The replacement correction factor for the BIPM flat cavity ion chamber and the value of We

Medical Physics

Volumn 35, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 4410-4416

  Wang, L L W ^a   Rogers, D W O ^a  

^a CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Absorbed dose; Air kerma; EGSnrc; Graphite calorimeter; Ion chamber; Primary standards; Replacement correction factor; Stopping power; W e

Indexed keywords

IONIZATION CHAMBERS; IONS; MONTE CARLO METHODS; PHOTOIONIZATION;

ABSORBED DOSE; AIR KERMA; CORRECTION FACTORS; EGSNRC; PRIMARY STANDARDS; STOPPING POWER;

GRAPHITE;

COBALT 60; GRAPHITE;

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; DOSIMETRY; ELECTRON; ENERGY; FLAT CAVITY ION CHAMBER; ION PAIR EXTRACTION; IONIZATION CHAMBER; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPLACEMENT CORRECTION FACTOR; VALIDITY;

EID: 52949085443     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.2975148     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. M. Boutillon and A. M. Perroche-Roux, " Re-evaluation of the W value for electrons in dry air.," Phys. Med. Biol. 32, 213-219 (1987).
2. L. Büermann, B. Grosswendt, H.-M. Kramer, H.-J. Selbach, M. Gerlach, M. Hoffmann, and M. Krumrey, " Measurement of the x-ray mass energy-absorption coefficient of air using 3 keV to 10 keV synchrotron radiation.," Phys. Med. Biol. 51, 5125-5150 (2006).
3. M. T. Niatel, A. M. Perroche-Roux, and M. Boutillon, " Two determinations of W for electrons in dry air.," Phys. Med. Biol. 30, 67-75 (1985).
4. ICRU, " Stopping powers for electrons and positrons.," ICRU Report No. 37, Bethesda, MD, 1984.
5. M. Boutillon, " Revision of the results of international comparisons of absorbed dose in graphite in a Co60 beam.," BIPM Report No. BIPM-90/4, 1990.
6. M. Boutillon and A.-M. Perroche-Roux, " Radial non-uniformity of the BIPM Co60 beam.," BIPM Report No. BIPM-89/2, 1989.
7. M. Boutillon, " Gap correction for the calorimetric measurement of absorbed dose in graphite with a Co60 beam.," Phys. Med. Biol. 34, 1809-1821 (1989).
8. H. Bichsel and T. Hiraoka, " Energy loss of 70 MeV protons in elements.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 66, 345-351 (1992).
9. M. Boutillon, " Perturbation correction for the ionometric determination of absorbed dose in a graphite phantom for Co60 gamma rays.," Phys. Med. Biol. 28, 375-388 (1983).
10. I. H. Ferreira, A. Bridier, C. E. de Almeida, D. Marre, and J. Chavaudra, " Perturbation corrections for flat and thimble-type cylindrical standard ionization chambers for Co60 gamma rays: Monte Carlo calculations.," Phys. Med. Biol. 43, 2721-2727 (1998).
11. M. T. Niatel, " On the location of a flat ionization chamber for absorbed dose determination.," Phys. Med. Biol. 28, 407-410 (1983).
12. A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers, " Implications of new correction factors on primary air kerma standards in Co60 beams.," Phys. Med. Biol. 37, 1283-1291 (1992).
13. D. T. Burns, " A new approach to the determination of air kerma using primary-standard cavity ionization chambers.," Phys. Med. Biol. 51, 929-942 (2006).
14. D. T. Burns, P. J. Allisy, and C. Kessler, " Re-evaluation of the BIPM international standard for air kerma in Co60 gamma radiation.," Metrologia 44, L53-L56 (2007).
15. C. E. de Almeida, A.-M. Perroche-Roux, and M. Boutillon, " Perturbation correction of a cylindrical thimble-type chamber in a graphite phantom for Co60 gamma rays.," Phys. Med. Biol. 34, 1443-1449 (1989).
16. L. L. W. Wang and D. W. O. Rogers, " Calculation of the replacement correction factors for ion chambers in megavoltage beams by Monte Carlo simulation.," Med. Phys. 35, 1747-1755 (2008).
17. A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers, " PRESTA: The Parameter Reduced Electron-Step Transport Algorithm for electron Monte Carlo transport.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 18, 165-181 (1987).
18. D. W. O. Rogers, " How accurately can EGS4/PRESTA calculate ion chamber response?," Med. Phys. 20, 319-323 (1993).
19. I. Kawrakow and D. W. O. Rogers, " The EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport.," Technical Report No. PIRS-701, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 2000 (see http://www.irs.inms.nrc.ca/inms/irs/EGSnrc/EGSnrc.html).
20. I. Kawrakow, " Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. I. EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version.," Med. Phys. 27, 485-498 (2000).
21. I. Kawrakow, " Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. II. Application to ion chamber response simulations.," Med. Phys. 27, 499-513 (2000).
22. D. W. O. Rogers, I. Kawrakow, J. P. Seuntjens, and B. R. B. Walters, " NRC user codes for EGSnrc.," Technical Report No. PIRS-702, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 2000.
23. I. Kawrakow, " egspp: The EGSnrc C++ class library.," Technical Report No. PIRS-899, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 2005.
24. G. Mora, A. Maio, and D. W. O. Rogers, " Monte Carlo simulation of a typical Co60 therapy source.," Med. Phys. 26, 2494-2502 (1999).
25. L. Büermann, E. Gargioni, G. Hilgers, and A. Krauss, " Comparison of ionometric and calorimetric determination of absorbed dose to water for cobalt-60 gamma rays.," Proceedings of the Absorbed Dose and Air Kerma Primary Standards Workshop, LNHB, Paris, http://www.nucleide.org/ ADAKPS_WS/Session H-ICAbsorbedDose/H3_Or-Buermann.pdf (May, 2007).
26. D. W. O. Rogers and I. Kawrakow, " Monte Carlo calculated correction factors for primary standards of air-kerma.," Med. Phys. 30, 521-543 (2003).
27. L. Büermann and G. Hilgers, " Significant discrepancies in air kerma rates measured with free-air and cavity ionization chambers.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 580, 477-480 (2007).