnian/Famennian mass extinction and cold water oceans. Geology 14:835-839
25. Cooper AH, Millward D, Johnson EW, Soper NJ (1993) The early palaeozoic evolution of northwest England. Geol Mag 130:711-724
26. Crowley TJ, Baum SK, Hyde WT (1991) Climate model comparison of Gondwanan and Laurentide glaciations. J Geophys Res 96:9217-9226
27. Douglass DN (1988) Palaeomagnetics of Ringerike Old Red Sandstone and related rocks, southern Norway: implications for pre-Carboniferous separation of Baltica and British terranes. Tectonophysics 148:11-27
28. Dörr W, Franke W, Kramm U (1989) U/Pb-Daten von Zirkonen klastischer Sedimente - Beiträge zur Entwicklung der Böhmischen Masse. KTB Rep 89-3:351
29. Duff BA (1979) The palaeomagnetism of Cambro-Ordovician red-beds, the Erquy Spilite series, and the Trégastel-Ploumanac'h granite complex, Armorican massif (France and the Channel Islands). Geophys J R Astron Soc 59:345-365
30. Eldredge S, Bachtadse V, Van der Voo R (1985) Paleomagnetism and the oroclinal hypothesis. Tectonophysics 119:153-179
31. Engel W, Franke W, Grote C, Weber K, Ahrendt H, Eder FW (1983) Nappe tectonics in the southeastern part of the Rhenisches Schiefergebirge. In: Martin H, Eder FW (eds) Intracontinental foldbelts. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 267-287
32. Faller AM, Briden JC, Morris WA (1977) Palaeomagnetic results from the Borrowdale volcanic group, English Lake District. Geophys J R Astron Soc 48:111-121
33. Feist R, Echtler H (1990) Biostratigraphy and sedimentary dynamics of southern Massif Central. In: Keppie D (eds) Pre-Mesozoic terranes in France and related areas. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
34. Finger F, Quadt A (1995) U-Pb ages of zircons from a plagiogranite-gneiss in the southeastern Bohemian massif, Austria: further evidence for an important early Palaeozoic rifting episode in the eastern Variscides. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 75:265-270
35. Floyd PA (1984) Geochemical characteristics and comparison of the basic rocks of the Lizard complex and the basaltic lavas within the Hercynian throughs of SW England. J Geol Soc Lond 141:61-70
36. Floyd PA (1995) III.B.3 Igneous activity. In: Dallmeyer RD, Franke W, Weber K (eds) Pre-Permian geology of central and eastern Europe. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 59-81
37. Franke W (1989) Tectonostratigraphic units in the Variscan belt of central Europe. In: Dallmeyer RD (eds) Terranes in the circum-Atlantic Palaeozoic orogens. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 230:67-90
38. Franke W, Engel W (1986) Synorogenic sedimentation in the Variscan belt of Europe. Bull Soc Géol France 1:25-33
39. Franke W, Onken O (1995) Zur prädevonischen Geschichte des Rhenohercynischen Beckens. Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 71 291:53-72
40. Franke W, Dallmeyer D, Weber K (1995) Geodynamic evolution. In: Dallmeyer RD, Franke W, Weber K (eds) Pre-Permian geology of central and eastern Europe. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 579-593
41. Hailwood EA (1974) Palaeomagnetism of the Msissi Norite (Morocco) and the Palaeozoic reconstruction of Gondwanaland. Earth Planet Sci Lett 23:376-386
42. Holder MT, Leveridge BE (1986) Correlation of the Rhenohercynian Variscides. J Geol Soc Lond 143:141-147
43. Hirt AM, Lowrie W, Julivert M, Arboleya ML (1992) Paleomagnetic results in support of a model for the origin of the Asturian arc. Tectonophysics 213:321-339
44. Hurley NF, Van der Voo R (1987) Paleomagnetism of Upper Devonian reefal limestones, Canning basin, western Australia. Geol Soc Am Bull 98:138-146
45. Johnson RJE, Van der Voo R (1990) Pre-folding magnetization reconfirmed for the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Dunn Point volcanics, Nova Scotia. Tectonophysics 178:193-205
46. Jones M, Van der Voo R, Bonhommet N (1979) Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous palaeomagnetic poles from the Armorican massif, France. Geophys J R Astron Soc 58:287-308
47. Julivert M (1971) Decollement tectonics in the Hercynian Cordillera of northwestern Spain. Am J Sci 270:1-29
48. Julivert M, Arboleya ML (1984) A geometrical and kinematical approach to the nappe structure in an arcuate fold belt: the Cantabrian nappes (Hercynian chain, NW Spain). J Struct Geol 6:499-519
49. Julivert M, Arboleya ML (1986) Areal balancing and estimate of areal reduction in a thin-skinned fold and thrust belt (Cantabrian zone, Northwest Spain). J Struct Geol 8:407-414
50. Julivert M, Marcos A (1973) Superimposed folding under flexural conditions in the Cantabrian zone (Hercynian cordillera, northwest Spain). Am J Sci 273:353-375
51. Julivert M, Martinez FJ (1987) The structure and evolution of the Hercynian fold belt in the Iberian Peninsula. In: Schaer JP, Rodgers J (eds) The anatomy of mountain belts. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 65-103
52. Kokelaar BP, Howells MF, Bevins RE, Roach RE, Dunkley PN (1984) The Ordovician marginal basin of Wales. In: Kokelaar BP, Howells MF (eds) Marginal basin geology, volcanic and associated sedimentary and tectonic processes in modern and ancient oceanic basins. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 16:245-269
53. Kössler P, Schätz M, Soffel H, Tait J, Bachtadse V, Linnemann U (1996) New Palaeomagnetic results from Lower Palaeozoic sequences in the Thuringer Wald, Saxo-Thuringia. Annales Geophys EGS (abstr) 14 (1):C86
54. Krs M, Krsova M, Pruner P, Havlicek V (1986) Paleomagnetism, paleogeography and multicomponent analysis of magnetization of Ordovician rocks from the Barrandian area of the Bohemian massif. Sbor Geol Ved 20:9-45
55. Krs M, Krsova M, Pruner P, Chvojka R, Havlicek V (1987) Palaeomagnetism, palaeogeography and the multicomponent analysis of Middle and Upper Cambrian rocks of the Barrandian in the Bohemian massif. Tectonophysics 139:1-20
56. Lorenz V (1976) Formation of Hercynian subplates, possible causes and consequences. Nature 262:374-377
57. Lorenz V, Nicholls IA (1984) Plate and intraplate processes of Hercynian Europe during the Late Palaeozoic. Tectonophysics 107:25-56
58. Lowrie W, Hirt AM (1986) Palaeomagnetism and arcuate mountain belts. In: Wezel FC (eds) The origin of arcs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 141-158
59. McCabe C, Channell JET (1990) Paleomagnetic results from volcanic rocks of the Shelve inlier, Wales: evidence for a wide Late Ordovician Iapetus ocean in Britain. Earth Planet Sci Lett 96:458-469
60. McKerrow WS, Ziegler AM (1972) Palaeozoic oceans. Nature Phys Sci 240:92-94
61. McKerrow WS, Cocks LRM (1986) Ocean, island arcs and olistostromes: the use of fossils in distinguishing sutures, terranes and environments around the Iapetus ocean. J Geol Soc Lond 143:185-191
62. McKerrow WS, Dewey JF, Scotese CF (1991) The Ordovician and Silurian development of the Iapetus Ocean. Palaeontology 44: 165-178
63. MacNiocall C, Smethurst M (1994) Palaeozoic palaeogeography of Laurentia and its margins: a reassessment of palaeomagnetic data. Geophys J Int 116:715-725
64. Matte P (1986) Tectonic and plate tectonics model for the Variscan belt of Europe. Tectonophysics 177:25-56
65. Matte P (1991) Accretionary history and crustal evolution of the Variscan belt in western Europe. Tectonophysics 196:309-337
66. Matte P, Ribiero A (1975) Forme et orientation de l''ellipsoide de déformation dans la virgation hercynienne de Galice. Rélations avec le plissement et hypothèse sur la génèse de l'arc Ibero-armoricaine. Académie des Sciences Comptes Rendus 280: 2825-2828
67. Matte P, Maluski H, Rajlich P, Franke W (1990) Terrane boundaries in the Bohemian massif: result of large-scale Variscan shearing. Tectonophysics 177:151-170
68. Medaris LG, Beard BL, Johnson CM, Valley JW, Spicuzza MJ, Jelínek E, Mísǎr Z (1995) Garnet pyroxenite and eclogite in the Bohemian massif: geochemical evidence for Variscan recycling of subducted lithosphere. Geol Rundsch 84:489-505
69. Oliver GJH, Corfu F, Krogh TE (1993) U-Pb ages from SW Poland: evidence for a Caledonian suture zone between Baltica and Gondwana. J Geol Soc Lond 150:355-368
70. Owen AW, Harper DAT, Jia-yu R (1991) Hirnantian trilobites and brachiopods in space and time. In: Barnes CR, Williams SH (eds) Ordovician geology. Geol Survey Canada, pp 179-190
71. Pedder AEH, Oliver W (1990) Rugose coral distribution as a test of Devonian palaeogeographic models. In: McKerrow WS, Scotese CR (eds) Palaeozoic biogeography and palaeobiogeography. Mem Geol Soc Lond 12:267-275
72. Pérez-Estaún A, Bastida F, Alonsa JL, Marquínez J, Aller J, Alvarez-Marrón J, Marcos A, Pulgar JA (1988) A thin-skinned tectonic model for an arcuate fold and thrust belt: the Cantabrian zone (Variscan ibero-armorican arc). Tectonics 7:517-537
73. Perroud H (1983) Palaeomagnetism of Palaeozoic rocks from Cabo de Penas, Asturia, Spain. Geophys J R Astron Soc 75:201-215
74. Perroud H (1986) Paleomagnetic evidence for tectonic rotations in the Variscan Mountain Belt. Tectonics 5:205-214
75. Perroud H, Bonhommet N (1981) Paleomagnetism of the Ibero-Armorican arc and the Hercynian orogeny in western Europe. Nature 292:445-448
76. Perroud H, Bonhommet N (1984) A Devonian pole for Armorica. Geophys J R Astron Soc 77:839-845
77. Perroud H, Van der Voo R (1985) Palaeomagnetism of the Late Ordovician Thouars massif, Vendée province, France. J Geophys Res 90:4611-4625
78. Perroud H, Bonhommet N, Van der Voo R (1983) Palaeomagnetism of the Ordovician dolerites of the Crozon Peninsula (France). Geophys J R Astron Soc 72:307-319
79. Perroud H, Van der Voo R, Bonhommet N (1984) Paleozoic evolution of the Armorica plate on the basis of paleomagnetic data. Geology 12:579-582
80. Perroud H, Robardet M, Van der Voo R, Bonhommet N, Paris F (1985) Revision of the age of magnetization of the Montmartin red beds, Normandy, France. Geophys J R Astron Soc 80:541-549
81. Perroud H, Bonhommet N, Thebault JP (1986) Palaeomagnetism of the Ordovician Moulin de Chateaupanne formation, Vendée, western France. Geophys J R Astron Soc 85:573-582
82. Perroud H, Calzy F, Khattach D (1991) Paleomagnetism of the Silurian Volcanism at Ahmaden, Southern Spain. J Geophys Res 96:1949-1962
83. Pharaoh TC, Brewer TS, Webb PC (1993) Subduction-related magmatism of late Ordovician age in eastern England. Geol Mag 130:647-656
84. Piper JDA (1979) Aspects of Caledonian palaeomagnetism and their tectonic implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett 44:176-192
85. Piper JDA (1987) Palaeomagnetism and the continental crust. Open University Press, Milton Keynes
86. Quesada C (1991) Geological constraints on the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of tectonostratigraphic terranes in the Iberian massif. Tectonophysics 185:225-245
87. Riding R (1974) Model of the Hercynian fold belt. Earth Planet Sci Lett 245:125-135
88. Ries AC, Shackleton RM (1976) Patterns of strain variation in arcuate fold belts. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A283:281-288
89. Ries AC, Richardson A, Shackleton RM (1980) Rotation of the Iberian arc: palaeomagnetic results from North Spain. Earth Planet Sci Lett 50:301-310
90. Roberts D (1980) Petrochemistry and palaeogeographic setting of the Ordovician volcanics of Smola, central Norway. NGU Bull 359:43-60
91. Roberts D (1988) Timing of Silurian to middle Devonian deformation in the Caledonides of Scandinavia, Svalbard and E Greenland. In: Harris AL, Fettes DJ (eds) The Caledonian-Appalachian orogen. Geol Soc Spec Publ 38:429-436
92. 39Ar-dating of the Beja gabbro: timing of the accretion of southern Portugal. Geophys Res Lett 17:2121-2124
93. Salmon E, Montigny R, Edel JB, Pique A, Thuizat R, Westphal M (1986) The Msissi Norite revisited: K/Ar dating, petrography and paleomagnetism. Geophys Res Lett 13:741-743
94. Schäfer J, Dörr W (1994) Ergebnisse zur Liefergebietsanbindung des saxothuringischen Flyschs durch Stoffbestandsuntersuchungen und U-Pb-Datierungen detrischer Zirkone. Terra Nostra 984 (3):95-96
95. Schätz M, Bachtadse V, Tait JA, Soffel HC, Heinisch H (1996) Armorica or Gondwana? Palaeomagnetic analysis of a lower palaeozoic terrane in the N Greywacke zone, E Alps. Annales Geophys EGS (abstr) 14 (1):C87
96. Scotese CR, Barrett SF (1990) Gondwana's movement over the South Pole during the Paleozoic: evidence from lithologic indicators of climate. In: McKerrow WS, Scotese CR (eds) Palaeogeography and biogeography. Mem Geol Soc Lond 12:75-86
97. Smethurst MA, Khramov AN (1992) A new Devonian palaeomagnetic pole for the Russian platform and Baltica, and related apparent polar wander. Geophys J Int 107:179-192
98. Smith RA (1995) The Siluro-Devonian evolution of the southern Midland Valley of Scotland. Geol Mag 132 (5):503-513
99. Sommermann A-E, Meisl S, Todt W (1990) U/Pb Alter von Zirkonen aus Metavulkaniten des Südtaunus. Ber Dtsch Mineral Ges Beih Eur J Mineral 2 (1):244
100. Sommermann A-E, Meisl S, Todt W (1992) Zirkonalter von drei verschiedenen Metvulkaniten aus dem Südtaunus. Geol Jahrb Hesses 120:67-76
101. Tait JA, Bachtadse V, Soffel HC (1994a) New palaeomagnetic constraints on the position of central Bohemia during Early Ordovician times. Geophys J Int 116:131-140
102. Tait JA, Bachtadse V, Soffel HC (1994b) Silurian palaeogeography of Armorica: new palaeomagnetic data from central Bohemia. J Geophys Res 99:2897-2907
103. Tait J, Bachtadse V, Soffel H (1995) Upper Ordovician palaeogeography of the Bohemian massif: implications for Armorica. Geophys J Int 122:211-218
104. Tait JA, Bachtadse V, Soffel HC (1996) Eastern Variscan fold belt: Paleomagnetic evidence for oroclinal bending. Geology 24:871-874
105. Thirlwall MF (1988) Wenlock to mid-Devonian volcanism of the Caledonian-Appalachian orogen. In: Harris AL, Fettes DJ (eds) The Caledonian-Appalachian orogen. Geol Soc Spec Publ 38:415-428
106. Thomas C, Briden JC (1976) Anomalous geomagnetic field during the late Ordovician. Nature 259:380-382
107. Torsvik TH, Trench A (1991) The Ordovician history of the Iapetus Ocean in Britain: new palaeomagnetic constraints. J Geol Soc Lond 148:423-425
108. Torsvik TH, Oleson O, Ryan PD, Trench A (1990) On the palaeogeography of Baltica during the Palaeozoic: new palaeomagnetic data from the Scandinavian Caledonides. Geophys J Int 103:261-279
109. Torsvik TH, Smethurst MA, Van der Voo R, Trench A, Abrahamsen N, Halvorsen EJ (1992) BALTICA: a synopsis of Vendian-Permian palaeomagnetic data and their palaeotectonic implications. Earth Sci Rev 33:133-152
110. Torsvik TH, Trench A, Svensson I, Walderhaug HJ (1993) Palaeogeographic significance of mid-Silurian palaeomagnetic results from southern Britain: major revision of the apparent polar wander path for eastern Avalonia. Geophys J Int 113: 651-668
111. Trench A, Torsvik TH (1991) A revised Palaeozoic apparent polar wander path for southern Britain (eastern Avalonia). Geophys J Int 104:227-233
112. Trench A, Torsvik TH, McKerrow WS (1992) The palaeogeographic evolution of southern Britain during the early Palaeozoic times: a reconciliation of palaeomagnetic and biogeographic evidence. Tectonophysics 201:75-82
113. Trench A, Torsvik TH, Dentith MC, Waldehaug H, Traynor JJ (1992) A high southerly palaeolatitude for southern Britain in early Ordovician times: palaeomagnetic data from the Treffgarne volcanic formation SW Wales. Geophys J Int 108:89-100
114. Van der Voo R (1979) Paleozoic assembly of Pangea: a new plate tectonic model for the Taconic, Caledonian and Hercynian orogenies. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 60:241
115. Van der Voo R (1993) Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic, Tethys and Iapetus Ocean. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
116. Vollbrecht A, Weber K, Schmoll J (1989) Structural model for Saxothuringian-Moldanubian suture in the Variscan basement of the Oberpfalz (Northeastern Bavaria, FRG) interpreted from geophysical data. Tectonophysics 157:123-133
117. Wendt J (1985) Disintegration of the continental margin of northwestern Gondwana: Late Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Geology 13:815-818
118. Woodcock NH (1990) Sequence stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic Welsh basin. J Geol Soc Lond 147:537-547
119. Young TP (1990a) Ordovician sedimentary facies and faunas of Southwest Europe: palaeogeographic and tectonic implications. In: McKerrow WS, Scotese CR (eds) Palaeozoic biogeography and palaeobiogeography. Mem Geol Soc Lond 12:421-430
120. Young GC (1990b) Devonian vertebrate distribution patterns and cladistic analysis of palaeogeographic hypotheses. In: McKerrow WS, Scotese CR (eds) Palaeozoic biogeography and palaeobiogeography. Mem Geol Soc Lond 12:243-256