Physiological characterization of Enterococcus faecalis during azoreductase activity

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 65-73

  Punj, Sumit ^a   John, Gilbert H ^a  

^a OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Azo dyes; Azoreductase; Direct blue 15; Enterococcus faecalis; Growth phase; Methyl red; Tartrazine

Indexed keywords

AZO DYE; AZO REDUCTASE; CELL EXTRACT; METHYL RED; PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHATE BUFFERED SALINE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; TARTRAZINE;

AEROBIC BACTERIUM; ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; CELL DIVISION; CELL GROWTH; CHEMICAL BOND; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME ASSAY; ENZYME KINETICS; METABOLISM; MICROFLORA; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; SULFONATION;

ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS;

EID: 53149098243     PISSN: 0891060X     EISSN: 16512235     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08910600802169630     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Hanninen O, Lindstrom-Seppa P, Pelkonen K. Role of gut in xenobiotic metabolism. Arch Toxicol. 1987;60:34-6.
2. Mikov M. The metabolism of drugs by the gut flora. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1994;19:201-7.
3. Chen H. Recent advances in azo dye degrading enzyme research. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2006;7:101-11.
4. Chung KT, Stevens SE Jr, Cerniglia CE. The reduction of azo dyes by the intestinal microflora. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1992;18:175-90.
5. Rafii F, Franklin W, Cerniglia CE. Azoreductase activity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human intestinal microflora. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990;56:2146-51.
6. Stolz A. Basic and applied aspects in the microbial degradation of azo dyes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001;56:69-80.
7. Chung KT. The significance of azo-reduction in the mutagenesis and carcinogenesis of azo dyes. Mutat Res. 1983;114:269-81.
8. McBride SM, Fischetti VA, Leblanc DJ, Moellering RC Jr, Gilmore MS. Genetic diversity among Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS ONE 2007;2:e582.
9. Walker R, Gingell R, Murrells DF. Mechanisms of azo reduction by Streptococcus faecalis. I. Optimization of assay conditions. Xenobiotica. 1971;1:221-9.
10. Chen H, Wang RF, Cerniglia CE. Molecular cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of an aerobic FMN-dependent azoreductase from Enterococcus faecalis. Protein Expr Purif. 2004;34:302-10.
11. Liu ZJ, Chen H, Shaw N, Hopper SL, Chen L, Chen S, et al. Crystal structure of an aerobic FMN-dependent azoreductase (AzoA) from Enterococcus faecalis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007;463:68-77.
12. Cerniglia CE, Freeman JP, Franklin W, Pack LD. Metabolism of azo dyes derived from benzidine, 3,3′-dimethyl-benzidine and 3,3′- dimethoxybenzidine to potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines by intestinal bacteria. Carcinogenesis. 1982;3:1255-60.
13. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265-75.
14. Groves WE, Davis FC Jr, Sells BH. Spectrophotometric determination of microgram quantities of protein without nucleic acid interference. Anal Biochem. 1968;22:195-210.
15. Gibson SAW. Human health: the contribution of microorganisms. London: Springer-Verlag; 1994.
16. Walker R, Ryan AJ. Some molecular parameters influencing rate of reduction of azo compounds by intestinal microflora. Xenobiotica. 1971;1:483-6.
17. Russ R, Rau J, Stolz A. The function of cytoplasmic flavin reductases in the reduction of azo dyes by bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000;66:1429-34.
18. Florencio MH, Heerma W. Behaviour of Methyl Red under fast atom bombardment conditions. Organic Mass Spectrometry. 1993;28:657-64.
19. Semde R, Pierre D, Geuskens G, Devleeschouwer M, Moes AJ. Study of some important factors involved in azo derivative reduction by Clostridium perfringens. Int J Pharmaceut. 1998;161:45-54.