Meaningful performance evaluation conditions for fire service thermal imaging cameras

Fire Safety Journal

Volumn 43, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 541-550

  Amon, Francine ^a   Hamins, Anthony ^a   Bryner, Nelson ^a   Rowe, Justin ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Evaluation; Fire service; Firefighter; First responder; Infrared camera; Standards development; Test conditions; Test methods; Thermal imaging camera

Indexed keywords

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS; FIRES; INFRARED IMAGING; KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT; TESTING;

EVALUATION; FIRE SERVICES; FIREFIGHTER; FIRST RESPONDERS; INFRA-RED CAMERAS; INFRARED CAMERAS; STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT; TEST CONDITION; TEST METHOD; THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS;

RESEARCH LABORATORIES;

EID: 53149097359     PISSN: 03797112     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.12.006     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Proposed NFPA 1801: Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service, 2009 Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 2007.
2. ASTM E 1543-00 (2006) Standard Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems, ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA, 2006.
3. M. Bundy, A. Hamins, E.L. Johnsson, S.C. Kim, G.H. Ko, D.B. Lenhert, Measurements of heat and combustion products in reduced scale ventilation limited compartment fires, NIST Technical Note TN 1483, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2007.
4. N. Lozare, Thermal Imaging Camera Credited for Saving Child. Firehouse.com News, 〈http://www.firehouse.com/news/99/10/19_camera.html〉, 1999.
5. Richardson M.T. Thermal triage. Fire Chief 45 (2001) 24-27
6. Firefighters Save A Life Fund, 〈http://www.fsalf.org/stories.htm〉, Modesto, CA.
7. F.K. Amon, N.P. Bryner, A. Hamins, Thermal Imaging Research Needs for First Responders: Workshop Proceedings, NIST Special Publication 1040, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2005.
8. ANSI/ISA 12.12.01-2000. Nonincendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class 1 and II, Division 2 and Class III, Divisions 1 and 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations (2000), ANSI Publications, New York, NY
9. ASTM B 117-03. Standard Test Method for Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (2003), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
10. ASTM D 1003-00. Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics (2000), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
11. ASTM D 6413-99. Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test) (1999), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
12. ASTM F 1359-99a (2004). Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on a Mannequin (2004), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
13. ASTM E 1213-97 (2002). Standard Test Method for Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference for Thermal Imaging Systems (2002), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
14. ASTM E 1256-95 (2001). Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type) (2001), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
15. ASTM E 1311-89 (2004). Standard Test Method for Minimum Detectable Temperature Difference for Thermal Imaging Systems (2004), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
16. ASTM E 1862-97 (2002). Standard Test Methods for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers (2002), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
17. ASTM E 1933-99a (2005). Standard Test Methods for Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers (2005), ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA
18. IEC 60529 Consol Ed. 2.1. Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code), (2001), International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
19. IEC 61000. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) (2005), International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
20. IEC 61508-SER Ed. 1.0. Functional Safety of Electrical/Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems (2005), International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
21. ISO 12233:2000. Photography-Electronic Still-Picture Cameras-Resolution Measurements (2000), International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
22. MIL-STD 810F Method 513 Environmental Test Methods and Engineering Guidelines, Department of Defense Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests, 2000.
23. FPDM2 VESA-2001-6:. Flat Panel Display Measurement Standard (2001), Video Electronics Standards Association, Milpitas, CA
24. NFPA 1221. Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Emergency Services Communications Systems, 2007 Edition (2007), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA
25. NFPA 1971. Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, 2007 Edition (2007), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA
26. NFPA 1977. Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipment for Wildland Fire Fighting, 2005 Edition (2005), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA
27. NFPA 1981. Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency Services, 2007 Edition (2007), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA
28. NFPA 1982. Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS), 2007 Edition (2007), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA
29. M.K. Donnelly, W.D. Davis, J.R. Lawson, M.J. Selepak, Thermal environment for electronic equipment used by first responders, NIST Technical Note 1474, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2006.
30. K. McGrattan, Verification and validation of selected fire models for nuclear power plant applications, Report NUREG-1824, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, 2006.
31. Tewarson A. Generation of heat and chemical compounds in fires. In: DiNenno P.J. (Ed). The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. first ed. (1988), National Fire Protection Association and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Quincy, MA (Section 1, Chapter 13)
32. Rothman L.S., Jacquemart D., Barbe A., Benner D.C., Birk M., Brown L.R., Carleer M.R., Chackerian C., Chance K., Coudert L.H., Dana V., Devi V.M., Flaud J.M., Gamache R.R., Goldman A., Hartmann J.M., Jucks K.W., Maki A.G., Mandin J.Y., Massie S.T., Orphal J., Perrin A., Rinsland C.P., Smith M.A.H., Tennyson J., Tolchenov R.N., Toth R.A., Vander Auwera J., Varanasi P., and Wagner G. The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 96 (2005) 139-204
33. Silverstein R.M., Bassler G.C., and Morrill T.C. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds. third ed. (1974), Wiley, New York
34. Siegel R., and Howell J.R. Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer. fourth ed. (2002), Taylor and Francis, New York, NY
35. J.B. Fang, J.N. Breese, Fire development in residential basement rooms, Internal Report NBSIR 80-2120, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, 1980.
36. R.G. Gann, J.D. Averill, E.L. Johnsson, M.R. Nyden, R.D. Peacock, Smoke component yields from room-scale fire tests, NIST Technical Note 1453, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2003.
37. A. Hamins, A. Maranghides, E. Johnsson, M. Donnelly, J. Yang, G. Mulholland, R. Anleitner, Report of experimental results for the international fire model benchmarking and validation exercise no. 3, NIST Special Publication 1013-1, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2005b.
38. Hamins A., Maranghides A., McGrattan K., Johnsson E., Ohlemiller T., Donnelly M., Yang J., Mulholland G., Prasad K., Kukuck S., Anleitner R., and McAllister T. Experiments and Modeling of Multiple Workstations Burning in a Compartment. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster. NIST Special Publication NCSTAR 1-5B, (2005), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
39. R.D. Peacock, S. Davis, B.T. Lee, Experimental data set for the accuracy assessment of room fire models, Report NBSIR 88-3752, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, 1988.
40. Pitts W.M., Johnsson E.L., and Bryner N.P. Carbon monoxide formation in fires by high-temperature anaerobic wood pyrolysis. Proc. Combust. Inst. 25 (1994) 69-70