"Internet & society" in Armenia and Azerbaijan? Web games and a chronicle of an infowar

First Monday

Volumn 5, Issue 9, 2000, Pages

  Rogers, Richard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 52849139157     PISSN: 13960466     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5210/fm.v5i9.788     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Cf. H. Cleaver, "The Zapatistas and the Electronic Fabric of Struggle," html version of his piece in J. Holloway and E. Peláez (editors), 1998. Zapatista! Reinventing Revolution in Mexico. London: Pluto Press, at www.eco.utexas.edu/faculty/Cleaver/zaps.html;
2. D. Ronfeldt and J. Arquilla, 1998. The Zapatista Social Netwar in Mexico. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand, at www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR994/MR994.pdf;
3. J. Arquilla and D. Ronfeldt, 1997. "The Advent of Netwar," In: J. Arquilla and D. Ronfeldt, In Athena's Camp. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand, at www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR880/contents.html
4. http://greenrevenge.domainvalet.dom/
5. http://www.hijak.net/
6. According to the Zerkalo Daily, the sites taken down were: http://www.armenian-genocide.com/, http://www.aic.net/, http://www.amnic.net/, http://www.arminco.com/, http://www.aaainc.org/, http://www.armic.com/, http://www.armenia.online.com/, http://www.ancaer.org/, http://www.armeniaemb. org/, http://www.anca.org/, http://www.asbarez.com/, http://www.karabakh.com/, http://www.armenia.com/, and http://www.armen-info.com/
7. According to its site at http://www.aaainc.org/, the Armenian American Assembly dedicates itself to these issues: "Affirmation of the Armenian Genocide, Restrictions on U.S. aid to Azerbaijan, The Karabagh peace process, U.S. assistance to Armenia and Karabagh."
8. http://tolfast.net/feb00/nagorno.html
9. The Liazor site is archived at http://www.hackzone.ru/hacked/2000/ february/www.azer.com/
10. The prospect of new governmental transparency - e.g., the publication of governmental employees' salaries and property holdings - did raise some interest in the World Bank project.
11. See the author's "Introduction" to R. Rogers (editor), 2000. Preferred Placement: Knowledge Politics on the Web. Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Editions.
12. S. Wyatt, 1999. "They came, they surfed, they went back to the beach," paper presented at the International Conference of the Society for the Social Study of Science (4S), San Diego, Calif. (October).
13. http://www.thing.net/∼rdom/ecd/ecd.html
14. One of the representatives of the Electronic Disturbance Theater draws a careful line between artistic activism and terrorism, as quoted in Network World (1 November 1999), at ttp://www.nwfusion.com/news/0111vigcyber.html: "Remember," Dominguez says, "FloodNet was not created by hackers or terrorists, but by artists and activists who wanted to create a simple point and click tool that would bring civil disobedience to the HTML community."
15. This is a controversial point for the situation of the ground before the DDoS attacks was abhorent. But it is instructive to turn to the chronology of events, and note the timing of certain interventions by the Mexican government in the Chiapas region. In this case, as in that of the Armenian-Azeri infowar, certain parties may be said to overreact to Web games.
16. 'Real world effects' is a phrase often employed by the representatives of rtmark.com, a leading rogue Web site maker.