메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 86-110

Latin American cyberprotest: Before and after the Zapatistas

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 52949107715     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.5949/UPO9781846313462.006     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (12)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 84927026579 scopus 로고
    • no longer available online
    • Acción Zapatista Austin Texas 1994–? http://www.utexas.edu/ftp/student/nave, no longer available online.
    • (1994)
  • 2
    • 84927069629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latin American Information AgencyWebsite available in Spanish, Portuguese, and English, last accessed 17 June
    • ALAI (Agencia Latinoamericana de Información [Latin American Information Agency]). Website available in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. http://www.alainnet.org, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2007) Agencia Latinoamericana De Información
  • 3
    • 84927117366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latin America in Movement, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • ALM (América Latina en Movimiento [Latin America in Movement]) 2000–. http://www.movimientos.org, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2000) América Latina En Movimiento
  • 4
    • 84928441837 scopus 로고
    • Giving voice to the poor
    • Annis, Sheldon 1991. ‘Giving Voice to the Poor’, Foreign Policy, 84, 93–106.
    • (1991) Foreign Policy , vol.84 , pp. 93-106
    • Annis, S.1
  • 5
    • 34248236985 scopus 로고
    • Cyberwar is coming!
    • reprinted in John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, eds., In Athena’s Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1997, pp. 23–60
    • Arquilla, John, and David Ronfeldt 1993. ‘Cyberwar is Coming!’, Comparative Strategy, 12:2, 141–65, reprinted in John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, eds., In Athena’s Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1997), pp. 23–60.
    • (1993) Comparative Strategy , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-165
    • Arquilla, J.1    Ronfeldt, D.2
  • 6
    • 84927061542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last accessed 17 June 2007
    • APPO (Asamblea Popular de los Pueblos de Oaxaca) 2006–. http://www.asamblea-populardeoaxaca.com, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2006) Asamblea Popular De Los Pueblos De Oaxaca
  • 7
    • 84926115806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Website available in English, Spanish, and French, last accessed 17 June
    • APC (Association for Progressive Communications). Website available in English, Spanish, and French, http://www.apc.org, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2007) Associationfor Progressive Communications
  • 8
    • 84927069628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Website available in English, Spanish, and French, Annual Report. Available from, last accessed 20 November 2006
    • Website available in English, Spanish, and French2000. 1990–2000: Looking Back on APC’s First Decade. Annual Report. Available from http://www.apc.org/english.about/history/apc_ar_2000.pdf. last accessed 20 November 2006.
    • 1990–2000: Looking Back on APC’s First Decade
  • 9
    • 84927069627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Website available in English, Spanish, and French, last accessed 3 November 2006
    • Website available in English, Spanish, and French2006. ‘Internet and ICTs for Social Justice and Development News’, http://www.apc.org/english/news/index.shtml/, last accessed 3 November 2006.
    • Internet and Icts for Social Justice and Development News
  • 11
    • 84926983088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberculture comes to the americas
    • November/December, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Belejack, Barbara 1997. ‘Cyberculture Comes to the Americas’, NACLA Report on the Americas, November/December, http://hartford-hwp.com/archives/40/071.html, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • NACLA Report on the Americas
    • Belejack, B.1
  • 13
    • 84883355862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alai: A latin american experience in social networking
    • Wendy Harcourt, ed., London: Zed Books
    • Burch, Sally 1999. ‘ALAI: A Latin American Experience in Social Networking’, in Wendy Harcourt, ed., Women@Internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace (London: Zed Books), pp. 197–205.
    • (1999) Women@Internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace , pp. 197
    • Burch, S.1
  • 15
    • 84927026578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Centro de Información Zapatista 2001–. Con el EZLN al DF, http://www.ezlnaldf.org/, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2001) Con El EZLN Al DF
  • 16
    • 84927069626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Chiapas95 1994–. http://www.eco.utexas.edu/~hmcleave/chiapas95.html, last accessed 17 June 2007.
  • 17
    • 84870256843 scopus 로고
    • The chiapas uprising and the future of class struggle in the new world order
    • First published in Italian in, March, 133–45. Available from, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Cleaver, Harry 1994. ‘The Chiapas Uprising and the Future of Class Struggle in the New World Order’. First published in Italian in RIFF-RAFF: Attraverso la produzione sociale, March, 133–45. Available from http://www.eco.utexas.edu/facstaff/Cleaver/chiapasuprising.html, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (1994) RIFF-RAFF: Attraverso La Produzione Sociale
    • Cleaver, H.1
  • 18
    • 84862037664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last updated, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • CleaverHarry1996–2003 (last updated). Zapatistas in Cyberspace, http://www.eco.utexas.edu/~hmcleave/zapincyber.html, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2003) Zapatistas in Cyberspace
    • Cleaver, H.1
  • 19
    • 0008019740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The zapatistas and the electronic fabric of struggle
    • John Holloway and Eloína Peláez, eds., London: Pluto Press
    • CleaverHarry1998. ‘The Zapatistas and the Electronic Fabric of Struggle’, in John Holloway and Eloína Peláez, eds., Zapatista!: Reinventing Revolution in Mexico (London: Pluto Press), pp. 81–103.
    • (1998) Zapatista!: Reinventing Revolution in Mexico , pp. 81
    • Cleaver, H.1
  • 20
    • 33750013367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from latin america
    • Leslie David Simon et al., Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press
    • Corrales, Javier 2002. ‘Lessons from Latin America’, in Leslie David Simon et al., Democracy and the Internet: Allies or Adversaries? (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press), pp. 30–66.
    • (2002) Democracy and the Internet: Allies Or Adversaries? , pp. 30-66
    • Corrales, J.1
  • 21
    • 84927026577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • paper given at the Internet and International Systems: Information Technology and American Foreign Policy Decisionmaking Workshop, Nautilus Institute, San Francisco, CA, 10 December, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Denning, Dorothy E. 1999. ‘Activism, Hacktivism, and Cyberterrorism: The Internet as a Tool for Influencing Foreign Policy’, paper given at the Internet and International Systems: Information Technology and American Foreign Policy Decisionmaking Workshop, Nautilus Institute, San Francisco, CA, 10 December, http://www.nautilus.org/archives/info-policy/workshop/papers/denning.html, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (1999) Activism, Hacktivism, and Cyberterrorism: The Internet as a Tool for Influencing Foreign Policy
    • Denning, D.E.1
  • 23
    • 84940555094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital zapatismo
    • last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Domínguez, Ricardo c.1998. ‘Digital Zapatismo’, Electronic Civil Disobedience, http://www.thing.net/~rdom/ecd/DigZap.html, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • Electronic Civil Disobedience
    • Domínguez, R.C.1
  • 24
    • 84927069625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Official website, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) 2005–. Official website, http://www.ezln.org.mx, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2005)
  • 25
    • 84926983084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last accessed 16 November
    • Electronic Civil Disobedience. http://www.thing.net/~rdom.ecd/ecd.html, last accessed 16 November 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 26
    • 84926983083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last accessed 28 October 2006
    • Enlace Zapatista 2005–. http://www.enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx, last accessed 28 October 2006.
    • (2005)
  • 27
    • 0008113270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, place and networks: A political ecology of cyberculture
    • Wendy Harcourt, ed., London: Zed Books
    • Escobar, Arturo 1999. ‘Gender, Place and Networks: A Political Ecology of Cyberculture’, in Wendy Harcourt, ed., Women@Internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace (London: Zed Books), pp. 31–54.
    • (1999) Women@Internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace , pp. 31-54
    • Escobar, A.1
  • 28
    • 84927069624 scopus 로고
    • Website available in Spanish, French, and English, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • FUNREDES (Fundación Redes y Desarrollo) 1993–. Website available in Spanish, French, and English, http://funredes.org, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (1993) Fundación Redes Y Desarrollo
  • 29
    • 0040960773 scopus 로고
    • Chiapas: Latin americas first post-communist rebellion
    • spring
    • Fuentes, Carlos 1994. ‘Chiapas: Latin America’s First Post-Communist Rebellion’, New Perspectives Quarterly, 11:2 (spring), 54–58.
    • (1994) New Perspectives Quarterly , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 54-58
    • Fuentes, C.1
  • 30
    • 0005796523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hall of mirrors: The internet in latin america
    • Available from the International Development Research Centre, at, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Gómez, Ricardo 2000. ‘The Hall of Mirrors: The Internet in Latin America’, Current History, 99:634. Available from the International Development Research Centre, at http://archive.idrc.ca/pan/pubhall_e.htm, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2000) Current History , vol.99 , Issue.634
    • Gómez, R.1
  • 32
    • 0002699546 scopus 로고
    • Zapatistas on-line
    • September/October
    • Halleck, Deedee 1994. ‘Zapatistas On-Line’, NACLA Report on the Americas, 28:2 September/October, 30–32, 44.
    • (1994) NACLA Report on the Americas , vol.28 , Issue.2
    • Halleck, D.1
  • 33
    • 84926983082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Ilich, Fran 2000–. Possible Worlds, http://www.possibleworlds.org, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2000) Possibleworlds
    • Ilich, F.1
  • 34
    • 84926963960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last accessed 17 June 2007
    • IlichFran2006. ‘Historia’, http://possibleworlds.org/?page_id=3, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • Historia
    • Ilich, F.1
  • 37
    • 84927061381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Art/communication/technicity at centurys end
    • trans. by Hugh O’Donnell, in Anny Brooksbank Jones and Ronaldo Munck, eds., Basingstoke: Macmillan
    • Martín-Barbero, Jesús 2000. ‘Art/Communication/Technicity at Century’s End’, trans. by Hugh O’Donnell, in Anny Brooksbank Jones and Ronaldo Munck, eds., Cultural Politics in Latin America (Basingstoke: Macmillan), pp. 56–73.
    • (2000) Cultural Politics in Latin America , pp. 56-73
    • Martín-Barbero, J.1
  • 38
    • 0011866869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping womens global communications and networking
    • Wendy Harcourt, ed., London: Zed Books
    • Mastrangelo Gittler, Alice 1999. ‘Mapping Women’s Global Communications and Networking’, in Wendy Harcourt, ed., Women@Internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace (London: Zed Books), pp. 91–101.
    • (1999) Women@Internet: Creating New Cultures in Cyberspace , pp. 91
    • Gittler, M.1
  • 40
    • 84887804035 scopus 로고
    • Using the internet to strengthen the indigenous nations of the americas
    • O’Donnell, Susan, and Guillermo Delgado 1995. ‘Using the Internet to Strengthen the Indigenous Nations of the Americas’, Journal of Media Development, 42:3, 36–38.
    • (1995) Journal of Media Development , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 36-38
    • O’Donnell, S.1    Delgado, G.2
  • 42
    • 84927026574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site hosted on, server maintained by Fran Ilich., last accessed 17 June 2007
    • La otra información 2006–. Site hosted on www.possibleworlds.org server maintained by Fran Ilich. http://www.laotrainformacion.org, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2006)
  • 43
    • 84873014620 scopus 로고
    • Electronic global networking and the ngo movement: The 1992 rio summit and beyond
    • Available from, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Preston, Shelley 1994. ‘Electronic Global Networking and the NGO Movement: The 1992 Rio Summit and Beyond’, Swords and Ploughshares: A Chronicle of International Affairs, 3:2. Available from http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/role/policymk/internet/2000/131100.htm, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (1994) Swords and Ploughshares: A Chronicle of International Affairs , vol.3 , Issue.2
    • Preston, S.1
  • 45
    • 84926982500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movilizaciones estudiantiles: ¿por qué en chile y no en otros países de américa latina?
    • June., last accessed 25 July 2006
    • Rodríguez, Ernesto 2006. ‘Movilizaciones estudiantiles: ¿Por qué en Chile y no en otros países de América Latina?’, Revista Electrónica Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Juventud, 2:3, June. http://www.joveneslac.org/portal/000/publicaciones/revista/3/18%20MOVILIZACIONES%ESTUDIANTILES.htm, last accessed 25 July 2006.
    • Revista Electrónica Latinoamericana De Estudios Sobre Juventud , vol.2 , Issue.3
    • Rodríguez, E.1
  • 47
    • 84927111106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apropiación social de las tecnologías de la información: Ciberciudadanías emergentes
    • Foro: comunicación y ciudadanía, 28 November, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Rueda Ortiz, Rocío 2005. ‘Apropiación social de las tecnologías de la información: ciberciudadanías emergentes’, Foro: comunicación y ciudadanía, América Latina en movimiento, 28 November. http://www.movimientos.org/foro_comunicacion/show_text.php3?key=5930, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2005) América Latina En Movimiento
    • Ortiz, R.1
  • 48
    • 84926982498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Globalización, comunicación y movimientos sociales
    • Foro: comunicación y ciudadanía, 29 November, last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Tamayo G., Eduardo 2005. ‘Globalización, comunicación y movimientos sociales’, Foro: comunicación y ciudadanía, América Latina en movimiento, 29 November. http://www.movimientos.org/foro_comunicacion/show_text. php3?key=5932, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • América Latina En Movimiento
    • Tamayo, G.1
  • 49
    • 84927051116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La interneten américa latina
    • Néstor García Canclini and Carlos Juan Moneta, eds., Mexico City: Grijalbo; Caracas: Sistema Económica Latinoamericano; UNESCO
    • Trejo Delarbre, Raúl 1999. ‘La Internet en América Latina’, in Néstor García Canclini and Carlos Juan Moneta, eds., Las industrias culturales en la integración latinoamericana (Mexico City: Grijalbo; Caracas: Sistema Económica Latinoamericano; UNESCO), pp. 311–56.
    • (1999) Las Industrias Culturales En La integración Latinoamericana , pp. 311
    • Delarbre, T.1
  • 51
    • 34748886377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hactivists or cyberterrorism?: The changing media discourse on hacking
    • last accessed 17 June 2007
    • Vegh, Sandor 2002. ‘Hactivists or Cyberterrorism?: The Changing Media Discourse on Hacking’, First Monday, 7:10, http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_10/vegh/index.html, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • First Monday , vol.7 , Issue.10
    • Vegh, S.1
  • 53
    • 84927026072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hactivism credited to zapatistas
    • 2 November. Reuters. Available from, last accessed 16 November 2006
    • Wolf, Jim 2000. ‘“Hactivism” Credited to Zapatistas’, 2 November. Reuters. Available from Electronic Civil Disobedience, http://www.thing.net/~diane/ecd/ZapsFirst.html, last accessed 16 November 2006.
    • (2000) Electronic Civil Disobedience
    • Wo1    Lf, J.2
  • 54
    • 84911125230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informing, communicating and icts in contemporary anti-capitalist movements
    • Wim van de Donk et al., eds., London: Routledge
    • Wright, Steve 2004. ‘Informing, Communicating and ICTs in Contemporary Anti-Capitalist Movements’, in Wim van de Donk et al., eds., Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements (London: Routledge), pp. 77–93.
    • (2004) Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements , pp. 77-93
    • Wright, S.1
  • 55
    • 84926982497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • jYa basta! 1994-c.200l. http://www.ezln.org, no longer available online.
  • 56
    • 84927033219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ‘Zapatista’. U K Indymedia, http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/topics/zapatista, last accessed 17 June 2007.
    • (2007) Zapatista
  • 57
    • 84926982496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last accessed 21 November 2006
    • Zezta Interna zionale 2005-. http://www.zeztainternazionale.org, last accessed 21 November 2006.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.